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Kalantar K, Manzano-Román R, Ghani E, Mansouri R, Hatam G, Nguewa P, Rashidi S. Leishmanial apolipoprotein A-I expression: a possible strategy used by the parasite to evade the host's immune response. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:607-613. [PMID: 33998267 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) represents the main component of the Trypanosome lytic factor (TLF) which contributes to the host innate immunity against Trypanosoma and Leishmania. These parasites use complex and multiple strategies such as molecular mimicry to evade or subvert the host immune system. Previous studies have highlighted the adaptation mechanisms of TLF-resistant Trypanosoma species. These data might support the hypothesis that Leishmania parasites (amastigote forms in macrophages) might express apo A-I to bypass and escape from TLF action as a component of the host innate immune responses. The anti-inflammatory property of apo A-I is another mechanism that supports our idea that apo A-I may play a role in Leishmania parasites allowing them to bypass the host innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Raúl Manzano-Román
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Esmaeel Ghani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Reza Mansouri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hatam
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Paul Nguewa
- Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, University of Navarra, ISTUN Instituto de Salud Tropical, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), c/ Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Sajad Rashidi
- Department of Parasitology & Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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2
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Akya A, Farasat A, Ghadiri K, Rostamian M. Identification of HLA-I restricted epitopes in six vaccine candidates of Leishmania tropica using immunoinformatics and molecular dynamics simulation approaches. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 75:103953. [PMID: 31284043 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In spite of numerous studies on vaccination for various species of Leishmania, research on the development of an effective vaccine for L. tropica is very scarce. In silico epitope prediction is a new way to survey the best vaccine candidates. Here, we predicted the best epitopes of six L. tropica antigens with vaccine capability against this pathogen, using highly frequent HLA-I alleles. Based on the frequent HLA alleles, the protein sequences were screened individually using four different MHC prediction applications, namely SYFPEITHI, ProPredI, BIMAS, and IEDB. Several in silico assays including clustering, human similarity exclusion, epitope conservancy prediction, investigating in experimental records, immunogenicity prediction, and prediction of population coverage were performed to narrow the results and to find the best epitopes. The selected epitopes and their restricted HLA-I alleles were docked and the final epitopes with the lowest binding energy (the highest binding affinity) were chosen. Finally, the stability and the binding properties of the best epitope-HLA-I combinations were analyzed using molecular dynamics simulation studies. We found ten potential peptides with strong binding affinity to highly frequent HLA-I alleles that can be further evaluated as vaccine targets against L. tropica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Akya
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Farasat
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Keyghobad Ghadiri
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mosayeb Rostamian
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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3
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De Brito RCF, Cardoso JMDO, Reis LES, Vieira JF, Mathias FAS, Roatt BM, Aguiar-Soares RDDO, Ruiz JC, Resende DDM, Reis AB. Peptide Vaccines for Leishmaniasis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1043. [PMID: 29868006 PMCID: PMC5958606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to an increase in the incidence of leishmaniases worldwide, the development of new strategies such as prophylactic vaccines to prevent infection and decrease the disease have become a high priority. Classic vaccines against leishmaniases were based on live or attenuated parasites or their subunits. Nevertheless, the use of whole parasite or their subunits for vaccine production has numerous disadvantages. Therefore, the use of Leishmania peptides to design more specific vaccines against leishmaniases seems promising. Moreover, peptides have several benefits in comparison with other kinds of antigens, for instance, good stability, absence of potentially damaging materials, antigen low complexity, and low-cost to scale up. By contrast, peptides are poor immunogenic alone, and they need to be delivered correctly. In this context, several approaches described in this review are useful to solve these drawbacks. Approaches, such as, peptides in combination with potent adjuvants, cellular vaccinations, adenovirus, polyepitopes, or DNA vaccines have been used to develop peptide-based vaccines. Recent advancements in peptide vaccine design, chimeric, or polypeptide vaccines and nanovaccines based on particles attached or formulated with antigenic components or peptides have been increasingly employed to drive a specific immune response. In this review, we briefly summarize the old, current, and future stands on peptide-based vaccines, describing the disadvantages and benefits associated with them. We also propose possible approaches to overcome the related weaknesses of synthetic vaccines and suggest future guidelines for their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory C F De Brito
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas/CiPharma, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Jamille M De O Cardoso
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Levi E S Reis
