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Hirao T, Matsunaga K, Shirasawa K. Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis Based on High-Density Mapping of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms by Genotyping-by-Sequencing Against Pine Wilt Disease in Japanese Black Pine ( Pinus thunbergii). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:850660. [PMID: 35463400 PMCID: PMC9022113 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.850660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Identifying genes/loci for resistance to pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN) is beneficial for improving resistance breeding in Pinus thunbergii, but to date, genetic information using molecular markers has been limited. Here, we constructed a high-density linkage map using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and conducted quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for PWD resistance for the self-pollinated progeny of "Namikata 73," which is the most resistant variety among resistant varieties of P. thunbergii, following inoculation tests with PWN. An S1 mapping population consisting of the 116 progenies derived from self-pollination of the resistant variety, "Namikata 73" (resistance rank 5 to PWN), was inoculated with PWN isolate Ka-4 and evaluated for disease symptoms. To construct a high-density linkage map, we used single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified by GBS based on next-generation sequencing technology and some anchor DNA markers, expressed sequence tag (EST)-derived SNP markers and EST-derived simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and genomic SSR markers. The linkage map had 13 linkage groups (LGs) consisting of 2,365 markers including 2,243 GBS-SNP markers over a total map distance of 1968.4 centimorgans (cM). Results from QTL analysis using phenotype data and the linkage map indicated that PWD resistance is controlled by a single locus located on LG-3, as identified in a previous study. This locus showed overdominant genetic action in the present study. With the confirmation of PWD1 in two different mapping populations (present study and a previous study), the locus associated with this region is thought to be a good target for marker-assisted selection in P. thunbergii breeding programs in order to obtain high levels of resistance to PWD caused by PWN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Hirao
- Forest Bio-Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hitachi, Japan
| | - Koji Matsunaga
- Kyushu Regional Breeding Office, Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Koshi, Japan
| | - Kenta Shirasawa
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
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Hirao T, Matsunaga K, Hirakawa H, Shirasawa K, Isoda K, Mishima K, Tamura M, Watanabe A. Construction of genetic linkage map and identification of a novel major locus for resistance to pine wood nematode in Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:424. [PMID: 31615405 PMCID: PMC6792208 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pine wilt disease (PWD), which is caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is currently the greatest threat to pine forests in Europe and East Asian countries including Japan. Constructing a detailed linkage map of DNA markers and identifying PWD resistance genes/loci lead to improved resistance in Pinus thunbergii, as well as other Pinus species that are also susceptible to PWD. RESULTS A total F1 mapping population of 188 individuals derived from a cross between the PWD-resistant P. thunbergii varieties 'Tanabe 54' (resistant rank 2 to PWD) and 'Tosashimizu 63' (resistant rank 4 to PWD) was inoculated with PWN, and was evaluated for disease symptoms. To perform linkage analysis for PWN resistance, a set of three maps was constructed; two parental maps generated using the integrated two-way pseudo-testcross method, and a consensus map with population-type cross-pollination. The linkage map of 'Tanabe 54' consisted of 167 loci, and covered 14 linkage groups (LGs), with a total genetic distance of 1214.6 cM. The linkage map of 'Tosashimizu 63' consisted of 252 loci, and covered 14 LGs, with a total genetic distance of 1422.1 cM. The integrated consensus map comprised 12 LGs with the basic chromosome number of P. thunbergii, and a total genetic distance of 1403.6 cM. Results from quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using phenotype data and linkage maps indicated that PWN resistance is controlled by a single dominant allele, which was derived from the 'Tanabe 54' female parent. This major QTL was located on linkage group 3 and was designated PWD1 for PINE WILT DISEASE 1. CONCLUSIONS The PWD1 locus is a major resistance QTL located on the Pinus consensus LG03 that acts in a dominant manner to confer pine wood nematode resistance. Information from the present study will be useful for P. thunbergii breeding programs to improve resistance to PWD, and also to help identify susceptibility genes in Pinus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Hirao
- Forest Bio-research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-1301 Japan
| | - Koji Matsunaga
- Kyushu Regional Breeding Office, Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 2320-5 Suya, Goshi, Kumamoto, 860-0081 Japan
| | - Hideki Hirakawa
- Department of Frontier Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, 292-0818 Japan
| | - Kenta Shirasawa
- Department of Frontier Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, 292-0818 Japan
| | - Keiya Isoda
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-1301 Japan
| | - Kentaro Mishima
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-1301 Japan
| | - Miho Tamura
- Department of Forest Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Department of Forest Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan
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De Novo Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis of cDNA Library and Large-Scale Unigene Assembly in Japanese Red Pine (Pinus densiflora). Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29047-59. [PMID: 26690126 PMCID: PMC4691086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) is extensively cultivated in Japan, Korea, China, and Russia and is harvested for timber, pulpwood, garden, and paper markets. However, genetic information and molecular markers were very scarce for this species. In this study, over 51 million sequencing clean reads from P. densiflora mRNA were produced using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. It yielded 83,913 unigenes with a mean length of 751 bp, of which 54,530 (64.98%) unigenes showed similarity to sequences in the NCBI database. Among which the best matches in the NCBI Nr database were Picea sitchensis (41.60%), Amborella trichopoda (9.83%), and Pinus taeda (4.15%). A total of 1953 putative microsatellites were identified in 1784 unigenes using MISA (MicroSAtellite) software, of which the tri-nucleotide repeats were most abundant (50.18%) and 629 EST-SSR (expressed sequence tag- simple sequence repeats) primer pairs were successfully designed. Among 20 EST-SSR primer pairs randomly chosen, 17 markers yielded amplification products of the expected size in P. densiflora. Our results will provide a valuable resource for gene-function analysis, germplasm identification, molecular marker-assisted breeding and resistance-related gene(s) mapping for pine for P. densiflora.
