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Herman TS, da Silva Goersch C, Bocca AL, Fernandes L. Resazurin to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration on antifungal susceptibility assays for Fonsecaea sp. using a modified EUCAST protocol. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1349-1357. [PMID: 38438831 PMCID: PMC11153478 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromoblastomycosis is a fungal chronic disease, which affects humans, especially in cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues. There is no standard treatment for Chromoblastomycosis, and it is a therapeutic challenge, due natural resistance of their causative agents, inadequate response of patients and common cases of relapse. Protocols for determination of antifungal drugs susceptibility are not standardized for chromoblastomycosis agents and endpoint definition is usually based on visual inspection, which depends on the analyst, making it sometimes inaccurate. We presented a colorimetric and quantitative methodology based on resazurin reduction to resofurin to determine the metabolic status of viable cells of Fonsecaea sp. Performing antifungal susceptibility assay by a modified EUCAST protocol allied to resazurin, we validated the method to identify the minimum inhibitory concentrations of itraconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin B, and terbinafine for eight Fonsecaea clinical isolates. According to our data, resazurin is a good indicator of metabolic status of viable cells, including those exposed to antifungal drugs. This work aimed to test resazurin as an indicator of the metabolic activity of Fonsecaea species in susceptibility assays to antifungal drugs. Species of this genus are the main causative agents of Chromoblastomycosis, which affects humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Sobianski Herman
- Postgraduate Program in Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Room J1 28/8, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Camila da Silva Goersch
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Room J1 28/8, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Microbial Biology, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Anamelia Lorenzetti Bocca
- Postgraduate Program in Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Room J1 28/8, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fernandes
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Room J1 28/8, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Microbial Biology, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
- Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Silva TV, de Barros NR, Costa-Orlandi CB, Tanaka JL, Moro LG, Pegorin GS, Oliveira KSM, Mendes-Gianinni MJS, Fusco-Almeida AM, Herculano RD. Voriconazole-natural latex dressings for treating infected Candida spp. skin ulcers. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:1439-1452. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This work aimed to develop a membrane based on voriconazole (VCZ)-loaded natural rubber latex (NRL) for treating infected ulcers with Candida spp. and study their interaction, drug release, antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis and biological characterization. Materials & methods: VCZ-loaded NRL membrane was produced by casting method. Results: Infrared spectrum showed that the incorporation of VCZ into the NRL membrane maintained its characteristics. Its mechanical properties were considered suitable for dermal application. The VCZ was able to release from NRL membrane, maintaining its antifungal activity against C. parapsilosis, besides did not present hemolytic effects. Conclusion: The VCZ-NRL membrane showed good results in mechanical, antifungal and biological assays, representing an interesting alternative to treatment of infected wound with Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thainá V da Silva
- Biotechnology & Bioprocesses Engineering Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natan R de Barros
- Biotechnology & Bioprocesses Engineering Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biochemistry & Chemical Technology Department, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-060, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline B Costa-Orlandi
- Biotechnology & Bioprocesses Engineering Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean L Tanaka
- Biotechnology & Bioprocesses Engineering Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lincoln G Moro
- Biotechnology & Bioprocesses Engineering Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana S Pegorin
- Biotechnology & Bioprocesses Engineering Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biochemistry & Chemical Technology Department, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-060, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kassandra SM Oliveira
- Rural Engineering & Socioeconomics Department, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria JS Mendes-Gianinni
- Biotechnology & Bioprocesses Engineering Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana M Fusco-Almeida
- Biotechnology & Bioprocesses Engineering Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rondinelli D Herculano
