1
|
Tossetta G, Piani F, Borghi C, Marzioni D. Role of CD93 in Health and Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1778. [PMID: 37443812 PMCID: PMC10340406 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CD93 (also known as complement protein 1 q subcomponent receptor C1qR1 or C1qRp), is a transmembrane glycoprotein encoded by a gene located on 20p11.21 and composed of 652 amino acids. CD93 can be present in two forms: soluble (sCD93) and membrane-bound (CD93). CD93 is mainly expressed on endothelial cells, where it plays a key role in promoting angiogenesis both in physiology and disease, such as age-related macular degeneration and tumor angiogenesis. In fact, CD93 is highly expressed in tumor-associated vessels and its presence correlates with a poor prognosis, poor immunotherapy response, immune cell infiltration and high tumor, node and metastasis (TNM) stage in many cancer types. CD93 is also expressed in hematopoietic stem cells, cytotrophoblast cells, platelets and many immune cells, i.e., monocytes, neutrophils, B cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Accordingly, CD93 is involved in modulating important inflammatory-associated diseases including systemic sclerosis and neuroinflammation. Finally, CD93 plays a role in cardiovascular disease development and progression. In this article, we reviewed the current literature regarding the role of CD93 in modulating angiogenesis, inflammation and tumor growth in order to understand where this glycoprotein could be a potential therapeutic target and could modify the outcome of the abovementioned pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Federica Piani
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Heart, Chest and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (C.B.)
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Heart, Chest and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (C.B.)
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Piani F, Tossetta G, Cara-Fuentes G, Agnoletti D, Marzioni D, Borghi C. Diagnostic and Prognostic Role of CD93 in Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:910. [PMID: 37371490 PMCID: PMC10296080 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 93 (also known as complement protein 1 q subcomponent receptor C1qR1 or C1qRp) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that can also be present in a soluble (sCD93) form. Recent studies have investigated the role of this protein in cardiovascular disease (CVD). The present systematic review aims to assess the associations between CD93 and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and disease at both the proteomic and genomic levels. METHODS We conducted systematic searches in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases to identify all human studies since inception to February 2023 that investigated the role of CD93 in CV risk factors, CVD, and CV-associated outcomes. The data collection and analysis have been independently conducted by two reviewers. The search terms included: cardiovascular, heart failure, acute stroke, myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral artery disease, cardiovascular death, MACE, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, hyperuricemia, diabetes, cd93, c1qr, C1qR1, complement protein 1 q subcomponent receptor. RESULTS A total of 182 references were identified, and 15 studies investigating the associations between CD93 protein levels or CD93 genetic polymorphisms and the development or prevalence of CV risk factors (i.e., hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity) and CVD (i.e., heart failure, coronary artery disease, and ischemic stroke) were included. Although promising, the quality and dimension of the analyzed studies do not allow for a definitive answer to the question of whether CD93 may hold diagnostic and prognostic value in CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Piani
- Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.A.); (C.B.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Gabriel Cara-Fuentes
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Davide Agnoletti
- Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.A.); (C.B.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (D.A.); (C.B.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khan KA, McMurray JL, Mohammed F, Bicknell R. C-type lectin domain group 14 proteins in vascular biology, cancer and inflammation. FEBS J 2019; 286:3299-3332. [PMID: 31287944 PMCID: PMC6852297 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The C‐type lectin domain (CTLD) group 14 family of transmembrane glycoproteins consist of thrombomodulin, CD93, CLEC14A and CD248 (endosialin or tumour endothelial marker‐1). These cell surface proteins exhibit similar ectodomain architecture and yet mediate a diverse range of cellular functions, including but not restricted to angiogenesis, inflammation and cell adhesion. Thrombomodulin, CD93 and CLEC14A can be expressed by endothelial cells, whereas CD248 is expressed by vasculature associated pericytes, activated fibroblasts and tumour cells among other cell types. In this article, we review the current literature of these family members including their expression profiles, interacting partners, as well as established and speculated functions. We focus primarily on their roles in the vasculature and inflammation as well as their contributions to tumour immunology. The CTLD group 14 family shares several characteristic features including their ability to be proteolytically cleaved and engagement of some shared extracellular matrix ligands. Each family member has strong links to tumour development and in particular CD93, CLEC14A and CD248 have been proposed as attractive candidate targets for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kabir A Khan
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jack L McMurray
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Fiyaz Mohammed
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Roy Bicknell
