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Duffield KR, Hunt J, Sadd BM, Sakaluk SK, Oppert B, Rosario K, Behle RW, Ramirez JL. Active and Covert Infections of Cricket Iridovirus and Acheta domesticus Densovirus in Reared Gryllodes sigillatus Crickets. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:780796. [PMID: 34917059 PMCID: PMC8670987 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.780796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in developing food, feed, and other useful products from farmed insects has gained remarkable momentum in the past decade. Crickets are an especially popular group of farmed insects due to their nutritional quality, ease of rearing, and utility. However, production of crickets as an emerging commodity has been severely impacted by entomopathogenic infections, about which we know little. Here, we identified and characterized an unknown entomopathogen causing mass mortality in a lab-reared population of Gryllodes sigillatus crickets, a species used as an alternative to the popular Acheta domesticus due to its claimed tolerance to prevalent entomopathogenic viruses. Microdissection of sick and healthy crickets coupled with metagenomics-based identification and real-time qPCR viral quantification indicated high levels of cricket iridovirus (CrIV) in a symptomatic population, and evidence of covert CrIV infections in a healthy population. Our study also identified covert infections of Acheta domesticus densovirus (AdDNV) in both populations of G. sigillatus. These results add to the foundational research needed to better understand the pathology of mass-reared insects and ultimately develop the prevention, mitigation, and intervention strategies needed for economical production of insects as a commodity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin R. Duffield
- Crop BioProtection Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Kristin R. Duffield,
| | - John Hunt
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia
| | - Ben M. Sadd
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, United States
| | - Scott K. Sakaluk
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, United States
| | - Brenda Oppert
- Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Karyna Rosario
- Marine Genomics Laboratory, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Robert W. Behle
- Crop BioProtection Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - José L. Ramirez
- Crop BioProtection Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL, United States
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Grosset C, Wellehan JFX, Owens SD, McGraw S, Gaffney PM, Foley J, Childress AL, Yun S, Malm K, Groff JM, Paul-Murphy J, Weber ES. Intraerythrocytic iridovirus in central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps). J Vet Diagn Invest 2014; 26:354-364. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638714534851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Three adult central bearded dragons ( Pogona vitticeps) originating from a commercial breeding facility presented with clinical signs, including anorexia, dehydration, white multifocal lesions on the dorsal aspect of the tongue, blepharospasm, and weight loss. In 1 of 3 lizards, a marked regenerative anemia was noted, and all 3 bearded dragons had erythrocytic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Nine bearded dragons housed in contact also had identical, but fewer intraerythrocytic inclusions. Inclusion bodies examined by electron microscopy had particles consistent with iridoviruses. Attempts to culture the virus were unsuccessful; however, amplification and sequencing of regions of the viral DNA polymerase by polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of an iridovirus. One of the bearded dragons died, while the 2 others showing clinical signs were euthanized. The remaining 9 infected bearded dragons of the teaching colony were also euthanized. Postmortem examination revealed a moderate, multifocal, lymphoplasmacytic or mononuclear adenitis of the tongue in the 3 bearded dragons, and a lymphohistiocytic hepatitis with bacterial granulomas in 2 lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Grosset
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Grosset, McGraw, Groff), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology (Weber, Paul-Murphy, Foley, Yun, Malm), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (Owens, Gaffney), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences of the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Wellehan, Childress)
| | - James F. X. Wellehan
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Grosset, McGraw, Groff), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology (Weber, Paul-Murphy, Foley, Yun, Malm), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (Owens, Gaffney), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences of the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Wellehan, Childress)
| | - Sean D. Owens
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Grosset, McGraw, Groff), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology (Weber, Paul-Murphy, Foley, Yun, Malm), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (Owens, Gaffney), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences of the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Wellehan, Childress)
| | - Sabrina McGraw
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Grosset, McGraw, Groff), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology (Weber, Paul-Murphy, Foley, Yun, Malm), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (Owens, Gaffney), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences of the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Wellehan, Childress)
| | - Patricia M. Gaffney
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Grosset, McGraw, Groff), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology (Weber, Paul-Murphy, Foley, Yun, Malm), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (Owens, Gaffney), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences of the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Wellehan, Childress)
| | - Janet Foley
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Grosset, McGraw, Groff), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology (Weber, Paul-Murphy, Foley, Yun, Malm), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (Owens, Gaffney), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences of the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Wellehan, Childress)
| | - April L. Childress
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Grosset, McGraw, Groff), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology (Weber, Paul-Murphy, Foley, Yun, Malm), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (Owens, Gaffney), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences of the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Wellehan, Childress)
| | - Susan Yun
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Grosset, McGraw, Groff), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology (Weber, Paul-Murphy, Foley, Yun, Malm), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (Owens, Gaffney), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences of the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Wellehan, Childress)
| | - Kirsten Malm
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Grosset, McGraw, Groff), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology (Weber, Paul-Murphy, Foley, Yun, Malm), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (Owens, Gaffney), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences of the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Wellehan, Childress)
| | - Joseph M. Groff
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Grosset, McGraw, Groff), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology (Weber, Paul-Murphy, Foley, Yun, Malm), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (Owens, Gaffney), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences of the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Wellehan, Childress)
| | - Joanne Paul-Murphy
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Grosset, McGraw, Groff), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology (Weber, Paul-Murphy, Foley, Yun, Malm), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (Owens, Gaffney), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences of the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Wellehan, Childress)
| | - E. Scott Weber
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Grosset, McGraw, Groff), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology (Weber, Paul-Murphy, Foley, Yun, Malm), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (Owens, Gaffney), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences of the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Wellehan, Childress)
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