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Naydenov KD, Alexandrov A, Matevski V, Vasilevski K, Naydenov MK, Gyuleva V, Carcaillet C, Wahid N, Kamary S. Range-wide genetic structure of maritime pine predates the last glacial maximum: evidence from nuclear DNA. Hereditas 2014; 151:1-13. [PMID: 24628602 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2013.00027.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Using nuclear simple sequence repeats (nuSSRs), we determined the genetic variability in the natural distribution range of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) in the western Mediterranean region. We analysed the role of global and significant climatic fluctuations in driving the evolutionary diversification of this species. We attempted to determine the impact of the last glacial maximum (LGM) and human activity on genetic variation and to identify the effect of bottlenecks, admixing, migration, time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA), and recent splits. A total of 972 individuals were analysed. The sample represented 27 natural populations from the western Mediterranean region, which encompasses most of the natural range of P. pinaster. Using eight nuSSRs, we analysed genetic diversity indices for each population and group of populations. We also examined the interpopulation structure by the frequency and distance method and investigated genetic barriers, signals of historical demographic fluctuations, phylogeographic structure, admixing, rate of mutation, migration, as well as testing the hypothesis of isolation by distance (IBD). Both cluster analyses showed similar population genetic structure with three genetic barriers that divided the samples into four large groups. Intensive migration was only detected during the period of the last glacial maximum (LGM), which permitted the mutation rate of the markers used to be calculated. The majority of the population was found to exhibit signs of a recent bottleneck and its timing showed a clear northeast-southwest geographic distribution. A clearly defined phylogeographic structure (Nst > Gst and Rst > Gst ) under IBD was established, and showed the highest divergence between groups of populations separated by physical barriers, such as the Strait of Gibraltar, the Mediterranean Sea and the Pyrenees. The high level of intergroup genetic differentiation (ΦIS = 20.26) was attributed to a long historical isolation (which occurred before the last 18 000 years) between the principal maritime pine population groups that occurred due to physical barriers that limited pollen and seed transfer, combined with a minimal effective radius of distribution. The low level of genetic diversity among the populations was combined with genetic drift and a recent bottleneck during the period of human activity. Significant migration across barriers was due to spontaneous phenomena during the LGM, which had no significant impact on the genetic structure owing to its relatively short duration and the fragmented species. The phylogeographic structure under the assumption of IBD was well established for P. pinaster in each of the principal population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krassimir D Naydenov
- Canadian Armed Forces, Ministry of National Defence, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, CanadaForest Research Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, BulgariaInstitute of biologie, Faculty of Natural Sciences and mathematics, Skopje, Republic of MacedoniaSs. Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Forestry, Skopje, Republic of MacedoniaSs. Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Medicine, Skopje, Republic of MacedoniaUMR 5059 CNRS-Univ. Montpellier 2-EPHE, Institute de Botanique, Montpellier, FranceCentre d'étude sur la forêt, Université Laval, Faculté de forestierie et géomatique, Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, QC, CanadaUniversité Mohamed Premier, Faculté des Sciences, Oujda, Maroc
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Iwaizumi MG, Takahashi M, Isoda K, Austerlitz F. Consecutive five-year analysis of paternal and maternal gene flow and contributions of gametic heterogeneities to overall genetic composition of dispersed seeds of Pinus densiflora (Pinaceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2013; 100:1896-904. [PMID: 23997208 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1200563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Genetic variability in monoecious woody plant populations results from the assemblage of individuals issued from asymmetrical male and female reproductive functions, produced during spatially and temporarily heterogeneous reproductive and dispersal events. Here we investigated the dispersal patterns and levels of genetic diversity and differentiation of both paternal and maternal gametes in a natural population of Pinus densiflora at the multiple-year scale as long as five consecutive years. • METHODS We analyzed the paternity and maternity for 1576 seeds and 454 candidate adult trees using nuclear DNA polymorphisms of diploid biparental embryos and haploid maternal megagametophytes at eight microsatellite loci. • KEY RESULTS Despite the low levels of genetic differentiation among gamete groups, a two-way AMOVA analysis showed that the parental origin (paternal vs. maternal gametes), the year of gamete production and their interaction had significant effects on the genetic composition of the seeds. While maternal gamete groups showed a significant FST value across the 5 years, this was not true for their paternal counterparts. Within the population, we found that the relative reproductive contributions of the paternal vs. the maternal parent differed among adult trees, the maternal contributions showing a larger year-to-year fluctuation. • CONCLUSIONS The overall genetic variability of dispersed seeds appeared to result from two sources of heterogeneity: the difference between paternal and maternal patterns of reproduction and gamete dispersal and year-to-year heterogeneity of reproduction of adult trees, especially in their maternal reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu G Iwaizumi
