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Hernández-Teixidor D, Cussigh A, Suárez D, García J, Scheffrahn RH, Luchetti A. Molecular analyses of the Kalotermes dispar-complex (Blattodea: Kalotermitidae) from the Canary Islands reveal cryptic intraspecific divergence and a connection to a lone Nearctic congener. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2024; 24:6. [PMID: 38989844 PMCID: PMC11237993 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The Canary Islands is a Macaronesian volcanic archipelago with a depauperate community of three species of Kalotermitidae, including Kalotermes dispar. A total of 54 Kalotermes colonies were collected from Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma, and El Hierro islands. Soldiers and imagos were morphologically examined and sequenced for four mitochondrial markers. Although morphological differences could not be detected, phylogenetic analysis of both cox1/tRNA/cox2 and rrnL markers revealed two distinct clades of K. dispar, suggesting cryptic diversity. The diversification within the Canary Kalotermes lineage most likely occurred around 7.5 Mya, while the divergence within the two clades was reconstructed at about 3.6 Mya and 1.9 Mya. Kalotermes approximatus from the southeastern Nearctic constitutes a sister to the Canary Kalotermes, while the Palearctic K. flavicollis, K. italicus, and K. phoenicae form a separate clade. It is hypothesized that a faunal exchange of Kalotermes from the Nearctic to the Canary Islands occurred via transoceanic rafting during the mid-Miocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hernández-Teixidor
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), 38206 La Laguna, Spain
- Grupo de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Tenerife (GIET), 38108 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Alex Cussigh
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniel Suárez
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), 38206 La Laguna, Spain
- Grupo de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Tenerife (GIET), 38108 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Javier García
- Grupo de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Tenerife (GIET), 38108 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Rudolf H Scheffrahn
- Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, 3205 College Avenue, Davie, FL 33314, USA
| | - Andrea Luchetti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Brown RP, Sun H, Jin Y, Meloro C. Habitat-associated Genomic Variation in a Wall Lizard from an Oceanic Island. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad193. [PMID: 37862140 PMCID: PMC10637050 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The lizard Teira dugesii exhibits morphological divergence between beach and inland habitats in the face of gene flow, within the volcanic island of Madeira, Portugal. Here, we analyzed genomic data obtained by genotyping-by-sequencing, which provided 16,378 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 94 individuals sampled from 15 sites across Madeira. Ancient within-island divergence in allopatry appears to have mediated divergence in similar species within other Atlantic islands, but this hypothesis was not supported for T. dugesii. Across all samples, a total of 168 SNPs were classified as statistical outliers using pcadapt and OutFLANK. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that 17 of these outliers were associated with beach/inland habitats. The SNPs were located within 16 sequence tags and 15 of these were homologous with sequences in a 31 Mb region on chromosome 3 of a reference wall lizard genome (the remaining tag could not be associated with any chromosome). We further investigated outliers through contingency analyses of allele frequencies at each of four pairs of adjacent beach-inland sites. The majority of the outliers detected by the RDA were confirmed at two pairs of these matched sites. These analyses also suggested some parallel divergence at different localities. Six other outliers were associated with site elevation, four of which were located on chromosome 5 of the reference genome. Our study lends support to a previous hypothesis that divergent selection between gray shingle beaches and inland regions overcomes gene flow and leads to the observed morphological divergence between populations in these adjacent habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Brown
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuanting Jin
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Carlo Meloro
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Effa K, Rosenbom S, Han J, Dessie T, Beja-Pereira A. Genetic Diversities and Historical Dynamics of Native Ethiopian Horse Populations ( Equus caballus) Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphisms. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020155. [PMID: 33503948 PMCID: PMC7912211 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrilineal genetic diversity and relationship were investigated among eight morphologically identified native Ethiopian horse populations using polymorphisms in 46 mtDNA D-loop sequences (454 base pairs). The horse populations identified were Abyssinian, Bale, Borana, Horro, Kafa, Kundido feral horses, Ogaden and Selale. Mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences were characterized by 15 variable sites that defined five different haplotypes. All genetic diversity estimates, including Reynolds' linearized genetic distance, genetic differentiation (FST) and nucleotide sequence divergence (DA), revealed a low genetic differentiation in native Ethiopian horse populations. However, Kundido feral and Borana domestic horses were slightly diverged from the rest of the Ethiopian horse populations. We also tried to shed some light on the matrilineal genetic root of native Ethiopian horses from a network constructed by combining newly generated haplotypes and reference haplotypes deposited in the GenBank for Eurasian type Turkish Anatolian horses that were used as a genetic conduit between Eurasian and African horse populations. Ninety-two haplotypes were generated from the combined Ethio-Eurasian mtDNA D-loop sequences. A network reconstructed from the combined haplotypes using Median-Joining algorithm showed that haplotypes generated from native Ethiopian horses formed separate clusters. The present result encourages further investigation of the genetic origin of native African horses by retrieving additional mtDNA sequences deposited in the GenBank for African and Eurasian type horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefena Effa
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Addis Ababa P.O. Box 2003, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +251-911-74-83-81
| | - Sonia Rosenbom
- Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO), University of Porto, 4485-661 Vairao, Portugal; (S.R.); (A.B.-P.)
| | - Jianlin Han
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources (JLLFGR), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China;
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa P.O. Box 5689, Ethiopia;
| | - Tadelle Dessie
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa P.O. Box 5689, Ethiopia;
| | - Albano Beja-Pereira
- Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO), University of Porto, 4485-661 Vairao, Portugal; (S.R.); (A.B.-P.)
- DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4485-661 Vila do Conde, Portugal
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Allen WL, Moreno N, Gamble T, Chiari Y. Ecological, behavioral, and phylogenetic influences on the evolution of dorsal color pattern in geckos. Evolution 2020; 74:1033-1047. [PMID: 31886521 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The dorsal surfaces of many taxonomic groups often feature repetitive pattern elements consisting of stripes, spots, or bands. Here, we investigate how distinct categories of camouflage pattern work by relating them to ecological and behavioral traits in 439 species of gecko. We use phylogenetic comparative methods to test outstanding hypotheses based on camouflage theory and research in other taxa. We found that bands are associated with nocturnal activity, suggesting bands provide effective camouflage for motionless geckos resting in refugia during the day. A predicted association between stripes and diurnal activity was not supported, suggesting that stripes do not work via dazzle camouflage mechanisms in geckos. This, along with a lack of support for our prediction that plain patterning should be associated with open habitats, suggests that similar camouflage patterns do not work in consistent ways across taxa. We also found that plain and striped lineages frequently switched between using open or closed habitats, whereas spotted lineages rarely transitioned. This suggests that pattern categories differ in how specialized or generalized their camouflage is. This result has ramifications for theory on how camouflage compromises to background heterogeneity and how camouflage pattern might influence evolutionary trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Allen
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK, SA2 8PP
| | - Nickolas Moreno
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, 36688
| | - Tony Gamble
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53233.,Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, 55113.,Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53233
| | - Ylenia Chiari
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, 36688.,Department of Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, 20110
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Tomé B, Pereira A, Jorge F, Carretero MA, Harris DJ, Perera A. Along for the ride or missing it altogether: exploring the host specificity and diversity of haemogregarines in the Canary Islands. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:190. [PMID: 29554983 PMCID: PMC5859493 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Host-parasite relationships are expected to be strongly shaped by host specificity, a crucial factor in parasite adaptability and diversification. Because whole host communities have to be considered to assess host specificity, oceanic islands are ideal study systems given their simplified biotic assemblages. Previous studies on insular parasites suggest host range broadening during colonization. Here, we investigate the association between one parasite group (haemogregarines) and multiple sympatric hosts (of three lizard genera: Gallotia, Chalcides and Tarentola) in the Canary Islands. Given haemogregarine characteristics and insular conditions, we hypothesized low host specificity and/or occurrence of host-switching events. Methods A total of 825 samples were collected from the three host taxa inhabiting the seven main islands of the Canarian Archipelago, including locations where the different lizards occurred in sympatry. Blood slides were screened to assess prevalence and parasitaemia, while parasite genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships were inferred from 18S rRNA gene sequences. Results Infection levels and diversity of haplotypes varied geographically and across host groups. Infections were found in all species of Gallotia across the seven islands, in Tarentola from Tenerife, La Gomera and La Palma, and in Chalcides from Tenerife, La Gomera and El Hierro. Gallotia lizards presented the highest parasite prevalence, parasitaemia and diversity (seven haplotypes), while the other two host groups (Chalcides and Tarentola) harbored one haplotype each, with low prevalence and parasitaemia levels, and very restricted geographical ranges. Host-sharing of the same haemogregarine haplotype was only detected twice, but these rare instances likely represent occasional cross-infections. Conclusions Our results suggest that: (i) Canarian haemogregarine haplotypes are highly host-specific, which might have restricted parasite host expansion; (ii) haemogregarines most probably reached the Canary Islands in three colonization events with each host genus; and (iii) the high number of parasite haplotypes infecting Gallotia hosts and their restricted geographical distribution suggest co-diversification. These findings contrast with our expectations derived from results on other insular parasites, highlighting how host specificity depends on parasite characteristics and evolutionary history. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2760-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Tomé
- CIBIO, InBIO - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal. .,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Pereira
- CIBIO, InBIO - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Jorge
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Miguel A Carretero
- CIBIO, InBIO - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - D James Harris
- CIBIO, InBIO - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Ana Perera
- CIBIO, InBIO - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
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Brown RP, Woods M, Thorpe RS. Historical volcanism and within-island genetic divergence in the Tenerife skink (Chalcides viridanus). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Thorpe RS. Predictability in evolution: Adaptation of the Bonaire anole (Anolis bonairensis) to an extreme environment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176434. [PMID: 28459829 PMCID: PMC5411080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent to which evolution is deterministic (predictable), or random, is a fundamental question in evolution. This case study attempts to determine the extent to which interspecific divergence can be predicted from intraspecific trends related species. The mountainous Lesser Antilles are occupied by one or two anole species with very substantial intraspecific differences in the quantitative traits between xeric and rainforest habitats. These ecologically determined differences tend to be in parallel in each island species. A related species (Anolis bonairensis) lives on the far more xeric island of Bonaire, and this study tests the extent to which its interspecific divergence in hue and pattern traits can be predicted from the parallel intraspecific variation exhibited in Lesser Antillean anoles. Regression against a multivariate climate variable suggests that the hue and pattern of the Bonaire anole are consistently predicted from the ecologically determined intraspecific variation of its Lesser Antillean relatives. However, this predictability may be less consistent with other character systems, for example, scalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger S. Thorpe
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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8
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de Fuentes-Fernández M, Mercedes Suárez-Rancel M, Molina-Borja M. Variation in body size and morphometric traits of males and females of the wall gecko,Tarentola delalandii(Phyllodactylidae) from different environments on Tenerife. AFR J HERPETOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2016.1234512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María de Fuentes-Fernández
