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Beristain‐Covarrubias N, Canche‐Pool E, Gomez‐Diaz R, Sanchez‐Torres LE, Ortiz‐Navarrete V. Reduced iNKT cells numbers in type 1 diabetes patients and their first-degree relatives. Immun Inflamm Dis 2015; 3:411-9. [PMID: 26734463 PMCID: PMC4693717 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by the specific destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells have been associated with development of T1D. Class I MHC-restricted T cell-associated molecule (CRTAM) is expressed on activated iNKT, CD8(+), and CD4(+) T cells, and it is associated with the pro-inflammatory profiles of these cells. Crtam gene expression in CD3(+) lymphocytes from non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice is associated with T1D onset. However, expression of CRTAM on T cells from patients with T1D has not yet been evaluated. We compared iNKT cell (CD3(+)Vα24(+)Vβ11(+)) numbers and CRTAM expression in a Mexican population with recent-onset T1D and their first-degree relatives with control families. Remarkably, we found lower iNKT cell numbers in T1D families, and we identified two iNKT cell populations in some of the families. One iNKT cell population expressed high iTCR levels (iNKT(hi)), whereas another expressed low levels (iNKT(lo)) and also expressed CRTAM. These findings support a probable genetic determinant of iNKT cell numbers and a possible role for these cells in T1D development. This study also suggests that CRTAM identifies recently activated iNKT lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elsy Canche‐Pool
- Immunology LaboratoryCenter for Regional Investigations “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”MéridaMexico
- Department of Immunology, National School of Biological ScienceNational Polytechnic InstituteMexico CityMexico
| | - Rita Gomez‐Diaz
- Research Unit on Clinical Epidemiology (UMAE), Specialty Hospital, National Medical CenterMexican Social Security InstituteMexico CityMexico
| | - Luvia E. Sanchez‐Torres
- Department of Immunology, National School of Biological ScienceNational Polytechnic InstituteMexico CityMexico
| | - Vianney Ortiz‐Navarrete
- Department of Molecular BiomedicineCenter for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV)Mexico CityMexico
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2
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Orchestration of membrane receptor signaling by membrane lipids. Biochimie 2015; 113:111-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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3
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Hanaoka N, Jabri B, Dai Z, Ciszewski C, Stevens AM, Yee C, Nakakuma H, Spies T, Groh V. NKG2D initiates caspase-mediated CD3zeta degradation and lymphocyte receptor impairments associated with human cancer and autoimmune disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:5732-42. [PMID: 20926796 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Deficiencies of the T cell and NK cell CD3ζ signaling adapter protein in patients with cancer and autoimmune diseases are well documented, but mechanistic explanations are fragmentary. The stimulatory NKG2D receptor on T and NK cells mediates tumor immunity but can also promote local and systemic immune suppression in conditions of persistent NKG2D ligand induction that include cancer and certain autoimmune diseases. In this paper, we provide evidence that establishes a causative link between CD3ζ impairment and chronic NKG2D stimulation due to pathological ligand expression. We describe a mechanism whereby NKG2D signaling in human T and NK cells initiates Fas ligand/Fas-mediated caspase-3/-7 activation and resultant CD3ζ degradation. As a consequence, the functional capacities of the TCR, the low-affinity Fc receptor for IgG, and the NKp30 and NKp46 natural cytotoxicity receptors, which all signal through CD3ζ, are impaired. These findings are extended to ex vivo phenotypes of T and NK cells among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and in peripheral blood from patients with juvenile-onset lupus. Collectively, these results indicate that pathological NKG2D ligand expression leads to simultaneous impairment of multiple CD3ζ-dependent receptor functions, thus offering an explanation that may be applicable to CD3ζ deficiencies associated with diverse disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyoshi Hanaoka
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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4
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Warchoł T, Piotrowski P, Lianeri M, Cieślak D, Wudarski M, Hrycaj P, Lacki JK, Jagodziński PP. The CD3Z 844 T>A polymorphism within the 3'-UTR of CD3Z confers increased risk of incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 74:68-72. [PMID: 19422667 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a family-based association analysis showed that the haplotype carrying a low expression of the variant CD3Z 844 T>A (rs1052231) polymorphism located in the 3'-untranslated region of CD3Z predisposes to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) incidence. We analyzed the prevalence of the CD3Z 844 T>A polymorphism in SLE patients (n = 152) and controls (n = 304) in Poland. We observed that women with the CD3Z AA and CD3Z AT genotypes exhibited a 1.845-fold increased risk of SLE [95% confidence intervals (95% CI) = 1.222-2.787, P = 0.0038]. However, we did not find an increased risk for the homozygous CD3Z AA genotype (odds ratio = 1.204, 95% CI = 0.2838-5.108, P = 1.0000). This observation confers that genetic factors causing a decreased level of CD3-zeta in T cells may predispose to SLE incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Warchoł