- Kansai Regional Breeding Office, Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1043, Uetsukinaka, Shoo, Katsuta, Okayama 709-4335, Japan
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Ozawa H, Watanabe A, Uchiyama K, Saito Y, Ide Y. Influence of long-distance seed dispersal on the genetic diversity of seed rain in fragmented Pinus densiflora populations relative to pollen-mediated gene flow. J Hered 2013; 104:465-75. [PMID: 23613135 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/est022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-distance dispersal (LDD) of seeds has a critical impact on species survival in patchy landscapes. However, relative to pollen dispersal, empirical data on how seed LDD affects genetic diversity in fragmented populations have been poorly reported. Thus, we attempted to indirectly evaluate the influence of seed LDD by estimating maternal and paternal inbreeding in the seed rain of fragmented 8 Pinus densiflora populations. In total, the sample size was 458 seeds and 306 adult trees. Inbreeding was estimated by common parentage analysis to evaluate gene flow within populations and by sibship reconstruction analysis to estimate gene flow within and among populations. In the parentage analysis, the observed probability that sampled seeds had the same parents within populations was significantly larger than the expected probability in many populations. This result suggested that gene dispersal was limited to within populations. In the sibship reconstruction, many donors both within and among populations appeared to contribute to sampled seeds. Significant differences in sibling ratios were not detected between paternity and maternity. These results suggested that seed-mediated gene flow and pollen-mediated gene flow from outside population contributed some extent to high genetic diversity of the seed rain (H E > 0.854). We emphasize that pine seeds may have excellent potential for gene exchange within and among populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Ozawa
- Fukushima Prefectural Forestry Research Centre, 1 Nishijimasaka, Narita, Asaka-machi, Koriyama 963-0112, Japan.
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Salim K, Naydenov KD, Benyounes H, Tremblay F, Latifa EH, Wahid N, Valeria O. Genetic signals of ancient decline in Aleppo pine populations at the species' southwestern margins in the Mediterranean Basin. Hereditas 2010; 147:165-75. [PMID: 21039454 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2010.02176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsatellite markers were used to characterize the structure of genetic diversity in natural Moroccan Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) populations, the most southwesterly marginal populations of the species in the Mediterranean Basin. Twenty-two natural populations and one artificial population, located in four regions covering most of the natural range of P. halepensis in the country, were sampled. Across this range, towards the south and west (and towards high altitudes) the populations become increasingly discrete and discontinuous. The nuclear microsatellite marker analysis suggests that a large proportion of the Aleppo pines in Morocco have derived from a single genetic lineage, represented by a central group of 11 of the examined populations located in the High and Middle Atlas Mountains. In addition, two smaller groups, represented by the marginal southwestern High Atlas populations, and three still smaller north / northeastern groups of populations located in the Rif and northeast Middle Atlas Mountains, could be genetically distinguished. Further, coalescence analysis of historical demographic population patterns suggests that ancient bottlenecks occurred in all of the natural populations. However, the population differentiation and genetic diversity levels we found were good (F(st) =15.47), presumably because of the species' good potential for long-distance dispersal of seeds and high invasive capacity, which appear to have maintained a state of stable near-equilibrium, meta-population dynamics since ancient times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamari Salim
- Université Mohamed Premier, Faculté des Sciences, Oujda, Morocco
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Wahid N, Naydenov KD, Kamari S, Boulli A, Tremblay F. Genetic structure of Pinus pinaster Ait. populations in Morocco revealed by nuclear microsatellites. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Simple sequence repeat polymorphisms (SSRPs) for evaluation of molecular diversity and germplasm classification of minor crops. Molecules 2009; 14:4546-69. [PMID: 19924085 PMCID: PMC6255041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14114546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of the genetic diversity among populations is an essential prerequisite for the preservation of endangered species. Thousands of new accessions are introduced into germplasm institutes each year, thereby necessitating assessment of their molecular diversity before elimination of the redundant genotypes. Of the protocols that facilitate the assessment of molecular diversity, SSRPs (simple sequence repeat polymorphisms) or microsatellite variation is the preferred system since it detects a large number of DNA polymorphisms with relatively simple technical complexity. The paucity of information on DNA sequences has limited their widespread utilization in the assessment of genetic diversity of minor or neglected crop species. However, recent advancements in DNA sequencing and PCR technologies in conjunction with sophisticated computer software have facilitated the development of SSRP markers in minor crops. This review examines the development and molecular nature of SSR markers, and their utilization in many aspects of plant genetics and ecology.
