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Yan WX, Tseng YH, Huang WR, Cheng LW, Wang PC, Chen SC. Nocardiosis and other common diseases of cultured golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii) in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e13894. [PMID: 38014554 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii) is a carnivorous teleost cultured in the Asia-Pacific region. Fish culture in high densities and numbers results in disease outbreaks, causing huge economic losses. Here, we collected cultured golden pompanos from 2021 to 2022 and identified the pathogens isolated from the diseased fish. Out of a total of 64 clinical cases observed in both sea cages and fish ponds, it was found that Nocardia seriolae was the predominant pathogen (26%), followed by Lactococcus garvieae (13%). Trichodina spp. was the most prevalent parasite in sea cages and earthen ponds (21%), while Neobenedenia spp. was the primary parasitic pathogen (16%) in sea cages. Given these findings, further investigations were conducted, including antibiotic susceptibility and pathogenicity tests specific to N. seriolae in golden pompanos. Antibiotic susceptibility tests of N. seriolae revealed that all strains were susceptible to doxycycline, oxytetracycline, florfenicol and erythromycin but resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin. Additionally, a pathogenicity assessment was carried out by administering an intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mL containing 107 CFU of N. seriolae per fish. The mortality rates observed varied between 40% and 90%, with the P2 strain exhibiting the highest level of virulence, resulting in a cumulative mortality of 90%. Therefore, disease outbreaks in fish can be minimized by developing effective treatments and prevention methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xiao Yan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Tseng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Rou Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wu Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Centre for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Centre for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Analysis of Streptococcal Infection and Correlation with Climatic Factors in Cultured Tilapia Oreochromis spp. in Taiwan. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10114018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.), a prominent warm water food fish, is one of the major fish species grown in the aquaculture industry in south-east Asia. Tilapia can tolerate adverse water quality and other stressors, like diverse salinity and fluctuation of pH value, better than most other commercial aquaculture species. Environmental fluctuations are one of the main factors that affect the outbreak of infectious diseases in cultured tilapia. Cultured tilapia in Taiwan appears to be more susceptible to infections caused by Streptococci during the summer season. The present study emphasizes the Streptococcus spp. infection in tilapia in Taiwan and is the first study on the analysis of the potential impact of climate change on streptococcal infection in cultured tilapia in Asia. The data collected from the treatment and diagnosis system (TDS) of the aquatic animal diseases database from 2006 to 2015 were used to analyze the endemic streptococcal infection and the effect of climatic factors. Based on the results, the factor, average atmospheric pressure, is negatively correlated to streptococcal infection, while the other three, including average temperature, ultraviolet (UV) index, and rainfall, are positively correlated to streptococcal infection. A multivariate logistic regression model with these four factors was also built. When the average temperature is above 27.0 °C, the average atmospheric pressure is lower than 1005.1 hPa, or the UV index is above 7.2, the percentage of cumulated positive farms from all submitted tilapia cases was more than 50%. In addition, within 3 days of rain, rainfall is relevant to the occurrence of Streptococcus in tilapia. Using TDS to alert the occurrence of streptococcal infection in tilapia can be a very useful tool for veterinary aquatic animal inspection stations, and reducing economic losses and labour costs in aquatic agriculture.