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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5
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Gorman CL, Russell AI, Zhang Z, Cunninghame Graham D, Cope AP, Vyse TJ. Polymorphisms in the CD3Z gene influence TCRzeta expression in systemic lupus erythematosus patients and healthy controls. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:1060-70. [PMID: 18178846 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.2.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
TCRzeta (CD247) functions as an amplification module in the TCR signaling cascade and is essential for assembly and surface expression of the TCR/CD3 complex. The TCRzeta-chain is down-regulated in many chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is unclear whether reduced TCRzeta expression is a cause or a consequence of chronic inflammatory responses. We have addressed this question by adopting a combined genetic and functional approach. We analyzed TCRzeta protein expression using a FACS-based expression index and documented considerable, but longitudinally stable, variation in TCRzeta expression in healthy individuals. The variation in TCRzeta expression was associated with polymorphisms in the CD3Z 3'-untranslated region (UTR) in SLE patients and healthy controls. Detailed mapping of the 3'-UTR revealed that the minor alleles of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in strong disequilibrium (rs1052230 and rs1052231) were the causal variants associated with low TCRzeta expression (p=0.015). Using allelic imbalance analysis, the minor alleles of these 3'-UTR SNPs were associated with one-third of the level of mRNA compared with the major allele. A family-based association analysis showed that the haplotype carrying the low-expression variants predisposes to SLE (p=0.033). This suggests that a genetically determined reduction in TCRzeta expression has functional consequences manifested by systemic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Gorman
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, UK.
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6
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Krishnan S, Kiang JG, Fisher CU, Nambiar MP, Nguyen HT, Kyttaris VC, Chowdhury B, Rus V, Tsokos GC. Increased caspase-3 expression and activity contribute to reduced CD3zeta expression in systemic lupus erythematosus T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:3417-23. [PMID: 16116236 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.5.3417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
T cells isolated from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) express low levels of CD3zeta-chain, a critical molecule involved in TCR-mediated signaling, but the involved mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study we examined caspase-3 as a candidate for cleaving CD3zeta in SLE T cells. We demonstrate that SLE T cells display increased expression and activity of caspase-3. Treatment of SLE T cells with the caspase-3 inhibitor Z-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-FMK reduced proteolysis of CD3zeta and enhanced its expression. In addition, Z-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-FMK treatment increased the association of CD3zeta with lipid rafts and simultaneously reversed the abnormal lipid raft preclustering, heightened TCR-induced calcium responses, and reduced the expression of FcRgamma-chain exclusively in SLE T cells. We conclude that caspase-3 inhibitors can normalize SLE T cell function by limiting the excessive digestion of CD3zeta-chain and suggest that such molecules can be considered in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Krishnan
- Department of Cellular Injury, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910-7500, USA
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Lauritsen JPH, Bonefeld CM, von Essen M, Nielsen MW, Rasmussen AB, Ødum N, Dietrich J, Geisler C. Masking of the CD3 gamma di-leucine-based motif by zeta is required for efficient T-cell receptor expression. Traffic 2005; 5:672-84. [PMID: 15296492 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2004.00211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The T-cell receptor (TCR) is a multimeric receptor composed of the Ti alpha beta heterodimer and the noncovalently associated CD3 gamma delta epsilon and zeta(2) chains. All of the TCR chains are required for efficient cell surface expression of the TCR. Previous studies on chimeric molecules containing the di-leucine-based endocytosis motif of the TCR subunit CD3 gamma have indicated that the zeta chain can