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Iwaizumi MG, Takahashi M, Watanabe A, Ubukata M. Simultaneous Evaluation of Paternal and Maternal Immigrant Gene Flow and the Implications for the Overall Genetic Composition of Pinus densiflora Dispersed Seeds. J Hered 2009; 101:144-53. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esp089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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WATANABE A, IWAIZUMI MG, UBUKATA M, KONDO T, LIAN C, HOGETSU T. Isolation of microsatellite markers from Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. using a dual PCR technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lian C, Narimatsu M, Nara K, Hogetsu T. Tricholoma matsutake in a natural Pinus densiflora forest: correspondence between above- and below-ground genets, association with multiple host trees and alteration of existing ectomycorrhizal communities. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2006; 171:825-36. [PMID: 16918553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Tricholoma matsutake (matsutake) is an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus that produces economically important mushrooms in Japan. Here, we use microsatellite markers to identify genets of matsutake sporocarps and below-ground ECM tips, as well as associated host genotypes of Pinus densiflora. We also studied ECM fungal community structure inside, beneath and outside the matsutake fairy rings, using morphological and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) polymorphism analysis. Based on sporocarp samples, one to four genets were found within each fairy ring, and no genetic differentiation among six sites was detected. Matsutake ECM tips were only found beneath fairy rings and corresponded with the genotypes of the above-ground sporocarps. We detected nine below-ground matsutake genets, all of which colonized multiple pine trees (three to seven trees per genet). The ECM fungal community beneath fairy rings was species-poor and significantly differed from those inside and outside the fairy rings. We conclude that matsutake genets occasionally establish from basidiospores and expand on the root systems of multiple host trees. Although matsutake mycelia suppress other ECM fungi during expansion, most of them may recover after the passage of the fairy rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Lian
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan.
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Squirrell J, Hollingsworth PM, Woodhead M, Russell J, Lowe AJ, Gibby M, Powell W. How much effort is required to isolate nuclear microsatellites from plants? Mol Ecol 2003; 12:1339-48. [PMID: 12755865 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01825.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The attributes of codominance, reproducibility and high resolution have all contributed towards the current popularity of nuclear microsatellites as genetic markers in molecular ecological studies. One of their major drawbacks, however, is the development phase required to obtain working primers for a given study species. To facilitate project planning, we have reviewed the literature to quantify the workload involved in isolating nuclear microsatellites from plants. We highlight the attrition of loci at each stage in the process, and the average effort required to obtain 10 working microsatellite primer pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Squirrell
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20 A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK.
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Miwa M, Zhou Z, Shinone M, Maruta E, Hogetsu T. Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers in a perennial herbaceous plant, Polygonum cuspidatum
(Polygonaceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-8278.2001.00064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lian C, Nara K, Nakaya H, Zhou Z, Wu B, Miyashita N, Hogetsu T. Development of microsatellite markers in polyploidSalix reinii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-8278.2001.00059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lian C, Miwa M, Hogetsu T. Outcrossing and paternity analysis of Pinus densiflora (Japanese red pine) by microsatellite polymorphism. Heredity (Edinb) 2001; 87:88-98. [PMID: 11678991 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study employed microsatellite loci to analyse outcrossing rate and pollen dispersal in Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) in an isolated stand. The average offspring outcrossing rate for 29 cones was 0.955. Significant differences in outcrossing rates between offspring groups on individual branches that extended in different directions at different heights were not detected. Male parents of 874 offspring collected from the maternal tree were assessed by exclusion using polymorphisms at three microsatellite loci. Paternity analysis indicated that at least 31% of the offspring were fertilized by pollen from trees outside the stand. The average distance of pollen migration within the study stand was 68 m, with a maximum value of 325 m. There was excess mating with nearby P. densiflora trees, of which only a few were predominant pollen donors. In addition, a weakly directional bias in P. densiflora pollination was also detected in the study stand, suggesting that female strobili on a branch of the maternal tree were more easily fertilized by pollen from trees in that direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lian
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Midori-cho 1-1-8, Nishi Tokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan.
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