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Nishiki I, Yoshida T, Fujiwara A. Complete genome sequence and characterization of virulence genes in Lancefield group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolated from farmed amberjack (Seriola dumerili). Microbiol Immunol 2019; 63:243-250. [PMID: 31136000 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lancefield group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae causes infections in farmed fish. Here, the genome of S. dysgalactiae strain kdys0611, isolated from farmed amberjack (Seriola dumerili) was sequenced. The complete genome sequence of kdys0611 consists of a single chromosome and five plasmids. The chromosome is 2,142,780 bp long and has a GC content of 40%. It possesses 2061 coding sequences and 67 tRNA and 6 rRNA operons. One clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat, 125 insertion sequences, and four predicted prophage elements were identified. Phylogenetic analysis based on 126 core genes suggested that the kdys0611 strain is more closely related to S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae than to S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. The genome of kdys0611 harbors 87 genes with sequence similarity to putative virulence-associated genes identified in other bacteria, of which 57 exhibit amino acid identity (>52%) to genes of the S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis GGS124 human clinical isolate. Four putative virulence genes, emm5 (FGCSD_0256), spg_2 (FGCSD_1961), skc (FGCSD_1012), and cna (FGCSD_0159), in kdys0611 did not show significant homology with any deposited S. dysgalactiae genes. The chromosomal sequence of kdys0611 has been deposited in GenBank under Accession No. AP018726. This is the first report of the complete genome sequence of S. dysgalactiae isolated from fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issei Nishiki
- Research Center for Bioinformatics and Biosciences, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Atushi Fujiwara
- Research Center for Bioinformatics and Biosciences, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Development of a multiplex PCR for identification of β-hemolytic streptococci relevant to human infections and serotype distribution of invasive Streptococcus agalactiae in Thailand. Mol Cell Probes 2017; 36:10-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ciszewski M, Szewczyk EM. Potential Factors Enabling Human Body Colonization by Animal Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis Strains. Curr Microbiol 2017; 74:650-654. [PMID: 28314902 PMCID: PMC5376390 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1232-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) is a pyogenic, Lancefield C or G streptococcal pathogen. Until recently, it has been considered as an exclusive animal pathogen. Nowadays, it is responsible for both animal infections in wild animals, pets, and livestock and human infections often clinically similar to the ones caused by group A streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). The risk of zoonotic infection is the most significant in people having regular contact with animals, such as veterinarians, cattlemen, and farmers. SDSE is also prevalent on skin of healthy dogs, cats, and horses, which pose a risk also to people having contact with companion animals. The main aim of this study was to evaluate if there are features differentiating animal and human SDSE isolates, especially in virulence factors involved in the first stages of pathogenesis (adhesion and colonization). Equal groups of human and animal SDSE clinical strains were obtained from superficial infections (skin, wounds, abscesses). The presence of five virulence genes (prtF1, prtF2, lmb, cbp, emm type) was evaluated, as well as ability to form bacterial biofilm and produce BLIS (bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances) which are active against human skin microbiota. The study showed that the presence of genes coding for fibronectin-binding protein and M protein, as well as BLIS activity inhibiting the growth of Corynebacterium spp. strains might constitute the virulence factors which are necessary to colonize human organism, whereas they are not crucial in animal infections. Those virulence factors might be horizontally transferred from human streptococci to animal SDSE strains, enabling their ability to colonize human organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Ciszewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Łódź, 137 Pomorska St., 90-235, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Eligia M Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Łódź, 137 Pomorska St., 90-235, Lodz, Poland
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Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis Isolated From Infections in Dogs and Humans: Are Current Subspecies Identification Criteria accurate? Curr Microbiol 2016; 73:684-688. [PMID: 27502064 PMCID: PMC5039219 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus dysgalactiae is a pyogenic species pathogenic both for humans and animals. Until recently, it has been considered an exclusive animal pathogen causing infections in wild as well as domestic animals. Currently, human infections are being reported with increasing frequency, and their clinical picture is often similar to the ones caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Due to the fact that S. dysgalactiae is a heterogeneous species, it was divided into two subspecies: S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) and S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (SDSD). The first differentiation criterion, described in 1996, was based on strain isolation source. Currently applied criteria, published in 1998, are based on hemolysis type and Lancefield group classification. In this study, we compared subspecies identification results for 36 strains isolated from clinical cases both in humans and animals. Species differentiation was based on two previously described criteria as well as MALDI-TOF and genetic analyses: RISA and 16S rRNA genes sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were also determined according to CLSI guidelines. The results presented in our study suggest that the subspecies differentiation criteria previously described in the above two literature positions seem to be inaccurate in analyzed group of strains, the hemolysis type on blood agar, and Lancefield classification should not be here longer considered as criteria in subspecies identification. The antimicrobial susceptibility tests indicate emerging of multiresistant human SDSE strains resistant also to vancomycin, linezolid and tigecycline, which might pose a substantial problem in treatment.
