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Bai M, Liu Y, Liu H, Jia Y, Tian X, Sun C. Production of recombinant human epidermal growth factor fused with HaloTag protein and characterisation of its biological functions. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17806. [PMID: 39035165 PMCID: PMC11259126 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) protein is a crucial biomolecule involved in regulating cell growth, proliferation, migration and differentiation, which is used in various therapeutic applications, such as wound healing and tissue regeneration. The production of recombinant EGF is essential for studying its biological function and for its clinical translation. However, EGF protein expressed in prokaryotic cells often occurs in inclusion bodies, and co-expression with soluble tag protein is an effective method to prepare recombinant EGF. In this study, we expressed recombinant human EGF (rhEGF) fused to a HaloTag (Halo-rhEGF) and a large portion of Halo-rhEGF was found in the soluble fraction. Cell growth assay showed that the purified Halo-rhEGF protein could promote the proliferation of fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) and epithelial cells (HaCaT), and significantly increased their viability. Phosphorylation of the intracellular signaling proteins, ERK1/2 and c-Jun, was stimulated by treatment with Halo-rhEGF and the expression levels of proteins regulating cell proliferation were significantly increased. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that rhEGF could increase the transcription of genes enriched in ribosome generation and cell proliferation. Moreover, Halo-rhEGF can be labelled by HaloTag ligand for fluorescence imaging and can be slowly released in tissue repair by binding to anion biomaterials. In conclusion, HaloTag is an efficient fusion tag for rhEGF protein expression, purification and controlled release, and Halo-rhEGF can promote the proliferation and viability of epithelial and fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Bai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yezhuo Liu
- Favorsun Medical Group, Suzhou, China
- Shanghai Hongdu New Material Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyin Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yangyang Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiangqin Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Changye Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Shanghai Hongdu New Material Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Isono T, Hirayama S, Domon H, Maekawa T, Tamura H, Hiyoshi T, Sirisereephap K, Takenaka S, Noiri Y, Terao Y. Degradation of EGFR on lung epithelial cells by neutrophil elastase contributes to the aggravation of pneumococcal pneumonia. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104760. [PMID: 37119853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main cause of bacterial pneumonia. S. pneumoniae infection has been shown to cause elastase, an intracellular host defense factor, to leak from neutrophils. However, when neutrophil elastase (NE) leaks into the extracellular environment, it can degrade host cell surface proteins such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and potentially disrupt the alveolar epithelial barrier. In this study, we hypothesized that NE degrades the extracellular domain of EGFR in alveolar epithelial cells and inhibits alveolar epithelial repair. Using SDS-PAGE, we showed that NE degraded the recombinant EGFR extracellular domain and its ligand EGF, and that the degradation of these proteins was counteracted by NE inhibitors. Furthermore, we confirmed the degradation by NE of EGFR expressed in alveolar epithelial cells in vitro. We show intracellular uptake of EGF and EGFR signaling were downregulated in alveolar epithelial cells exposed to NE, and found cell proliferation was inhibited in these cells These negative effects of NE on cell proliferation were abolished by NE inhibitors. Finally, we confirmed the degradation of EGFR by NE in vivo. Fragments of the extracellular domain of EGFR were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from pneumococcal pneumonia mice, and the percentage of cells positive for a cell proliferation marker Ki67 in lung tissue was reduced. In contrast, administration of an NE inhibitor decreased EGFR fragments in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and increased the percentage of Ki67-positive cells. These findings suggest that degradation of EGFR by NE could inhibit the repair of alveolar epithelium and cause severe pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihito Isono
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoru Hirayama
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hisanori Domon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoki Maekawa
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hikaru Tamura
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Division of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takumi Hiyoshi
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Division of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kridtapat Sirisereephap
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Division of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shoji Takenaka
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