- Grupo de Investigación “Etología y Ecología del Comportamiento”, Depto. Biología Animal, Sección Biología, Fac. Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - María Mercedes Suárez-Rancel
- Depto. de Matemáticas, Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Sección Matemáticas, Fac. Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Miguel Molina-Borja
- Grupo de Investigación “Etología y Ecología del Comportamiento”, Depto. Biología Animal, Sección Biología, Fac. Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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9
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Puppo P, Curto M, Meimberg H. Genetic structure of Micromeria (Lamiaceae) in Tenerife, the imprint of geological history and hybridization on within-island diversification. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:3443-3460. [PMID: 28725348 PMCID: PMC5513284 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Geological history of oceanic islands can have a profound effect on the evolutionary history of insular flora, especially in complex islands such as Tenerife in the Canary Islands. Tenerife results from the secondary connection of three paleo‐islands by a central volcano, and other geological events that further shaped it. This geological history has been shown to influence the phylogenetic history of several taxa, including genus Micromeria (Lamiaceae). Screening 15 microsatellite markers in 289 individuals representing the eight species of Micromeria present in Tenerife, this study aims to assess the genetic diversity and structure of these species and its relation with the geological events on the island. In addition, we evaluate the extent of hybridization among species and discuss its influence on the speciation process. We found that the species restricted to the paleo‐islands present lower levels of genetic diversity but the highest levels of genetic differentiation suggesting that their ranges might have contracted over time. The two most widespread species in the island, M. hyssopifolia and M. varia, present the highest genetic diversity levels and a genetic structure that seems correlated with the geological composition of the island. Samples from M. hyssopifolia from the oldest paleo‐island, Adeje, appear as distinct while samples from M. varia segregate into two main clusters corresponding to the paleo‐islands of Anaga and Teno. Evidence of hybridization and intraspecific migration between species was found. We argue that species boundaries would be retained despite hybridization in response to the habitat's specific conditions causing postzygotic isolation and preserving morphological differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Puppo
- CIBIO Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources/InBio Associated Laboratory University of Porto Campus Vairão Vairão 4485-661 Portugal.,Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences A-1180 Vienna Austria
| | - Manuel Curto
- CIBIO Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources/InBio Associated Laboratory University of Porto Campus Vairão Vairão 4485-661 Portugal.,Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences A-1180 Vienna Austria
| | - Harald Meimberg
- Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences A-1180 Vienna Austria
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Mairal M, Sanmartín I, Aldasoro JJ, Culshaw V, Manolopoulou I, Alarcón M. Palaeo-islands as refugia and sources of genetic diversity within volcanic archipelagos: the case of the widespread endemicCanarina canariensis(Campanulaceae). Mol Ecol 2015; 24:3944-63. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mairal
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC); 28014 Madrid Spain
| | - I. Sanmartín
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC); 28014 Madrid Spain
| | - J. J. Aldasoro
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB); 08038 Barcelona Spain
| | - V. Culshaw
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC); 28014 Madrid Spain
| | | | - M. Alarcón
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB); 08038 Barcelona Spain
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Bartheld JL, Gaitán‐Espitia JD, Artacho P, Salgado‐Luarte C, Gianoli E, Nespolo RF. Energy expenditure and body size are targets of natural selection across a wide geographic range, in a terrestrial invertebrate. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Bartheld
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja Valdivia 5090000 Chile
| | - Juan Diego Gaitán‐Espitia
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja Valdivia 5090000 Chile
| | - Paulina Artacho
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja Valdivia 5090000 Chile
| | | | - Ernesto Gianoli
- Departamento de Biología Universidad de La Serena Casilla 554 La Serena Chile
- Departamento de Botánica Universidad de Concepción Casilla 160‐C Concepción Chile
| | - Roberto F. Nespolo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja Valdivia 5090000 Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES) Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago 6513677 Chile
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Kosťuková M, Černohorská H, Bihuncová I, Oravcová I, Sobotková E, Jiskrová I. Characteristics of Morphological Parameters of Donkeys in the Czech Republic. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201563020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Blair C, Méndez de la Cruz FR, Law C, Murphy RW. Molecular phylogenetics and species delimitation of leaf-toed geckos (Phyllodactylidae: Phyllodactylus) throughout the Mexican tropical dry forest. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 84:254-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Blair C, Jiménez Arcos VH, de la Cruz FRM, Murphy RW. Historical and contemporary demography of leaf-toed geckos (Phyllodactylidae: Phyllodactylus tuberculosus saxatilis) in the Mexican dry forest. CONSERV GENET 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-014-0668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Kosťuková M, Jiskrová I, Sobotková E, Petlachová T, Píšová M, Králová B, Bihuncová I, Černohorská H. Factors influencing the selected body parameters and hippometric indexes in donkey's population. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260060167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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16
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Macías-Hernández N, Bidegaray-Batista L, Emerson BC, Oromí P, Arnedo M. The Imprint of Geologic History on Within-Island Diversification of Woodlouse-Hunter Spiders (Araneae, Dysderidae) in the Canary Islands. J Hered 2013; 104:341-56. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/est008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Huang WS, Lin SM, Dubey S, Pike DA. Predation drives interpopulation differences in parental care expression. J Anim Ecol 2012; 82:429-37. [PMID: 23237108 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Expressing parental care after oviposition or parturition is usually an obligate (evolved) trait within a species, despite evolutionary theory predicting that widespread species should vary in whether or not they express parental care according to local selection pressures. The lizard Eutropis longicaudata expresses maternal care only in a single population throughout its large geographical range, but why this pattern occurs is unknown. We used reciprocal translocation and predator exclusion experiments to test whether this intraspecific variation is a fixed trait within populations and whether predator abundance explains this perplexing pattern. Wild-caught female lizards that were reciprocally translocated consistently guarded or abandoned eggs in line with their population of origin. By contrast, most lizards raised in a common garden environment and subsequently released as adults adopted the maternal care strategy of the recipient population, even when the parents originated from a population lacking maternal care. Egg predation represents a significant fitness cost in the populations where females display egg-guarding behaviour, but guarding eggs outweighs this potential cost by increasing hatching success. These results imply that predators can be a driving force in the expression of parental care in instances where it is normally absent and that local selection pressure is sufficient to cause behavioural divergence in whether or not parental care is expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-San Huang