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas/CiPharma, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Joao F Vieira
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando A S Mathias
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Bruno M Roatt
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas/CiPharma, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Dian D O Aguiar-Soares
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Jeronimo C Ruiz
- Grupo Informática de Biossistemas e Genômica, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela de M Resende
- Grupo Informática de Biossistemas e Genômica, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre B Reis
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas/CiPharma, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
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4
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Llanes A, Restrepo CM, Lleonart R. VianniaTopes: a database of predicted immunogenic peptides for Leishmania (Viannia) species. Database (Oxford) 2018; 2018:5144431. [PMID: 30358842 PMCID: PMC6201054 DOI: 10.1093/database/bay111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania is a protozoan parasite causing several disease presentations collectively known as leishmaniasis. Pathogenic species of Leishmania are divided into two subgenera, L. (Leishmania) and L. (Viannia). Species belonging to the Viannia subgenus have only been reported in Central and South America. These species predominantly cause cutaneous leishmaniasis, but in some cases, parasites can migrate to the nasopharyngeal area and cause a highly disfiguring mucocutaneous presentation. Despite intensive efforts, no effective antileishmanial vaccine is available for use in humans, although a few candidates mainly designed for L. (Leishmania) species are now in clinical trials. After sequencing the genome of Leishmania panamensis, we noticed a high degree of sequence divergence among several orthologous proteins from both subgenera. Consequently, some of the previously published candidates may not work properly for species of the Viannia subgenus. To help in vaccine design, we predicted CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes in the theoretical proteomes of four strains belonging to the Viannia subgenus. Prediction was performed with at least two independent bioinformatics tools, using the most frequent human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II alleles in the affected geographic area. Although predictions resulted in millions of peptides, relatively few of them were predicted to bind to several MHC alleles and can therefore be considered promiscuous epitopes. Comparison of our results to previous applications to species of the Leishmania subgenus confirmed that approximately half of the reported candidates are not present in Viannia proteins with a threshold of 80% sequence similarity and coverage. However, our prediction methodology was able to predict 70-100% of the candidates that could be found in Viannia. All the prediction data generated in this study are publicly available in an interactive database called VianniaTopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Llanes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Ciudad del Saber, Panama City, Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India
| | - Carlos Mario Restrepo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Ciudad del Saber, Panama City, Panama
| | - Ricardo Lleonart
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Ciudad del Saber, Panama City, Panama
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5
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Agallou M, Athanasiou E, Koutsoni O, Dotsika E, Karagouni E. Experimental Validation of Multi-Epitope Peptides Including Promising MHC Class I- and II-Restricted Epitopes of Four Known Leishmania infantum Proteins. Front Immunol 2014; 5:268. [PMID: 24959167 PMCID: PMC4051127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a significant worldwide health problem for which no vaccine exists. Activation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells is crucial for the generation of protective immunity against parasite. Recent trend in vaccine design has been shifted to epitope-based vaccines that are more specific, safe, and easy to produce. In the present study, four known antigenic Leishmania infantum proteins, cysteine peptidase A (CPA), histone H1, KMP-11, and Leishmania eukaryotic initiation factor (LeIF) were analyzed for the prediction of binding epitopes to H2(d) MHC class I and II molecules, using online available algorithms. Based on in silico analysis, eight peptides including highly scored MHC class I- and II-restricted epitopes were synthesized. Peptide immunogenicity was validated in MHC compatible BALB/c mice immunized with each synthetic peptide emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant/incomplete Freund's adjuvant. CPA_p2, CPA_p3, H1_p1, and LeIF_p6 induced strong spleen cell proliferation upon in vitro peptide re-stimulation. In addition, the majority of the peptides, except of LeIF_p1 and KMP-11_p1, induced IFN-γ secretion, while KMP-11_p1 indicated a suppressive effect on IL-10 production. CPA_p2, CPA_p3, LeIF_p3, and LeIF_p6 induced IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells indicating a TH1-type response. In addition, CPA_p2, CPA_p3, and H1_p1 induced also the induction of CD8(+) T cells. The induction of peptide-specific IgG in immunized mice designated also the existence of B cell epitopes in peptide sequences. Combining immunoinformatic tools and experimental validation, we demonstrated that CPA_p2, CPA_p3, H1_p1, H1_p3, CPA_p2, LeIF_p3, and LeIF_p6 are likely to include potential epitopes for the induction of protective cytotoxic and/or TH1-type immune responses supporting the feasibility of peptide-based vaccine development for leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Agallou
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute , Athens , Greece
| | - Evita Athanasiou
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute , Athens , Greece