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Mohammadian J, Mansoori-Derakhshan S, Mohammadian M, Shekari-Khaniani M. Construction of Yeast Recombinant Expression Vector Containing Human Epidermal Growth Factor (hEGF). Adv Pharm Bull 2013; 3:473-6. [PMID: 24312882 PMCID: PMC3848235 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2013.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was construction of recombinant hEGF-pPIC9 which may be used for expression of recombinant hEGF in following studies. METHODS EGF cDNA was purchased from Genecopoeia Company and used for PCR amplification. Prior to ligation, the PCR product and pPIC9 vector was digested with EcoRI and XhoI and ligated in pPIC9 vector and subjected to colony PCR screening and sequencing analysis. RESULTS PCR amplification of EGF cDNA using recombinant hEGF-pPIC9 vector as template was concluded in amplification of 197bp fragment. Construction of recombinant hEGF-pPIC9 of EGf gene was verified by PCR and sequencing. CONCLUSION Construction of Recombinant hEGF-pPIC9 was the primary stage for production and expression of EFG in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Mohammadian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Division of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sima Mansoori-Derakhshan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mahmoud Shekari-Khaniani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Rousselet E, Benjannet S, Marcinkiewicz E, Asselin MC, Lazure C, Seidah NG. Proprotein convertase PC7 enhances the activation of the EGF receptor pathway through processing of the EGF precursor. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:9185-95. [PMID: 21209099 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.189936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the processing profile of the membrane-bound epidermal growth factor precursor (pro-EGF) is tissue-specific, it has not been investigated at the cellular level nor have the cognate proteinases been defined. Among the proprotein convertases (PCs), only the membrane-bound PC7, the most ancient and conserved basic amino acid-specific PC family member, induces the processing of pro-EGF into an ∼115-kDa transmembrane form (EGF-115) at an unusual VHPR(290)↓A motif. Because site-directed mutagenesis revealed that Arg(290) is not critical, the generation of EGF-115 by PC7 is likely indirect. This was confirmed by testing a wide range of protease inhibitors, which revealed that the production of EGF-115 is most probably achieved via the activation by PC7 of a latent serine and/or cysteine protease(s). EGF-115 is more abundant at the cell surface than pro-EGF and is associated with a stronger EGF receptor (EGFR) activation, as evidenced by higher levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2. This suggests that the generation of EGF-115 represents a regulatory mechanism of juxtacrine EGFR activation. Thus, PC7 is distinct from the other PCs in its ability to enhance the activation of the cell surface EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Rousselet
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
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Neary JM, Powell A, Gordon L, Milne C, Flett F, Wilkinson B, Smith CP, Micklefield J. An asparagine oxygenase (AsnO) and a 3-hydroxyasparaginyl phosphotransferase (HasP) are involved in the biosynthesis of calcium-dependent lipopeptide antibiotics. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2007; 153:768-776. [PMID: 17322197 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2006/002725-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nonribosomal peptides contain a wide range of unusual non-proteinogenic amino acid residues. As a result, these complex natural products are amongst the most structurally diverse secondary metabolites in nature, and possess a broad spectrum of biological activities. beta-Hydroxylation of amino acid precursors or peptidyl residues and their subsequent processing by downstream tailoring enzymes are some of the most common themes in the biosynthetic diversification of these therapeutically important peptides. Identification and characterization of the biosynthetic intermediates and enzymes involved in these processes are thus pivotal in understanding nonribosomal peptide assembly and modification. To this end, the putative asparaginyl oxygenase- and 3-hydroxyasparaginyl phosphotransferase-encoding genes hasP and asnO were separately deleted from the calcium-dependent antibiotic (CDA) biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces coelicolor. Whilst the parent strains produce a number of 3-hydroxyasparagine- and 3-phosphohydroxyasparagine-containing CDAs, the DeltahasP mutants produce exclusively non-phosphorylated CDAs. On the other hand, DeltaasnO mutants produce several new Asn-containing CDAs not present in the wild-type, which retain calcium-dependent antimicrobial activity. This confirms that AsnO and HasP are required for the beta-hydroxylation and phosphorylation of the Asn residue within CDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Neary
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, UMIST, PO Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, UK
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, PO Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, UK