- Department of Zoology, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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19
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Fitness J, Hitchmough RA, Morgan-Richards M. Little and large: body size and genetic clines in a New Zealand gecko (Woodworthia maculata) along a coastal transect. Ecol Evol 2012; 2:273-85. [PMID: 22423323 PMCID: PMC3298942 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinal variation can result from primary differentiation or secondary contact and determining which of these two processes is responsible for the existence of a cline is not a trivial problem. Samples from a coastal transect of New Zealand geckos (Woodworthia maculata) identified for the first time a body size cline 7–10 km wide. The larger geckos are almost twice the mass of the small adult geckos. Clines in allele and haplotype frequency were found at two of the four genetic loci examined. Estimated width of the morphological cline was concordant with neither the narrower mtDNA cline (3–7 m) nor the wider nuclear cline (RAG-2; 34–42 km), and cline centers were not coincident. Although the body size cline is narrow compared to the entire range of the species, it is 2–3 orders of magnitude greater than estimates of dispersal distance per generation for these geckos. No evidence of assortative mating, nor of hybrid disadvantage was identified, thus there is little evidence to infer that endogenous selection is maintaining a hybrid zone. We cannot distinguish secondary contact from primary origin of this body size cline but conclude that secondary contact is likely due to the occurrence of mtDNA haplotypes from three distinct clades within the coastal transect and the presence of two frequency clines within this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Fitness
- Ecology, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey UniversityPalmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Ecology, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey UniversityPalmerston North, New Zealand
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Cai Y, Yan J, Xu X, Lin Z, Ji X. Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography reveals a west–east division of the northern grass lizard (
Takydromus septentrionalis
) endemic to China. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2012.00655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University
- School of Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, Jiangsu
| | - Jie Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University
| | - Xue‐Feng Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui
| | - Zhi‐Hua Lin
- School of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University
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21
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Kefena E, Beja-Pereira A, Han J, Haile A, Mohammed Y, Dessie T. Eco-geographical structuring and morphological diversities in Ethiopian donkey populations. Livest Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Konuma J, Nagata N, Sota T. Factors determining the direction of ecological specialization in snail-feeding carabid beetles. Evolution 2010; 65:408-18. [PMID: 20977474 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01150.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A stout-slender dimorphism in body shape is observed among carabid beetles of the subtribe Carabina, which feed on land snails. We hypothesized that this dimorphism has resulted from divergent ecological specialization for feeding on different-sized land snails. Therefore, we examined whether the geographic variation in the body shape of Damaster blaptoides, a representative snail-feeding species in Japan, is correlated with the size of Euhadra, a genus of land snails frequently consumed by D. blaptoides. An analysis of beetle specimens from the whole distribution area of D. blaptoides determined that more slender beetle populations occurred in localities harboring larger snails, whereas more stout beetles inhabited localities harboring smaller snails. This pattern could be adaptive because slender beetles exhibit high feeding performance for large snails by inserting their heads into the shells, whereas stout beetles do so for small snails by crushing the shells. The D. blaptoides populations showed a clear genetic isolation-by-distance pattern, which could be effective in promoting such local adaptation. Thus, food resources as well as geographic isolation may have promoted adaptive divergence of external morphology in the snail-feeding carabid beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Konuma
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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23
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Alacs EA, Spencer PBS, de Tores PJ, Krauss SL. Population genetic structure of island and mainland populations of the quokka, Setonix brachyurus (Macropodidae): a comparison of AFLP and microsatellite markers. CONSERV GENET 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-010-0140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Yan J, Wang Q, Chang Q, Ji X, Zhou K. The divergence of two independent lineages of an endemic Chinese gecko, Gekko swinhonis, launched by the Qinling orogenic belt. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:2490-500. [PMID: 20636892 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The genetic structure and demographic history of an endemic Chinese gecko, Gekko swinhonis, were investigated by analysing the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and 10 microsatellite loci for samples collected from 27 localities. Mitochondrial DNA data provided a detailed distribution of two highly divergent evolutionary lineages, between which the average pairwise distance achieved was 0.14. The geographic division of the two lineages coincided with a plate boundary consisting of the Qinling and Taihang Mts, suggesting a historical vicariant pattern. The orogeny of the Qinling Mts, a dispersal and major climatic barrier of the region, may have launched the independent lineage divergence. Both lineages have experienced recent expansion, and the current sympatric localities comprised the region of contact between the lineages. Individual-based phylogenetic analyses of nucDNA and Bayesian-clustering approaches revealed a deep genetic structure analogous to mtDNA. Incongruence between nucDNA and mtDNA at the individual level at localities outside of the contact region can be explained by the different inheritance patterns and male-biased dispersal in this species. High genetic divergence, long-term isolation and ecological adaptation, as well as the morphological differences, suggest the presence of a cryptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
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25
