1
|
Etemadi A, Sinha R, Ward MH, Graubard BI, Inoue-Choi M, Dawsey SM, Abnet CC. Mortality from different causes associated with meat, heme iron, nitrates, and nitrites in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study: population based cohort study. BMJ 2017; 357:j1957. [PMID: 28487287 PMCID: PMC5423547 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the association of different types of meat intake and meat associated compounds with overall and cause specific mortality.Design Population based cohort study.Setting Baseline dietary data of the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study (prospective cohort of the general population from six states and two metropolitan areas in the US) and 16 year follow-up data until 31 December 2011.Participants 536 969 AARP members aged 50-71 at baseline.Exposures Intake of total meat, processed and unprocessed red meat (beef, lamb, and pork) and white meat (poultry and fish), heme iron, and nitrate/nitrite from processed meat based on dietary questionnaire. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were used with the lowest fifth of calorie adjusted intakes as reference categories.Main outcome measure Mortality from any cause during follow-up.Results An increased risk of all cause mortality (hazard ratio for highest versus lowest fifth 1.26, 95% confidence interval 1.23 to 1.29) and death due to nine different causes associated with red meat intake was observed. Both processed and unprocessed red meat intakes were associated with all cause and cause specific mortality. Heme iron and processed meat nitrate/nitrite were independently associated with increased risk of all cause and cause specific mortality. Mediation models estimated that the increased mortality associated with processed red meat was influenced by nitrate intake (37.0-72.0%) and to a lesser degree by heme iron (20.9-24.1%). When the total meat intake was constant, the highest fifth of white meat intake was associated with a 25% reduction in risk of all cause mortality compared with the lowest intake level. Almost all causes of death showed an inverse association with white meat intake.Conclusions The results show increased risks of all cause mortality and death due to nine different causes associated with both processed and unprocessed red meat, accounted for, in part, by heme iron and nitrate/nitrite from processed meat. They also show reduced risks associated with substituting white meat, particularly unprocessed white meat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Etemadi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Mary H Ward
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Barry I Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Maki Inoue-Choi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Sanford M Dawsey
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cunningham RT, Mooney MH, Xia XL, Crooks S, Matthews D, O’Keeffe M, Li K, Elliott CT. Feasibility of a Clinical Chemical Analysis Approach To Predict Misuse of Growth Promoting Hormones in Cattle. Anal Chem 2009; 81:977-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ac801966g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodat T. Cunningham
- Institute of Agri-Food and Land Use, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K., School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Ashby Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH, U.K., Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Stoney Road, Belfast, Biometrics and Information Systems, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), AFBI Headquarters, 18a NewForge Lane Belfast BT9 5PX, U.K
| | - Mark H. Mooney
- Institute of Agri-Food and Land Use, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K., School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Ashby Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH, U.K., Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Stoney Road, Belfast, Biometrics and Information Systems, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), AFBI Headquarters, 18a NewForge Lane Belfast BT9 5PX, U.K
| | - Xiao-Lei Xia
- Institute of Agri-Food and Land Use, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K., School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Ashby Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH, U.K., Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Stoney Road, Belfast, Biometrics and Information Systems, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), AFBI Headquarters, 18a NewForge Lane Belfast BT9 5PX, U.K
| | - Steven Crooks
- Institute of Agri-Food and Land Use, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K., School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Ashby Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH, U.K., Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Stoney Road, Belfast, Biometrics and Information Systems, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), AFBI Headquarters, 18a NewForge Lane Belfast BT9 5PX, U.K
| | - David Matthews
- Institute of Agri-Food and Land Use, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K., School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Ashby Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH, U.K., Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Stoney Road, Belfast, Biometrics and Information Systems, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), AFBI Headquarters, 18a NewForge Lane Belfast BT9 5PX, U.K
| | - Michael O’Keeffe
- Institute of Agri-Food and Land Use, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K., School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Ashby Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH, U.K., Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Stoney Road, Belfast, Biometrics and Information Systems, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), AFBI Headquarters, 18a NewForge Lane Belfast BT9 5PX, U.K
| | - Kang Li
- Institute of Agri-Food and Land Use, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K., School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Ashby Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH, U.K., Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Stoney Road, Belfast, Biometrics and Information Systems, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), AFBI Headquarters, 18a NewForge Lane Belfast BT9 5PX, U.K
| | - Christopher T. Elliott
- Institute of Agri-Food and Land Use, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K., School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Ashby Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH, U.K., Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Stoney Road, Belfast, Biometrics and Information Systems, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), AFBI Headquarters, 18a NewForge Lane Belfast BT9 5PX, U.K
| |
Collapse
|