| | - Amanda Powell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, PO Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, UK
| | - Lyndsey Gordon
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, UMIST, PO Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, UK
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, PO Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, UK
| | - Claire Milne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, PO Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, UK
| | - Fiona Flett
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, UMIST, PO Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, UK
| | - Barrie Wilkinson
- Biotica Technology Ltd, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Colin P Smith
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, UMIST, PO Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, UK
| | - Jason Micklefield
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, PO Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, UK
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Zanuttin F, Guarnaccia C, Pintar A, Pongor S. Folding of epidermal growth factor-like repeats from human tenascin studied through a sequence frame-shift approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 271:4229-40. [PMID: 15511229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04363.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the factors that determine the correct folding of epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats within a multidomain protein, we prepared a series of six peptides that, taken together, span the sequence of two EGF repeats of human tenascin, a large protein from the extracellular matrix. The peptides were selected by sliding a window of the average length of tenascin EGF repeats over the sequence of EGF repeats 13 and 14. We thus obtained six peptides, EGF-f1 to EGF-f6, that are 33 residues long, contain six cysteines each, and bear a partial overlap in the sequence. While EGF-f1 corresponds to the native EGF-14 repeat, the others are frame-shifted EGF repeats. We carried out the oxidative folding of these peptides in vitro, analyzed the reaction mixtures by acid trapping followed by LC-MS, and isolated some of the resulting products. The oxidative folding of the native EGF-14 peptide is fast, produces a single three-disulfide species with an EGF-like disulfide topology and a marked difference in the RP-HPLC retention time compared with the starting product. On the contrary, frame-shifted peptides fold more slowly and give mixtures of three-disulfide species displaying RP-HPLC retention times that are closer to those of the reduced peptides. In contrast to the native EGF-14, the three-disulfide products that could be isolated are mainly unstructured, as determined by CD and NMR spectroscopy. We conclude that both kinetics and thermodynamics drive the correct pairing of cysteines, and speculate about how cysteine mispairing could trigger disulfide reshuffling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zanuttin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Protein Structure and Bioinformatics Group, Trieste, Italy
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Kim JG, Vallet JL, Christenson RK. Characterization of uterine epidermal growth factor during early pregnancy in pigs. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2001; 20:253-65. [PMID: 11518619 DOI: 10.1016/s0739-7240(01)00097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genomic research has identified a quantitative trait locus for uterine capacity, a component trait contributing to litter size, on porcine chromosome 8. The epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene, on porcine chromosome 8, may influence uterine capacity because of its growth-promoting activities. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and iterative screening of a porcine reproductive tissue cDNA library, 4932 bp cDNA sequence coding for porcine EGF precursor was obtained. The predicted protein sequence of the EGF precursor contained 1214 amino acids, similar to human EGF precursor (1207 amino acids, 81% identity). Curiously, the sequence of the mature peptide was less homologous between species than other regions of EGF precursor. The presence of conserved regions outside the mature peptide may suggest that these regions are functionally important. Expression of EGF mRNA in the endometrium of White crossbred gilts (n = 3 to 5 each) was determined by Northern blotting using 20 microg of total RNA from endometrium of D 10, 13, and 15 cyclic, and D 10, 13, 15, 20, 30, and 40 of pregnant gilts. A 3342 bp probe from EGF precursor was used. The bands corresponding to EGF mRNA were quantified by densitometry and results were analyzed by ANOVA. EGF mRNA expression decreased significantly from D 13 to 15 of the cycle and pregnancy (P = 0.04), and from D 30 to 40 of pregnancy (P = 0.01). These findings show that EGF mRNA expression is temporally regulated during the cycle and early pregnancy, and this pattern of gene expression may be important during early conceptus development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Kim
- USDA-ARS, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P. O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA
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