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Rato C, Carranza S, Perera A, Carretero M, Harris D. Conflicting patterns of nucleotide diversity between mtDNA and nDNA in the Moorish gecko, Tarentola mauritanica. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 56:962-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Jackson ND, Austin CC. THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF RIVERS AND REFUGIA GENERATE EXTREME CRYPTIC FRAGMENTATION WITHIN THE COMMON GROUND SKINK (SCINCELLA LATERALIS). Evolution 2010; 64:409-28. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00840.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Geurgas SR, Rodrigues MT. The hidden diversity of Coleodactylus amazonicus (Sphaerodactylinae, Gekkota) revealed by molecular data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 54:583-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 09/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Kameda Y, Kawakita A, Kato M. Reproductive Character Displacement in Genital Morphology in Satsuma Land Snails. Am Nat 2009; 173:689-97. [DOI: 10.1086/597607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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29
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Sakamoto M, Tominaga A, Matsui M, Sakata K, Uchino A. Phylogeography ofHynobius yatsui(Amphibia: Caudata) in Kyushu, Japan. Zoolog Sci 2009; 26:35-47. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.26.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Arnold EN, Vasconcelos R, Harris DJ, Mateo JA, Carranza S. Systematics, biogeography and evolution of the endemicHemidactylusgeckos (Reptilia, Squamata, Gekkonidae) of the Cape Verde Islands: based on morphology and mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. ZOOL SCR 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Sequeira AS, Sijapati M, Lanteri AA, Roque Albelo L. Nuclear and mitochondrial sequences confirm complex colonization patterns and clear species boundaries for flightless weevils in the Galápagos archipelago. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008; 363:3439-51. [PMID: 18765362 PMCID: PMC2607370 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear sequence data were collected from endemic Galápagos species and an introduced close relative, and contrasted with mitochondrial DNA sequences, continuing investigation into the colonization history and modes of diversification in the weevil genus Galapaganus. The current combined phylogeny together with previously published penalized likelihood age estimates builds a complex picture of the archipelago's colonization history. The present reconstruction relies on submerged platforms to explain the early divergence of the young southern Isabela endemics or the Española or San Cristobal populations. Diversity is later built through inter-island divergence starting on older islands and continuing on two simultaneous tracks towards younger islands. The amount of diversity generated through intra-island processes is skewed towards older islands, suggesting that island age significantly influences diversity. Phylogenetic concordance between nuclear and mitochondrial datasets and well-supported monophyletic species in mitochondrial derived topologies appear to reject the possibility of inter-species hybridization. These clear species boundaries might be related to the tight host associations of adult weevils in discrete ecological zones. If shared hosts facilitate hybridization, then host- or habitat-promoted divergences could prevent it, even in the case of species that share islands, since the altitudinal partitioning of habitats minimizes range overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Sequeira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA.
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32
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Sequeira AS, Lanteri AA, Albelo LR, Bhattacharya S, Sijapati M. Colonization history, ecological shifts and diversification in the evolution of endemic Galápagos weevils. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:1089-107. [PMID: 18261050 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA sequence data were obtained for eight species of flightless Galapaganus endemic weevils and one winged close relative in order to study their colonization history and modes of diversification in the Galápagos Archipelago. Contrary to most other insular radiations, the phylogeny estimates we recovered for Galapaganus do not follow the progression rule of island biogeography. The penalized likelihood age estimates of colonization of the archipelago exceed the age of the emerged islands and underscore the potential role of now sunken seamounts for the early evolution of Galapaganus. The phylogeny proposes one intra-island origin for Galapaganus endemics, but monophyly tests suggest a larger contribution of in-situ speciation on older islands. Generalist habitat preferences were reconstructed as ancestral while shifts to highland habitats were reconstructed as having evolved independently on different islands. Magnitudes and patterns of diversification rate were found to differ between older and younger islands. Our analyses reveal that the colonization sequence of islands and timing of colonization of Galapaganus could be linked with the geological and volcanic history of the islands in a rather complex scenario. Even though most islands appear to have been colonized soon after their emergence, there are notable deviations from the pattern of sequential colonization expected under the progression rule when considering only the extant emerged islands. Patterns of diversification rate variation on older and younger islands correspond to the volcanic activity or remnants of such activity, while the pattern of independent evolution of restricted habitat preferences in different islands suggests that habitat shifts could also have contributed to species diversity in Galapaganus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Sequeira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA.
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33
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Richmond JQ, Jockusch EL. Body size evolution simultaneously creates and collapses species boundaries in a clade of scincid lizards. Proc Biol Sci 2008; 274:1701-8. [PMID: 17490944 PMCID: PMC2493581 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2007.0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Speciation is generally viewed as an irreversible process, although habitat alterations can erase reproductive barriers if divergence between ecologically differentiated species is recent. Reversed speciation might also occur if geographical contact is established between species that have evolved the same reproductive isolating barrier in parallel. Here, we demonstrate a loss of intrinsic reproductive isolation in a clade of scincid lizards as a result of parallel body size evolution, which has allowed for gene flow where large-bodied lineages are in secondary contact. An mtDNA phylogeny confirms the monophyly of the Plestiodon skiltonianus species complex, but rejects that of two size-differentiated ecomorphs. Mate compatibility experiments show that the high degree of body size divergence imposes a strong reproductive barrier between the two morphs; however, the strength of the barrier is greatly diminished between parallel-evolved forms. Since two large-bodied lineages are in geographical contact in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, we were also able to test for postzygotic isolation under natural conditions. Analyses of amplified fragment length polymorphisms show that extensive gene exchange is occurring across the contact zone, resulting in an overall pattern consistent with isolation by distance. These results provide evidence of reversed speciation between clades that diverged from a common ancestor more than 12Myr ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Q Richmond
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA.