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Tsai MA, Wang PC, Yoshida T, Chen SC. Genetic characteristics of Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolated from cage cultured cobia, Rachycentron canadum (L.). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2015; 38:1037-1046. [PMID: 25087459 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Disease outbreaks occurred during 2007-2013 in Taiwan with 2.5-10% mortality among the cage cultured cobia, Rachycentron canadum (L.), characterized by the presence of polyserositis, pericarditis and peritonitis. The micro-organisms isolated from internal organs were Gram-positive cocci. The isolates were confirmed as Streptococcus dysgalactiae by a polymerase chain reaction assay that yielded the expected specific 259 bp amplicon. Additionally, partial sequence of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region of the GCS strain isolates from fish was also compared and produced 100% sequence identity with S. dysgalactiae (GenBank accession number AB252398). The genetic characterization was then determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. Based on PFGE, the Apa I or Sma I digestion patterns of chromosomal DNA of these isolates were grouped into three main clusters. Taiwanese strains were divided into two clusters, and the tet(M) gene was detected in cluster 1 (pulsotypes: A1-A2 and S1-S3), but not in cluster 2 strains (pulsotypes: A3-A4 and S4-S5). Three Japanese strains from amberjack, Seriola dumerili (Risso), were grouped into cluster 3 (pulsotypes: A5-A7 and S6-S8) and displayed no mortality to cobia in the challenge experiment. Conversely, Taiwanese strains from cobia and snubnose pompano, Trachinotus blochii (L.), displayed a mortality rate of 50-87.5% in cobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - P-C Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - T Yoshida
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - S-C Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Costa FAA, Leal CAG, Leite RC, Figueiredo HCP. Genotyping of Streptococcus dysgalactiae strains isolated from Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2014; 37:463-469. [PMID: 23786245 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus dysgalactiae is an emerging fish pathogen that is responsible for outbreaks of disease on fish farms around the world. Recently, this bacterium was associated with an outbreak at a Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), farm in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity, best genotyping method and aspects of molecular epidemiology of S. dysgalactiae infections in Nile tilapia farms in Brazil. Twenty-one isolates from four farms located in different Brazilian states were characterized genetically using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), ERIC-PCR, REP-PCR and sodA gene sequencing. The discriminatory power of the different typing methods was compared using Simpson's index of diversity. Identical sodA gene sequences were obtained from all isolates, and ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR were unable to discriminate among the isolates. PFGE typing detected three different genetic patterns between the 21 strains evaluated; thus, it was the best genotyping method for use with this pathogen. The strains from Ceará State were genetically divergent from those from Alagoas State. The S. dysgalactiae isolates analysed in this study constituted a genetically diverse population with a clear association between geographical origin and genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A A Costa
- AQUAVET, Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais ("Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais"), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Nishiki I, Horikiri Y, Itami T, Yoshida T. Cloning and expression of serum opacity factor in fish pathogenic Streptococcus dysgalactiae and its application to discriminate between fish and mammalian isolates. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2011; 323:68-74. [PMID: 22092681 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lancefield group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae (GCSD) is known as a causative agent of bovine mastitis and cardiopulmonary diseases in humans. Recently, GCSD has been isolated from diseased fish in Japan. Almost all culture supernatants and sodium dodecyl sulfate extracts obtained from GCSD isolated from farmed fish possessed serum opacity activity. Serum opacity factor (SOF) is a bifunctional cell-associated protein that causes serum opacification. In this study, a gene coding SOF, which was named sof-FD, was identified from GCSD isolated from fish. The amino acid sequence of sof-FD showed 40.1-46.5% identity to those of other SOFs from mammalian strains of S. dysgalactiae and Streptococcus pyogenes. Repetitive fibronectin binding domains were also observed in sof-FD, the structures of which were similar to those of other SOFs, as previously reported. The amino acid sequence of SOF was identical among fish isolates. A primer set targeting the sof-FD gene was designed and applied to a PCR assay for discriminating fish isolates from mammalian isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issei Nishiki
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Netto LN, Leal CAG, Figueiredo HCP. Streptococcus dysgalactiae as an agent of septicaemia in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2011; 34:251-254. [PMID: 21306592 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lamartine N Netto
- AQUAVET, Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Hassan AA, Vossen A, Lämmler C, Siebert U, Fernández-Garayzábal JF. PCR amplification of species specific sequences of 16S rDNA and 16S–23S rDNA intergenic spacer region for identification of Streptococcus phocae. Microbiol Res 2008; 163:132-5. [PMID: 16793248 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2006.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus phocae, a bacterial pathogen of seals, could reliably be identified by PCR amplification using oligonucleotide primers designed according to species specific segments of the previously sequenced 16S rRNA gene and the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region of this species. The PCR mediated assay allowed an identification of S. phocae isolated from harbor and gray seals and from Atlantic salmons. No cross-reaction could be observed with 13 different other streptococcal species and subspecies and with Lactococcus garvieae strains investigated for control purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Hassan
- Institut für Tierärztliche Nahrungsmittelkunde, Professur für Milchwissenschaften, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Ludwigstr. 21, 35390 Giessen, Germany
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Molecular identification of Arcanobacterium bialowiezense and Arcanobacterium bonasi based on 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region sequences. Vet Microbiol 2008; 130:410-4. [PMID: 18374522 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Revised: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) of Arcanobacterium (A.) bialowiezense DSM 17162, A. bonasi DSM 17163, A. bernardiae DSM 9152, A. haemolyticum DSM 20595, A. hippocoleae DSM 15539, A. phocae DSM 10002, A. pluranimalium DSM 13483 and A. pyogenes DSM 20630 was amplified, sequenced and compared with the corresponding 16S rRNA gene sequences yielding comparable phylogenetic relationships. The ISR sequence of A. bialowiezense and A. bonasi allowed the design of species-specific oligonucleotide primers which could successfully be used for PCR-mediated identification of previously characterized A. bialowiezense and A. bonasi isolated from infections of the European bison. The presented molecular identification might help to improve a future diagnosis of both newly described bacterial pathogens.