| | - Olga Koutsoni
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute , Athens , Greece
| | - Eleni Dotsika
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute , Athens , Greece
| | - Evdokia Karagouni
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute , Athens , Greece
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6
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Singh B, Sundar S. Leishmaniasis: vaccine candidates and perspectives. Vaccine 2012; 30:3834-42. [PMID: 22475861 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania is a protozoan parasite and a causative agent of the various clinical forms of leishmaniasis. High cost, resistance and toxic side effects of traditional drugs entail identification and development of therapeutic alternatives. The sound understanding of parasite biology is key for identifying novel drug targets, that can induce the cell mediated immunity (mainly CD4+ and CD8+ IFN-gamma mediated responses) polarized towards a Th1 response. These aspects are important in designing a new vaccine along with the consideration of the candidates with respect to their ability to raise memory response in order to improve the vaccine performance. This review is an effort to identify molecules according to their homology with the host and their ability to be used as potent vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Singh
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, UP, India
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7
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Agallou M, Margaroni M, Karagouni E. Cellular vaccination with bone marrow-derived dendritic cells pulsed with a peptide of Leishmania infantum KMP-11 and CpG oligonucleotides induces protection in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis. Vaccine 2011; 29:5053-64. [PMID: 21569815 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with defined Leishmania antigens could be a potential immune intervention tool for the induction of protection against infection. In the present study, bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs) pulsed ex vivo with the peptide 12-31aa portion of kinetoplastid membrane protein (KMP)-11 (KMP-11(12-31aa) peptide) acquired a semimature phenotype expressing IL-12 and IL-10, whereas pulsing with the combination of the peptide and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) resulted in their functional maturation expressing mainly IL-12. Vaccination of genetically susceptible to parasite BALB/c mice with both peptide-pulsed BM-DCs elicited a peptide-specific mixed Th1/Th2 immune response, characterized by the production of IFNγ, IL-10 and IgG1 and IgG2a isotype antibodies. However, only BM-DCs pulsed with the combination of KMP-11(12-31aa) peptide and CpG ODNs induced the differentiation of peptide-specific Th17 cells, indicating the adjuvanticity of CpG ODNs. When BALB/c mice were vaccinated with KMP-11(12-31aa) peptide-pulsed BM-DCs, they exhibited only partial protection against Leishmania infantum challenge, whereas (KMP-11(12-31aa) peptide+CpG ODNs)-pulsed BM-DCs reduced efficiently the parasite load in visceral organs. Protective immunity was correlated with restoration of lymphoproliferative responses and a modulation of parasite-specific cellular responses towards Th1 and Th17 profile, confirmed by the isotype switching towards IgG2a, the enhanced production of IFNγ against IL-10, the absence of TGF-β and the overproduction of IL-17. Thus, ex vivo antigen-pulsed BM-DCs represent a powerful tool for the study of protective immune responses against leishmanial infection. Moreover, these findings suggest the use of BM-DCs as effective tools in antigen and adjuvant screening in the design of a protective vaccine against leishmaniasis and other pathogen-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Agallou
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vas. Sofias Ave., 115 21 Athens, Greece
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8
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Silveira FT, Lainson R, De Castro Gomes CM, Laurenti MD, Corbett CEP. Immunopathogenic competences of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis and L. (L.) amazonensis in American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Parasite Immunol 2009; 31:423-31. [PMID: 19646206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2009.01116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The immunopathogenic competences of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis and L. (L.) amazonensis were reviewed in the light of more recent features found in the clinical and immunopathological spectrum of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. It was shown a dichotomy in the interaction between these Leishmania species and human T-cell immune response; while L. (V.) braziliensis shows a clear tendency to lead infection from the localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL), a moderate T-cell hypersensitivity form at the centre of the spectrum, toward to the mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) at the T-cell hypersensitivity pole and with a prominent Th1-type immune response, L. (L.) amazonensis shows an opposite tendency, leading infection to the anergic diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (ADCL) at the T-cell hyposensitivity pole and with a marked Th2-type immune response. Between the central LCL and the two polar MCL and ADCL, the infection can present an intermediary form known as borderline disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis, characterized by an incomplete inhibition of T-cell hypersensitivity but with a evident supremacy of Th1 over Th2 immune response (Th1 > or = Th2). These are probably the main immunopathogenic competences of L. (V.) braziliensis and L. (L.) amazonensis regarding the immune response dichotomy that modulates human infection outcome by these Leishmania parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T Silveira
- Parasitology Department, Evandro Chagas Institute (Surveillance Secretary of Health, Ministry of Health), 66090-000, Belém, Pará State, Brazil.