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34
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Thorpe RS, Jones AG, Malhotra A, Surget-Groba Y. Adaptive radiation in Lesser Antillean lizards: molecular phylogenetics and species recognition in the Lesser Antillean dwarf gecko complex, Sphaerodactylus fantasticus. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:1489-504. [PMID: 18266632 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03686.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The time associated with speciation varies dramatically among lower vertebrates. The nature and timing of divergence is investigated in the fantastic dwarf gecko Sphaerodactylus fantasticus complex, a nominal species that occurs on the central Lesser Antillean island of Guadeloupe and adjacent islands and islets. This is compared to the divergence in the sympatric anole clade from the Anolis bimaculatus group. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of numerous gecko populations from across these islands, based on three mitochondrial DNA genes, reveals several monophyletic groups occupying distinct geographical areas, these being Les Saintes, western Basse Terre plus Dominica, eastern Basse Terre, Grand Terre, and the northern and eastern islands (Montserrat, Marie Galante, Petite Terre, Desirade). Although part of the same nominal species, the molecular divergence within this species complex is extraordinarily high (27% patristic distance between the most divergent lineages) and is compatible with this group occupying the region long before the origin of the younger island arc. Tests show that several quantitative morphological traits are correlated with the phylogeny, but in general the lineages are not uniquely defined by these traits. The dwarf geckos show notably less nominal species-level adaptive radiation than that found in the sympatric southern clade of Anolis bimculatus, although both appear to have occupied the region for a broadly similar period of time. Nevertheless, the dwarf gecko populations on Les Saintes islets are the most morphologically distinct and are recognized as a full species (Sphaerodactylus phyzacinus), as are anoles on Les Saintes (Anolis terraealtae).
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Thorpe
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
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35
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BLOOR P, KEMP SJ, BROWN RP. Recent volcanism and mitochondrial DNA structuring in the lizard Gallotia atlantica from the island of Lanzarote. Mol Ecol 2007; 17:854-66. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Gizaw S, Van Arendonk JAM, Komen H, Windig JJ, Hanotte O. Population structure, genetic variation and morphological diversity in indigenous sheep of Ethiopia. Anim Genet 2007; 38:621-8. [PMID: 18028516 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated genetic and morphological diversity and population structure of 14 traditional sheep populations originating from four ecological zones in Ethiopia (sub-alpine, wet highland, sub-humid lowland and arid lowland). All animals (n = 672) were genotyped for 17 microsatellite markers and scored for 12 morphological characters. The sheep were initially classified as fat-tailed (11 populations), thin-tailed (one population) and fat-rumped sheep (two populations). These classifications are thought to correspond to three consecutive introduction events of sheep from the Near-East into East Africa. For the 14 populations, allelic richness ranged from 5.87 to 7.51 and expected heterozygosity (H(E)) from 0.66 to 0.75. Genetic differentiations (F(ST) values) between all pairs of populations, except between sub-alpine populations, were significantly different from zero (P < 0.001). Cluster analysis of morphological characters and a dendrogram constructed from genetic distances were broadly consistent with the classification into fat-tailed, thin-tailed and fat-rumped sheep. Bayesian cluster analysis using microsatellite markers indicated that there has been further genetic differentiation after the initial introduction of sheep into Ethiopia. Investigation of factors associated with genetic variation showed that an isolation-by-distance model, independently of other factors, explained most of the observed genetic variation. We also obtained a strong indication of adaptive divergence in morphological characters, patterns of morphological variation being highly associated with ecology even when the effect of neutral genetic divergence (F(ST)) was parcelled out in partial Mantel tests. Using a combination of F(ST) values, Bayesian clustering analysis and morphological divergence, we propose a classification of Ethiopian sheep into six breed groups and nine breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gizaw
- Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Center, PO Box 112, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia
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37
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Lia VV, Confalonieri VA, Poggio L. B chromosome polymorphism in maize landraces: adaptive vs. demographic hypothesis of clinal variation. Genetics 2007; 177:895-904. [PMID: 17954923 PMCID: PMC2034652 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.107.075440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic analysis of maize landraces from northwestern Argentina has revealed an altitudinal cline in the mean number of B chromosomes (B's) per plant, with cultivars growing at higher altitudes exhibiting a higher number of B's. Altitudinal and longitudinal clines are frequently interpreted as evidence of selection, however, they can also be produced by the interplay between drift and spatially restricted gene flow or by admixture between previously isolated populations that have come into secondary contact. Here, we test the adaptive significance of the observed altitudinal gradient by comparing the levels of differentiation in the mean number of B's to those obtained from 18 selectively neutral loci [simple sequence repeats (SSRs)] among seven populations of the cline. The adequacy of alternative genetic-differentiation measures was determined, and associations between cytogenetic, genetic, and altitudinal distances were assessed by means of matrix- correspondence tests. No evidence for association between pairwise F(ST) and altitudinal distance or B-chromosome differentiation was found. The contrasting pattern of altitudinal divergence between the mean number of B's per plant and the genetic differentiation at SSR loci indicates that demographic processes cannot account for the observed levels of divergence in the mean number of B's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica V Lia
- Department of Ecology, Genetics, and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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38
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Hodgins KA, Barrett SCH. Population structure and genetic diversity in tristylous Narcissus triandrus: insights from microsatellite and chloroplast DNA variation. Mol Ecol 2007; 16:2317-32. [PMID: 17561893 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated cpDNA sequence and nuclear microsatellite variation among populations of the wild daffodil Narcissus triandrus to examine the role of historical vs. contemporary forces in shaping population structure, morphological differentiation and sexual-system evolution. This wide-ranging heterostylous species of the Iberian Peninsula is largely composed of two allopatric varieties (vars. cernuus and triandrus), and populations with either stylar trimorphism or dimorphism. Dimorphic populations only occur in var. triandrus, are mainly restricted to the northwestern portion of the species range, and uniformly lack the mid-styled morph (M-morph). Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequence variation revealed strong geographical structuring and evidence for a fragmentation event associated with differentiation of the two varieties. In var. triandrus, population fragmentation, restricted gene flow and isolation-by-distance were also inferred. Significant differences in genetic diversity and population structure between the two varieties likely reflect historical and contemporary differences in demography and gene flow among populations. Discordance between cpDNA markers and both microsatellite and morphological variation indicate that hybridization has occurred between the two varieties at contact zones. There were no differences in genetic diversity or population structure between dimorphic and trimorphic populations, and chloroplast haplotypes were not associated with either sexual system, indicating transitions in morph structure within each maternal lineage. M-morph frequencies were positively correlated with differentiation at microsatellite loci, indicating that the evolutionary processes influencing these neutral markers also influence alleles controlling the style morphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Hodgins
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.