mask this motif. In this study, we show that successive truncations of the cytoplasmic tail of zeta led to reduced surface expression levels of completely assembled TCR complexes. The reduced TCR expression levels were caused by an increase in the TCR endocytic rate constant in combination with an unaffected exocytic rate constant. Furthermore, the TCR degradation rate constant was increased in cells with truncated zeta. Introduction of a CD3 gamma chain with a disrupted di-leucine-based endocytosis motif partially restored TCR expression in cells with truncated zeta chains, indicating that the zeta chain masks the endocytosis motif in CD3 gamma and thereby stabilizes TCR cell surface expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Peter H Lauritsen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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von Essen M, Bonefeld CM, Siersma V, Rasmussen AB, Lauritsen JPH, Nielsen BL, Geisler C. Constitutive and Ligand-Induced TCR Degradation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:384-93. [PMID: 15210797 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.1.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of TCR expression levels is a central event during T cell development and activation, and it probably plays an important role in adjusting T cell responsiveness. Conflicting data have been published on down-regulation and degradation rates of the individual TCR subunits, and several divergent models for TCR down-regulation and degradation have been suggested. The aims of this study were to determine the rate constants for constitutive and ligand-induced TCR degradation and to determine whether the TCR subunits segregate or are processed as an intact unit during TCR down-regulation and degradation. We found that the TCR subunits in nonstimulated Jurkat cells were degraded with rate constants of approximately 0.0011 min(-1), resulting in a half-life of approximately 10.5 h. Triggering of the TCR by anti-TCR Abs resulted in a 3-fold increase in the degradation rate constants to approximately 0.0033 min(-1), resulting in a half-life of approximately 3.5 h. The subunits of the TCR complex were down-regulated from the cell surface and degraded with identical kinetics, and most likely remained associated during the passage throughout the endocytic pathway from the cell surface to the lysosomes. Similar results were obtained in studies of primary human Vbeta8+ T cells stimulated with superantigen. Based on these results, the simplest model for TCR internalization, sorting, and degradation is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina von Essen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biostatistics, The Panum Institute, Building 22.5, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3C, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Schrum AG, Turka LA, Palmer E. Surface T-cell antigen receptor expression and availability for long-term antigenic signaling. Immunol Rev 2003; 196:7-24. [PMID: 14617194 DOI: 10.1046/j.1600-065x.2003.00083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
It is important to understand how T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) engagement and signaling are regulated throughout an immune response. This review examines the dynamics of surface TCR expression and signaling capacity during thymic and effector T-cell development. Although the TCR can undergo vast changes in surface expression, T cells remain capable of sustaining TCR engagement for long periods of time. This may be achieved by a combination of mechanisms that involve (a) controlling the quantity of surface TCR available for ligand interaction and (b) controlling the quality of surface TCR expression during T-cell activation. TCR signaling itself appears to be one of the main quantitative modulators of surface TCR expression, and it can cause both downregulation and upregulation at different times of T-cell activation. Recent studies indicate that the degree of upregulation is tunable by the strength of antigenic stimulation. There is evidence that qualitatively distinct forms of the TCR exist, and their potential role in sustained antigenic signaling is also discussed. A goal of future studies will be to better characterize these modulations in surface TCR expression and to clarify their impact on the regulation of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G Schrum
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, Department of Research, University Hospital-Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Ceramide and its derivatives have been implicated in cellular activation, differentiation, survival and death. Although the main biological function of ceramide appears to be linked to its potency to induce cell death, its actual relevance as a regulator of cell death has been the subject of controversial discussions. Here, we discuss the significance of ceramide in T-cell biology, with special emphasis on the regulation of T-cell receptor expression, growth arrest, costimulation and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Adam
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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