6
|
Siegel DH, Ashton GHS, Penagos HG, Lee JV, Feiler HS, Wilhelmsen KC, South AP, Smith FJD, Prescott AR, Wessagowit V, Oyama N, Akiyama M, Al Aboud D, Al Aboud K, Al Githami A, Al Hawsawi K, Al Ismaily A, Al-Suwaid R, Atherton DJ, Caputo R, Fine JD, Frieden IJ, Fuchs E, Haber RM, Harada T, Kitajima Y, Mallory SB, Ogawa H, Sahin S, Shimizu H, Suga Y, Tadini G, Tsuchiya K, Wiebe CB, Wojnarowska F, Zaghloul AB, Hamada T, Mallipeddi R, Eady RAJ, McLean WHI, McGrath JA, Epstein EH. Loss of kindlin-1, a human homolog of the Caenorhabditis elegans actin-extracellular-matrix linker protein UNC-112, causes Kindler syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 73:174-87. [PMID: 12789646 PMCID: PMC1180579 DOI: 10.1086/376609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2003] [Accepted: 04/29/2003] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kindler syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neonatal blistering, sun sensitivity, atrophy, abnormal pigmentation, and fragility of the skin. Linkage and homozygosity analysis in an isolated Panamanian cohort and in additional inbred families mapped the gene to 20p12.3. Loss-of-function mutations were identified in the FLJ20116 gene (renamed "KIND1" [encoding kindlin-1]). Kindlin-1 is a human homolog of the Caenorhabditis elegans protein UNC-112, a membrane-associated structural/signaling protein that has been implicated in linking the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Thus, Kindler syndrome is, to our knowledge, the first skin fragility disorder caused by a defect in actin-ECM linkage, rather than keratin-ECM linkage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawn H. Siegel
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Gabrielle H. S. Ashton
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Homero G. Penagos
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - James V. Lee
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Heidi S. Feiler
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Kirk C. Wilhelmsen
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Andrew P. South
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Frances J. D. Smith
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Alan R. Prescott
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Vesarat Wessagowit
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Noritaka Oyama
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Daifullah Al Aboud
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Khalid Al Aboud
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Ahmad Al Githami
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Khalid Al Hawsawi
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Abla Al Ismaily
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Raouf Al-Suwaid
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - David J. Atherton
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Ruggero Caputo
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Jo-David Fine
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Ilona J. Frieden
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Richard M. Haber
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Takashi Harada
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Yasuo Kitajima
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Susan B. Mallory
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Sedef Sahin
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Yasushi Suga
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Gianluca Tadini
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Kikuo Tsuchiya
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Colin B. Wiebe
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Fenella Wojnarowska
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Adel B. Zaghloul
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Takahiro Hamada
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Rajeev Mallipeddi
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Robin A. J. Eady
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - W. H. Irwin McLean
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - John A. McGrath
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| | - Ervin H. Epstein
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Cell and Molecular Pathology, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, The Guy’s, King’s College and St Thomas’ Hospitals’ Medical School, St Thomas’ Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, London; Department of Dermatology, Social Security Bureau of Panama, David, Chiriqui, Panama; Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Emeryville; Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, and Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City Hospital, Sapporo; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh; Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia; King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dermatology, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ruwi, Oman; Department of Dermatology, Center for Inherited Cutaneous Diseases, Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan; Department of Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, Lexington; Mammalian Cell Biology & Development, Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York; Victoria, British Columbia; Department of Dermatology, Daini Hospital, Tokyo Women’s Medical School, and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Dermatology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara; Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; and Cairo Skin V.D. Hospital, El Haud El Marsoud, Cairo
| |
Collapse
|