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Waters JM, Rowe DL, Apte S, King TM, Wallis GP, Anderson L, Norris RJ, Craw D, Burridge CP. Geological Dates and Molecular Rates: Rapid Divergence of Rivers and Their Biotas. Syst Biol 2007; 56:271-82. [PMID: 17464882 DOI: 10.1080/10635150701313855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We highlight a novel molecular clock calibration system based on geologically dated river reversal and river capture events. Changes in drainage pattern may effect vicariant isolation of freshwater taxa, and thus provide a predictive framework for associated phylogeographic study. As a case in point, New Zealand's Pelorus and Kaituna rivers became geologically isolated from the larger Wairau River system 70 to 130 kyr BP. We conducted mitochondrial DNA phylogeographic analyses of two unrelated freshwater-limited fish taxa native to these river systems (Gobiomorphus breviceps, n = 63; Galaxias divergens, n = 95). Phylogenetic analysis of combined control region and cytochrome b sequences yielded reciprocally monophyletic clades of Pelorus-Kaituna and Wairau haplotypes for each species. Calibrated rates of molecular change based on this freshwater vicariant event are substantially faster than traditionally accepted rates for fishes but consistent with other recent inferences based on geologically young calibration points. A survey of freshwater phylogeographic literature reveals numerous examples in which the ages of recent evolutionary events may have been substantially overestimated through the use of "accepted" calibrations. We recommend that--wherever possible--biologists should start to reassess the conclusions of such studies by using more appropriate molecular calibrations derived from recent geological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Waters
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Morphological and Genetical Differentiation of Lizards (Podarcis bocagei and P. hispanica) in the Ria de Arosa Archipelago (Galicia, Spain) resulting from Vicariance and Occasional Dispersal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6374-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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41
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LI JINGJING, ZHOU KAIYA. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the geckoGekko swinhonisand cross-species amplification in other gekkonid species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01674.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Brown RP, Hoskisson PA, Welton JH, Báez M. Geological history and within-island diversity: a debris avalanche and the Tenerife lizard Gallotia galloti. Mol Ecol 2006; 15:3631-40. [PMID: 17032262 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.03048.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several processes have been described that could explain geographical variation and speciation within small islands, including fragmentation of populations through volcanic eruptions. Massive landslides, or debris avalanches, could cause similar effects. Here we analyse the potential impact of the 0.8 million-year-ago (Ma) Güimar valley debris avalanche on the phylogeography of the lizard Gallotia galloti on the Canary Island of Tenerife. Distributions of mitochondrial DNA lineages (based on cytochrome b sequences) were analysed on a 60-km southeastern coast transect centred on this area. Three main clades were detected, which can be divided into northern (one clade) and southern (two clades) groups that introgress across the valley. Maximum-likelihood estimates of migration rates (scaled for mutation rate) revealed highly asymmetric patterns, indicating that long-term gene flow into this region from both the northern and the southern populations greatly exceeded that in the opposite directions, consistent with recolonization of the area. The ancestral Tenerife node on the G. galloti tree is estimated at 0.80 Ma, matching closely with the geological estimate for the debris avalanche. Morphological variation (body dimensions and scalation) was also analysed and indicated a stepped cline in female scalation across the valley, although the patterns for male scalation and male and female body dimensions were not as clear. Together these findings provide support for the hypothesis that the debris avalanche has shaped the phylogeography of G. galloti and may even have been a primary cause of the within-island cladogenesis through population fragmentation and isolation. Current estimates of timing of island unification mean that the original hypothesis that within-island diversity is explained by the secondary contact of populations from the two ancient precursor islands of Teno and Anaga is less plausible for this and some other Tenerife species. Large-scale landslides have occurred on many volcanic islands, and so may have been instrumental in shaping within-island diversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Brown
- School of Biological & Earth Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
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Harmon L, Gibson R. MULTIVARIATE PHENOTYPIC EVOLUTION AMONG ISLAND AND MAINLAND POPULATIONS OF THE ORNATE DAY GECKO, PHELSUMA ORNATA. Evolution 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2006.tb01894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Toju H, Sota T. Phylogeography and the geographic cline in the armament of a seed-predatory weevil: effects of historical events vs. natural selection from the host plant. Mol Ecol 2006; 15:4161-73. [PMID: 17054510 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.03088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Japanese camellia (Camellia japonica) and its seed predator, the camellia weevil (Curculio camelliae), provide a notable example of a geographic mosaic of coevolution. In the species interaction, the offensive trait of the weevil (rostrum length) and the defensive trait of the plant (pericarp thickness) are involved in a geographically-structured arms race, and these traits and selective pressures acting on the plant defence vary greatly across a geographical landscape. To further explore the geographical structure of this interspecific interaction, we tested whether the geographical variation in the weevil rostrum over an 800-km range along latitude is attributed to local natural selection or constrained by historical (phylogeographical) events of local populations. Phylogeographical analyses of the mitochondrial DNA sequences of the camellia weevil revealed that this species has experienced differentiation into two regions, with a population bottleneck and subsequent range and/or population expansion within each region. Although these phylogeographical factors have affected the variation in rostrum length, analyses of competing factors for the geographical variation revealed that this pattern is primarily determined by the defensive trait of the host plant rather than by the effects of historical events of populations and a climatic factor (annual mean temperature). Thus, our study suggests the overwhelming strength of coevolutionary selection against the effect of historical events, which may have limited local adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Toju
