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Leitner DF, Mills JD, Pires G, Faustin A, Drummond E, Kanshin E, Nayak S, Askenazi M, Verducci C, Chen BJ, Janitz M, Anink JJ, Baayen JC, Idema S, van Vliet EA, Devore S, Friedman D, Diehl B, Scott C, Thijs R, Wisniewski T, Ueberheide B, Thom M, Aronica E, Devinsky O. Proteomics and Transcriptomics of the Hippocampus and Cortex in SUDEP and High-Risk SUDEP Patients. Neurology 2021; 96:e2639-e2652. [PMID: 33910938 PMCID: PMC8205452 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the molecular signaling pathways underlying sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) and high-risk SUDEP compared to control patients with epilepsy. METHODS For proteomics analyses, we evaluated the hippocampus and frontal cortex from microdissected postmortem brain tissue of 12 patients with SUDEP and 14 with non-SUDEP epilepsy. For transcriptomics analyses, we evaluated hippocampus and temporal cortex surgical brain tissue from patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: 6 low-risk and 8 high-risk SUDEP as determined by a short (<50 seconds) or prolonged (≥50 seconds) postictal generalized EEG suppression (PGES) that may indicate severely depressed brain activity impairing respiration, arousal, and protective reflexes. RESULTS In autopsy hippocampus and cortex, we observed no proteomic differences between patients with SUDEP and those with non-SUDEP epilepsy, contrasting with our previously reported robust differences between epilepsy and controls without epilepsy. Transcriptomics in hippocampus and cortex from patients with surgical epilepsy segregated by PGES identified 55 differentially expressed genes (37 protein-coding, 15 long noncoding RNAs, 3 pending) in hippocampus. CONCLUSION The SUDEP proteome and high-risk SUDEP transcriptome were similar to those in other patients with epilepsy in hippocampus and cortex, consistent with diverse epilepsy syndromes and comorbid conditions associated with SUDEP. Studies with larger cohorts and different epilepsy syndromes, as well as additional anatomic regions, may identify molecular mechanisms of SUDEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique F Leitner
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - James D Mills
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Geoffrey Pires
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Arline Faustin
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Eleanor Drummond
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Evgeny Kanshin
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Shruti Nayak
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Manor Askenazi
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Chloe Verducci
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Bei Jun Chen
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Janitz
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Anink
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes C Baayen
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Idema
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Sasha Devore
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel Friedman
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Beate Diehl
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Catherine Scott
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Roland Thijs
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Beatrix Ueberheide
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Thom
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- From the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center (D.F.L., C.V., S.D., D.F., O.D.), Proteomics Laboratory (E.K., S.N., B.U.), Division of Advanced Research Technologies, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (B.U.), NYU School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.F.L., G.P., A.F., E.D., S.D., D.F., T.W., B.U., O.D.), Center for Cognitive Neurology (G.P., A.F., E.D., T.W.), Department of Pathology (T.W.), and Department of Psychiatry (T.W.), NYU Langone Health and School of Medicine, New York; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (J.D.M., J.J.A., E.A.v.V., E.A.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands; Alzheimer's and Prion Diseases Team (G.P.), Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, UMR 7225, INSERM 1127, Sorbonne University UM75, Paris, France; Brain & Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (E.D.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Biomedical Hosting LLC (M.A.), Arlington, MA; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (B.J.C., M.J.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Amsterdam UMC (J.C.B., S.I.), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (E.A.v.V.), Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (B.D., C.S., M.T.), University College London Institute of Neurology, UK; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (R.T., E.A.), Heemstede, the Netherlands
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