- Institutes of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu N, Song YL, Wang B, Zhang XY, Zhang XJ, Wang YL, Cheng YY, Chen DD, Xia XQ, Lu YS, Zhang YA. Fish gut-liver immunity during homeostasis or inflammation revealed by integrative transcriptome and proteome studies. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36048. [PMID: 27808112 PMCID: PMC5093735 DOI: 10.1038/srep36048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut-associated lymphoid tissue, connected with liver via bile and blood, constructs a local immune environment of both defense and tolerance. The gut-liver immunity has been well-studied in mammals, yet in fish remains largely unknown, even though enteritis as well as liver and gallbladder syndrome emerged as a limitation in aquaculture. In this study, we performed integrative bioinformatic analysis for both transcriptomic (gut and liver) and proteomic (intestinal mucus and bile) data, in both healthy and infected tilapias. We found more categories of immune transcripts in gut than liver, as well as more adaptive immune in gut meanwhile more innate in liver. Interestingly reduced differential immune transcripts between gut and liver upon inflammation were also revealed. In addition, more immune proteins in bile than intestinal mucus were identified. And bile probably providing immune effectors to intestinal mucus upon inflammation was deduced. Specifically, many key immune transcripts in gut or liver as well as key immune proteins in mucus or bile were demonstrated. Accordingly, we proposed a hypothesized profile of fish gut-liver immunity, during either homeostasis or inflammation. Current data suggested that fish gut and liver may collaborate immunologically while keep homeostasis using own strategies, including potential unique mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu-Long Song
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,Demorgen Bioinformation Technology Co. Ltd, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ya-Li Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ying-Yin Cheng
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Xia
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yi-Shan Lu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Wuhan 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kveberg L, Jiménez-Royo P, Naper C, Rolstad B, Butcher GW, Vaage JT, Inngjerdingen M. Two complementary rat NK cell subsets, Ly49s3+ and NKR-P1B+, differ in phenotypic characteristics and responsiveness to cytokines. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 88:87-93. [PMID: 20395458 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0110039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two major subsets of rat NK cells can be distinguished based on their expression of the Ly49s3 or the NKR-P1B lectin-like receptor. Ly49s3(+) NK cells, but not NKR-P1B(+) NK cells, express a wide range of Ly49 receptors. Here, we have examined differences between these two subsets in their expression of certain NK cell-associated molecules as well as their responses to cytokines. A microarray analysis suggested several differentially expressed genes, including preferential expression of NKG2A/C receptors by NKR-P1B(+) NK cells. This was confirmed by staining with tetramers of RT.BM1, the putative ligand of CD94/NKG2, indicating that Ly49 and CD94/NKG2 receptors separate into distinct NK cell compartments. Further, expression of CD25 by Ly49s3(+) NK cells was associated with more rapid proliferation in response to IL-2 as compared with NKR-P1B(+) NK cells. Thus, certain inflammatory situations may preferentially expand the Ly49s3(+) NK cells. Moreover, freshly isolated Ly49s3(+) and NKR-P1B(+) NK cells produce similar amounts of cytokines, and a minor Ly49s3(-)NKR-P1B(-) double-negative NK subset appears to be hyporesponsive based on its significantly lower IFN-gamma production. Collectively, our data demonstrate divergent profiles of NKR-P1B(+) and Ly49s3(+) NK cells, indicating distinct tasks in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lise Kveberg
- Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Park M, Tenner AJ. Cell surface expression of C1qRP/CD93 is stabilized by O-glycosylation. J Cell Physiol 2003; 196:512-22. [PMID: 12891708 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.10332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
C1qRP/CD93 is a cell surface receptor predominantly expressed on monocytes, neutrophils, endothelial cells, and early stem cell precursors. In phagocytic cells, it has been characterized as contributing to the enhancement of FcR- and CR1-induced phagocytosis triggered by innate immune system defense collagens such as C1q and mannose binding lectin (MBL). Previously, we demonstrated a high level of glycosylation on C1qRP/CD93 that was predominantly O-linked. In this study, we investigate the role of glycosylation in C1qRP/CD93 stability first by inhibiting O-glycosylation by addition of benzyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside (BAG) to the human histiocytic cell line U937, and secondly, by expression of C1qRP/CD93 in the CHO-derived cell line ldlD which has a reversible defect in protein glycosylation. In both U937 cells and in ldlD cells transfected to express C1qRP/CD93, glycosylation deficiency caused cell surface expression levels of C1qRP/CD93 to decrease, concomitant with the detection of C1qRP/CD93 reactivity in the culture media. Metabolic labeling studies show that when glycosylation is absent, C1qRP/CD93 is synthesized and rapidly released into the culture supernatant or degraded. These studies demonstrate that O-glycosylation is important in the stable cell surface expression of C1qRP/CD93 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minha Park
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-3900, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cruz-Filho AMD, Paula EAD, Pécora JD, Sousa-Neto MDD. Effect of different EGTA concentrations on dentin microhardness. Braz Dent J 2003; 13:188-90. [PMID: 12428594 DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402002000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of 1%, 3% and 5% EGTA (ethylene glycol-bis-(beta-amino-ethyl ether) N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid) on the microhardness of root dentin of the cervical third of human teeth was studied. Five newly extracted maxillary incisors were sectioned transversely at the cementoenamel junction, and the crowns were discarded. The roots were embedded in blocks of high-speed polymerized acrylic resin and cut transversely into 1-mm sections. The second section of the cervical third of the root of each tooth was sectioned and divided into four parts. Each part was placed on an acrylic disc that was used as a base for microhardness measurement. Fifty microliters of 1% EGTA, 3% EGTA, or 5% EGTA were applied to the dentin surface. Deionized and distilled water was used as control. Dentin microhardness was then measured with a load of 50 g for 15 s. Statistical analysis showed that the three concentrations of the chelating solution EGTA significantly reduced dentin microhardness when compared with water (ANOVA, p < 0.01), and that there was a statistically significant difference among the three solutions (Tukey test, p < 0.05).
Collapse
|