- Biotechnology & Bioprocesses Engineering Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mo C, Yamagata R, Pan A, Reddy J, Hazari N, Duke G. Development of a high-throughput Alamar blue assay for the determination of influenza virus infectious dose, serum antivirus neutralization titer and virus ca/ts phenotype. J Virol Methods 2008; 150:63-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2007] [Revised: 12/31/2007] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Meletiadis J, Mouton JW, Meis JFGM, Bouman BA, Verweij PE. Comparison of the Etest and the sensititre colorimetric methods with the NCCLS proposed standard for antifungal susceptibility testing of Aspergillus species. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:2876-85. [PMID: 12149345 PMCID: PMC120664 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.8.2876-2885.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The susceptibilities of 25 clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus, A. terreus, A. nidulans, and A. ustus to itraconazole and amphotericin B were determined by an agar diffusion-dilution method (the Etest method) and a colorimetric broth microdilution method (the Sensititre method); and the results were compared with those obtained by the NCCLS proposed standard M-38P method for antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi. Various MIC endpoints for the three methods were determined visually by four different observers in three blinded experiments, and the reproducibilities among the observers (interobserver agreement) and among the replicates (interexperimental agreement) as well as the levels of agreement between the NCCLS, the Etest, and the Sensititre methods were calculated. High levels of reproducibility (within 1 twofold dilution) were found for the NCCLS method (>95%) with the MIC-0 endpoint (complete inhibition of growth) for both drugs and with the MIC-1 endpoint (slight growth) for itraconazole and for the Sensititre method (>90%) with all MIC endpoints, although for the latter the interexperimental agreement for itraconazole was comparatively lower (83 to 93%). The Etest method was less reproducible (67 to 87%) for both drugs. Using the recommended MIC endpoints, high levels of agreement (within one twofold dilution) between the NCCLS and the Sensititre methods for all species were found for amphotericin B (>77%) but not for itraconazole (<66%), for which the MICs by the Sensititre method were up to 3 twofold dilutions lower than the corresponding MICs by the NCCLS method. The use of the first blue well as an endpoint for the Sensititre method and 48 h of incubation improved the levels of agreement with the NCCLS method. Low levels of agreement between the NCCLS and the Etest methods using the recommended MIC endpoints were found for most species, especially after 48 h of incubation (<50%), when the MICs obtained by the Etest method were up to 9 twofold dilutions higher than the corresponding MICs obtained by the NCCLS method. Relatively better agreement was found after 24 h, although it was species dependent, with the highest levels of agreement (>82%) found for A. terreus and A. ustus for amphotericin B and A. fumigatus for both drugs. Overall, better agreement was found when MIC-0 was used as the MIC endpoint for the NCCLS method for both drugs and when the MICs by the Etest method were determined after 48 h of incubation for itraconazole and after 24 h of incubation for amphotericin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Meletiadis
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Candida glabrata infections undoubtedly have become more frequent, and are now common. They appear to be the consequence of widespread and often indiscriminate use of azoles, especially fluconazole. This species constitutes the Achilles heel of all available azoles, including newer ones in the pipeline. Even when amphotericin B is used, higher dosages are now required. Little is known about the epidemiology of and risk factors for this troublesome species; even less about its virulence factors. However, studying the resistance mechanisms of this haploid organism may provide answers in developing new fungicidal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- JD Sobel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Harper Hospital, 4 Brush, Room 4811, 3990 John R, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Uzun O, Arikan S, Kocagöz S, Sancak B, Unal S. Susceptibility testing of voriconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B against yeast isolates in a Turkish University Hospital and effect of time of reading. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2000; 38:101-7. [PMID: 11035241 DOI: 10.1016/s0732-8893(00)00177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Voriconazole is a promising azole effective against a variety of fungi, including yeasts. In this study, we tested in vitro activities of voriconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B against some ATCC and reference strains and 250 clinical yeast isolates. We also evaluated the effect of time of reading on MIC results. Voriconazole was the most active agent against Candida and Trichosporon isolates, including the putatively fluconazole-resistant C. krusei (MIC(90) 0.25 microg/ml) and C. glabrata (MIC(90) 0.5 microg/ml). Amphotericin B MICs were scattered in a considerably narrow range in both RPMI 1640 and Antibiotic Medium 3. MICs at 24 hours and 48 hours were similar in general for all antifungals tested. The highest percentage of strains that showed 24-hour and 48-hour MICs within +/-1-log(2) dilution was observed for amphotericin B tested in RPMI (99%), and the lowest for amphotericin B tested in Antibiotic Medium 3 (80%). In conclusion, voriconazole is very effective against a wide spectrum of Candida species and 24-hour readings could substitute 48-hour MIC evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Uzun
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineHacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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