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Guillaumet A, Crochet PA, Godelle B. Phenotypic variation in Galerida larks in Morocco: the role of history and natural selection. Mol Ecol 2006; 14:3809-21. [PMID: 16202098 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The relative influences of history, natural selection and hybridization in shaping phenotypic variation in closely related taxa is a crucial issue in current evolutionary biology. In this study, we used as a model two sibling but paradoxically highly variable species of larks (Galerida theklae and Galerida cristata) of Morocco to separate the impacts of these evolutionary forces. In the former species, variation is manifested mainly in colouration, while in the latter, variation also encompasses bill size and shape. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequencing were used to identify the historical relationships among the subspecies and species. According to our analyses, G. cristata and G. theklae diverged about 3.7 million years ago (Ma), and we found no evidence for a role of hybridization in maintaining their similarity. In G. theklae, there was no further subdivision, while in G. cristata two major mtDNA groups were identified (divergence approximately 1.1 Ma). These two lineages are parapatric and regroup, respectively, the three short-billed subspecies [G. (cristata) cristata] and the two long-billed subspecies [G. (cristata) randonii]. Patterns of morphological variation were then contrasted to this pattern of neutral relationships: we found that G. (c.) cristata was morphologically more similar to G. theklae than to G. (c.) randonii. Overall, these results point towards the prominent role of (i) natural selection and/or phenotypic plasticity in adapting the plumage to local conditions and (ii) natural selection in combination with historical isolation in driving the divergence in size and bill morphology in the crested larks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guillaumet
- Laboratoire Génome, Populations, Interactions, Adaptation, CNRS UMR 5171, Université Montpellier II, C.C. 63, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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Harmon LJ, Gibson R. MULTIVARIATE PHENOTYPIC EVOLUTION AMONG ISLAND AND MAINLAND POPULATIONS OF THE ORNATE DAY GECKO, PHELSUMA ORNATA. Evolution 2006. [DOI: 10.1554/06-347.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Thorpe RS, Leadbeater DL, Pook CE. Molecular clocks and geological dates: cytochrome b of Anolis extremus substantially contradicts dating of Barbados emergence. Mol Ecol 2005; 14:2087-96. [PMID: 15910329 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Even though molecular clocks vary in rate to some extent, they are widely used and very important in a range of evolutionary studies, not least in interpreting cause and colonization in phylogeography. Evolutionists may use island age and emergence to give the earliest possible date for colonization by a species and hence give the lower limit in a molecular clock calibration. The geology of the Lesser Antilles is well studied and Barbados, although composed of some ancient rocks, is thought to have emerged only about 1 million years ago (Ma). The cytochrome b mitochondrial gene is the most widely used gene in vertebrate phylogeography, and generally evolves at a rate of 1-2% per million years (Myr) for poikilothermic vertebrates. Divergence measured across almost all of this gene in the endemic anole (Anolis extremus) reveals a mean patristic distance of approximately 8.3% between this clade and its sister, together with distinct divergence and phylogeographical structure within Barbados. The divergence time, estimated by a range of procedures using four calibration points, is not in the least compatible with the proposed geological time of emergence of Barbados. Hence, either the molecular clock rate does not apply to the Barbadian anole population, or the geological dating of the emergence of Barbados is erroneous. The compatibility of geological times and molecular divergence of this complex on Martinique, together with relative rates tests comparing the rates on Barbados and Martinique, do not suggest atypical clock rates. The question of whether Barbados emerged much earlier than is currently thought, or whether the molecular clock assumptions are inappropriate, remains open.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Thorpe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK.
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Zaldivar-Riveron A, Nieto-Montes de Oca A, Laclette JP. Phylogeny and evolution of dorsal pattern in the Mexican endemic lizard genus Barisia (Anguidae: Gerrhonotinae). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2005.00308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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BLOOR PAUL, BROWN RICHARDP. Morphological variation in Gallotia atlantica from the volcanic island of Lanzarote: subspecies designations and recent lava flows. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00496.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gübitz T, Thorpe RS, Malhotra A. The dynamics of genetic and morphological variation on volcanic islands. Proc Biol Sci 2005; 272:751-7. [PMID: 15870037 PMCID: PMC1602046 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2004.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oceanic archipelagos of volcanic origin have been important in the study of evolution because they provide repeated natural experiments allowing rigorous tests of evolutionary hypotheses. Ongoing volcanism on these islands may, however, affect the evolutionary diversification of species. Analysis of population structure and phylogeographic patterns in island populations can provide insight into evolutionary dynamics on volcanic islands. We analysed genetic and morphological variation in the gecko Tarentola boettgeri on the island of Gran Canaria and compared it with Tarentola delalandii on Tenerife, a neighbouring volcanic island of similar age but distinctly different geological past. Intraspecific divergence of mitochondrial haplotypes indicates long-term persistence of Tarentola on each island, with a phylogeographic signal left by older volcanic events. More recent volcanic eruptions (approximately 0.2 million years ago on Tenerife, approximately 2.2 million years ago on Gran Canaria) have left a signature of population expansion in the population genetic structure, the strength of which depends on the time since the last major volcanic eruption on each island. While these stochastic events have left traces in morphological variation in Tenerife, in Gran Canaria geographical variation was solely associated with environmental variables. This suggests that historically caused patterns in morphology may be overwritten by natural selection within 2 million years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gübitz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
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