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Nomoto R, Unose N, Shimahara Y, Nakamura A, Hirae T, Maebuchi K, Harada S, Misawa N, Itami T, Kagawa H, Yoshida T. Characterization of Lancefield group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolated from farmed fish. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2006; 29:673-82. [PMID: 17169114 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A Lancefield group C streptococcal (GCS) infection caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae that is characterized by severe necrotic lesions of the caudal peduncle has been an increasing cause of mortality in farmed fish such as amberjack, Seriola dumerili, and yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, in the southern part of Kyushu, Japan. In this study, enzymatic profiles of GCS strains from fish and mammals were investigated using the API ZYM system, and genotypic characterization of GCS strains was performed using biased sinusoidal field gel electrophoresis (BSFGE). The partial sequence of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region of the GCS strain isolates from fish and mammals was also compared. The API ZYM test indicated that it is difficult to differentiate isolates of S. dysgalactiae from fish and animals based on enzymological variations. In the BSFGE analysis, the macrorestriction profiles, which were obtained using SmaI or ApaI as a restriction enzyme, revealed variations between the fish and animal isolates. The partial sequence of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region of all the tested fish isolates differed from all mammalian isolates in one or two nucleotides. The possibility of a clonal expansion of S. dysgalactiae strains in farmed fish was also suggested by the BSFGE profiles of fish isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nomoto
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Denamiel G, Llorente P, Carabella M, Rebuelto M, Gentilini E. Anti-microbial susceptibility of Streptococcus spp. isolated from bovine mastitis in Argentina. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:125-8. [PMID: 15876224 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2005.00830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro susceptibility to penicillin G, erythromycin and clindamycin was determined by the disc diffusion test and by E-test for a total of 47 streptococcal strains (three Streptococcus uberis, 36 Streptococcus agalactiae, eight Streptococcus dysgalactiae spp. dysgalactiae) isolated from bovine intramammary infections in Argentina. Moreover, resistance phenotypes of erythromycin-resistant streptococcal isolates was characterized. MIC90 of penicillin G, erythromycin and clindamycin for S. agalactiae were 0.75, 8.0 and 12.0 microg/ml respectively. Resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was detected in 13 (27.6%) and 12 (25.5%) isolates respectively. No isolate was resistant to penicillin G. Resistance against macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B (MLS(B)) represented by the constitutive MLS(B) phenotype was present in 11 (23.4%) erythromycin-resistant isolates and two isolates (4.3%) expressed the M phenotype. The inducible MLS(B) phenotype was not identified. Results suggest that beta-lactams are the first-line antibiotics when treating streptococcal udder infections; however, the continuous monitoring of the antibiotic resistance is essential, as the emergence of resistant strains has become a growing concern on the therapy of bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Denamiel
- Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Chorroain 280 (1427) Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Hassan AA, Akineden O, Usleber E. Identification of Streptococcus canis isolated from milk of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:1234-8. [PMID: 15750089 PMCID: PMC1081216 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.3.1234-1238.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus canis was isolated from 31 milk samples from 11 cows in a dairy herd (with 49 lactating cows) affected by subclinical mastitis in north Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Thirty-one isolates from the infected udder quarters were further characterized for their phenotypic and molecular properties. Most isolates (83.9%) produced alpha-galactosidase, and all were negative for beta-d-glucuronidase. Amplification of the 16S rRNA gene by the PCR method and digestion with the restriction enzymes RsaI, MspI, and AvaII yielded species-specific patterns. Additional identification by species-specific amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, the 16S-23S rRNA gene intergenic spacer region, the CAMP factor-encoding gene cfg, and the internal fragments of the sodA gene was consistent with S. canis. Macrorestriction analysis of the chromosomal DNA by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that the S. canis isolates originated from a single clone or were very closely related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwahed Ahmed Hassan
- Institut für Tierärztliche Nahrungsmittelkunde, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Ludwigstrasse 21, D-35390 Giessen, Germany.