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9
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Chenik M, Lakhal S, Ben Khalef N, Zribi L, Louzir H, Dellagi K. Approaches for the identification of potential excreted/secreted proteins of Leishmania major parasites. Parasitology 2006; 132:493-509. [PMID: 16388694 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182005009546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2005] [Revised: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 10/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania parasites are able to survive in host macrophages despite the harsh phagolysosomal vacuoles conditions. This could reflect, in part, their capacity to secrete proteins that may play an essential role in the establishment of infection and serve as targets for cellular immune responses. To characterize Leishmania major proteins excreted/secreted early after promastigote entry into the host macrophage, we have generated antibodies against culture supernatants of stationary-phase promastigotes collected 6 h after incubation in conditions that partially reproduce those prevailing in the parasitophorous vacuole. The screening of an L. major cDNA library with these antibodies led us to isolate 33 different cDNA clones that we report here. Sequence analysis revealed that the corresponding proteins could be classified in 3 groups: 9 proteins have been previously described as excreted/secreted in Leishmania and/or other species; 11 correspond to known proteins already characterized in Leishmania and/or other species although it is unknown whether they are excreted/secreted and 13 code for unknown proteins. Interestingly, the latter are transcribed as shown by RT-PCR and some of them are stage regulated. The L. major excreted/secreted proteins may constitute putative virulence factors, vaccine candidates and/or new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chenik
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Leishmaniasis, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie, Vaccinologie et Génétique Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur 1002 Tunis-Belvédére, Tunisia.
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10
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Gabriela D, Carlos PL, Clara S, Elkin PM. Phenotypical and functional characterization of non-human primate Aotus spp. dendritic cells and their use as a tool for characterizing immune response to protein antigens. Vaccine 2005; 23:3386-95. [PMID: 15837362 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.01.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2004] [Revised: 01/14/2005] [Accepted: 01/17/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A population of cells exhibiting bona fide dendritic cell (DC) morphological and functional characteristics was obtained by treating Aotus spp. monocytes with human IL-4 and GM-CSF. Although the purity of mature DCs was relatively low IL-4/GM-CSF-treated monocytes (hereafter called Aotus spp. DCs) down-regulated CD14 and up-regulated discrete levels of CD80, MHC-Class II and CD1b molecules in response to different maturation stimuli. Aotus spp. DCs generated a potent allogeneic in vitro response evidenced in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) where DCs were 2- to 10-fold more efficient than peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Aotus spp. DC ability to boost T-cells or priming naive T-cells in vivo was proved by vaccinating Aotus spp. with autologous DCs pulsed with tetanus toxoid (TT). A single dose of TT-pulsed DCs was sufficient to increase cellular response to TT in these experiments as assessed by lymphoproliferation and cytokine production. Since Aotus spp. represents a suitable animal model for evaluating anti-Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine, the results shown here suggest that using antigen-pulsed Aotus spp. DCs as vaccines might lead to identifying new prospects for malarial vaccines unidentified to date because they are being formulated in less efficient adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delgado Gabriela
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50, No. 26-00, Bogotá, Colombia
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11
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Castillo F, Guerrero C, Trujillo E, Delgado G, Martinez P, Salazar LM, Barato P, Patarroyo ME, Parra-López C. Identifying and structurally characterizing CD1b in Aotus nancymaae owl monkeys. Immunogenetics 2004; 56:480-9. [PMID: 15365647 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-004-0716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2004] [Revised: 07/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the molecular characterization and tissue expression of the non-human Aotus nancymaae primate CD1b isoform in the search for an experimental animal model to be used in evaluating the role of non-peptide antigen-presentation molecules in the immune response to infectious agents. CD1b expression on the surface of A. nancymaae peripheral blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells, shown by flow cytometry, was made possible by using human CD1b isoform antibodies. Studying the expression of CD1b-encoded transcripts revealed this molecule's broad distribution in several tissues. The A. nancymaae CD1b transcript-encoded amino-acid sequence showed 95.5% identity with the human sequence. Such high sequence homology was reflected in the identical structural conservation of how pockets A', C' and F' and tunnel T' conforming the antigen's binding site are organized, the similar arrangement of those amino-acids interacting with the T-cell receptor (TCR) during antigen presentation, and the conservation of YQNI-motif sequence in the cytoplasmatic tail (responsible for the molecule's intracellular trafficking in humans). Comparing the structure of human CD1a and CD1b and mouse CD1d proteins with CD1b structure in A. nancymaae obtained by minimization revealed that changes in the latter molecule's alpha1 and alpha2 domains imposed a narrowing of the antigen-binding groove in A. nancymaae CD1b. The high structural similarity between A. nancymaae CD1b and that from humans presented in this study leads to A. nancymaae being proposed as a suitable experimental animal model for analyzing CD1b in vivo, mainly in bacterial and parasite infections such as tuberculosis and malaria, respectively.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation
- Antigens, CD1/chemistry
- Antigens, CD1/genetics
- Antigens, CD1/metabolism
- Aotidae
- Binding Sites
- Cloning, Molecular
- Conserved Sequence
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Monocytes/cytology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Folding
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Castillo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunologia de Colombia and Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 50 No 26-00, Bogotá DC, Colombia
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