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Alber J, El-Sayed A, Lämmler C, Hassan AA, Weiss R, Zschöck M. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for identification and differentiation of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus and Streptococcus equi subsp. equi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 51:455-8. [PMID: 15606870 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2004.00799.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The closely related streptococcal species Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus and S. equi subsp. equi were identified by polymerase chain reaction using oligonucleotide primers designed according to species-specific parts of the superoxide dismutase A encoding gene sodA. A further differentiation of both subspecies could be performed by amplification of the genes seeH and seeI encoding the exotoxins SeeH and SeeI, respectively, which could be detected for S. equi subsp. equi but not for S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus. A further simplification of the identification and differentiation of both subspecies was conducted by sodA-seeI multiplex polymerase chain reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alber
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Frankfurterstr. 107, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Nomoto R, Munasinghe LI, Jin DH, Shimahara Y, Yasuda H, Nakamura A, Misawa N, Itami T, Yoshida T. Lancefield group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae infection responsible for fish mortalities in Japan. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2004; 27:679-686. [PMID: 15575875 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00591.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A Lancefield serological group C Streptococcus sp. was isolated from cultured amberjack, Seriola dumerili Risso, and yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata Temminck and Schlegel, immunized with Lactococcus garvieae commercial vaccines in Japan. The isolated bacteria were Gram-positive cocci, auto-aggregating in saline, morphologically long chains in growth medium, catalase negative and alpha-haemolytic on blood agar. An almost complete gene sequence of the 16S rDNA of two isolates was determined and compared with that of bacterial strains in the database. The isolates were identified as Streptococcus dysgalactiae based on the results of the 16S rDNA sequence, the bacteriological properties and the Lancefield serological grouping. Oligonucleotide primers specifically designed for the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region of S. dysgalactiae amplified a gene from all the fish isolates, as well as the type strains alpha-haemolytic S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae ATCC430738 and beta-haemolytic S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis ATCC35666, but not those of S. equi ATCC33398, Lactococcus garvieae ATCC43921 and L. garvieae KG9408. The severe necrotic lesions of the caudal peduncle seen in experimentally infected fish were similar to those seen in naturally infected fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nomoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Alber J, El-Sayed A, Lämmler C, Hassan AA, Vossen A, Siebert U. Determination of species-specific sequences of superoxide dismutase A encoding gene sodA and chaperonin 60 encoding gene cpn60 for identification and phylogenetic analysis of Streptococcus phocae. Vet Microbiol 2004; 101:117-22. [PMID: 15172694 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2003] [Revised: 03/03/2004] [Accepted: 03/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Species-specific PCR tests, based on the manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase A encoding gene (sodA) and the chaperonin 60 encoding gene (cpn60), were developed for the identification of Streptococcus phocae, a bacterial pathogen of seals. The selection of both oligonucleotide primer pairs was performed after amplification and sequencing of internal parts of both genes using universal oligonucleotide primers. The sequence studies of both genes additionally confirmed that S. phocae could taxonomically be classified to the pyogenic group of the genus Streptococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alber
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 107, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Alber J, El-Sayed A, Lämmler C, Hassan AA, Zschöck M. Polymerase chain reaction mediated identification of Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus parauberis using species-specific sequences of the genes encoding superoxide dismutase A and chaperonin 60*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 51:180-4. [PMID: 15228553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2004.00753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis, a well-known bacterial pathogen associated with bovine mastitis, appears to be biochemically and serologically almost indistinguishable from the closely related species Streptococcus parauberis. In the present study, species-specific oligonucleotide primers were designed using internal parts of the genes sodA, encoding superoxide dismutase A, and cpn60 encoding chaperonin 60 of S. uberis and S. parauberis, respectively. The two oligonucleotide primer pairs allowed a rapid and reliable PCR-mediated identification and differentiation of both species. These studies, performed with S. uberis and S. parauberis reference cultures and clinical isolates from routine diagnostics, revealed that the occurrence of S. parauberis as causative agent of bovine mastitis appears to be rare. In addition the sodA and cpn60 sequence data confirmed that both species could taxonomically be classified to the pyogenic group of genus Streptococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alber
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Frankfurterstr. 107, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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