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Ongsri P, Bangchang NN, Saengthong-Aram P, Leeyaphan C, Pattanaprichakul P, Bunyaratavej S. Efficacy of 1% Clotrimazole Powder Monotherapy for Treating Tinea Cruris: A Comparative Randomized Study. Mil Med 2024:usae105. [PMID: 38554260 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usae105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A rise in tinea cruris among Thai Naval Cadets has been observed. Clotrimazole powder has been shown to be effective as an adjunct treatment for tinea cruris; however, its efficacy as a monotherapy is limited. OBJECTIVES The aim is to determine the efficacy of 1% clotrimazole cream versus 1% clotrimazole powder in treating tinea cruris. MATERIAL AND METHODS A randomized trial was conducted at the Thai Naval Rating School, Chonburi, Thailand. Naval rating cadets with suspected tinea cruris were randomly assigned to one of two groups: 1% clotrimazole cream or 1% clotrimazole powder, and they were instructed to apply the related medication to the affected lesion twice daily for 4 weeks. Clinical and symptomatic evaluations were carried out at 4 and 8 weeks. RESULTS All 17 and 14 participants who received 1% clotrimazole cream and powder, respectively, were included. After 4 weeks, the clinical cure rates were 76.5% in the cream group and 85.7% in the powder group (P = .664). All participants were clinically cured within 8 weeks. The self-evaluation of itch severity using a visual analog scale (VAS) revealed no significant difference between the two groups (P = .343). The dermatology quality of life index decreased as clinical improvement was achieved in both the clotrimazole cream and powder groups (6.0 vs. 7.5 score reductions, respectively; P = .765). The score for sweat reduction was higher in the 1% clotrimazole powder group compared to the cream group (5.0 vs. 4.0, respectively; P = .006). CONCLUSION Monotherapy with 1% clotrimazole powder showed comparable efficacy to 1% clotrimazole cream. Furthermore, the powder treatment reduced sweat more effectively compared to the cream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punyawee Ongsri
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Somdech Phra Nangchao Sirikit Hospital, Naval medical department, Royal Thai Navy, Sattahip, Chonburi Province 20180, Thailand
| | - Nanchaya Na Bangchang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Somdech Phra Nangchao Sirikit Hospital, Naval medical department, Royal Thai Navy, Sattahip, Chonburi Province 20180, Thailand
| | - Phuwakorn Saengthong-Aram
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Charussri Leeyaphan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Penvadee Pattanaprichakul
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sumanas Bunyaratavej
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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Yang J, Wu YD, Pu M. Direct Amination of α-Triaryl Alcohols via Vanadium Catalysis. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37220167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
α-Triaryl amines have been used as pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical intermediates for antifungal and anticancer applications. Current methods to synthesize such compounds require at least two steps, and no direct amination of tertiary alcohols has been reported. Herein, we disclose efficient catalytic conditions for the direct amination of α-triaryl alcohols to access α-triaryl amines. VO(OiPr)3, a commercially available reagent, has been identified as an effective catalyst for the direct amination of several α-triaryl alcohols. This process is scalable, as demonstrated by a gram-scale synthesis, and the reaction still works at as low as a 0.01 mol % catalyst loading with the turnover number reaching 3900. Moreover, commercial pharmaceuticals including clotrimazole and flutrimazole have been successfully prepared rapidly and efficiently using this newly developed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglei Yang
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Maoping Pu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Rengasamy M, Shenoy MM, Dogra S, Asokan N, Khurana A, Poojary S, Jayaraman J, Valia AR, Sardana K, Kolalapudi S, Marfatia Y, Rao PN, Bhat RM, Kura M, Pandhi D, Barua S, Kaushal V. Indian Association of Dermatologists, Venereologists and Leprologists (IADVL) Task Force against Recalcitrant Tinea (ITART) Consensus on the Management of Glabrous Tinea (INTACT). Indian Dermatol Online J 2020; 11:502-519. [PMID: 32832435 PMCID: PMC7413465 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_233_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Dermatophytosis has always been a common superficial mycosis in India. However, the past 6-7 years have seen an unprecedented increase in the number of patients affected by recurrent, chronic, recalcitrant and steroid modified dermatophytosis involving the glabrous skin (tinea corporis, tinea cruris and tinea faciei). Importantly, there has been a notable decrease in clinical responsiveness to commonly used antifungals given in conventional doses and durations resulting in difficult-to-treat infections. Considering that scientific data on the management of the current epidemic of dermatophytosis in India are inadequate, the Indian Association of Dermatologists, Venereologists and Leprologists (IADVL) Task force Against Recalcitrant Tinea (ITART) has formulated a consensus statement on the management of dermatophytosis in India. Methods: Seventeen dermatologists with a focussed interest in dermatophytosis participated in a Delphi consensus method, conducted in three rounds. They responded as either “agree” or “disagree” to 132 statements prepared by the lead experts and gave their comments. Consensus was defined as an agreement of 80% or higher concurrence. Statements on which there was no consensus were modified based on the comments and were then recirculated. The results were finally analysed in a face-to-face meeting and the responses were further evaluated. A draft of the consensus was circulated among the participants and modified based on their inputs. Results: Consensus was achieved on 90 of the 132 statements. Direct microscopy using potassium hydroxide mount was recommended in case of diagnostic difficulty on clinical examination. Counselling of patients about strict adherence to general measures and compliance to treatment was strongly recommended as the key to successful management of dermatophytosis. A combination of systemic and topical antifungal drugs was recommended for the treatment of glabrous tinea in the current scenario. Topical corticosteroid use, whether used alone or in combination with other components, was strongly discouraged by all the experts. It was suggested that topical antifungals may be continued for 2 weeks beyond clinical resolution. Itraconazole and terbinafine were recommended to be used as the first line options in systemic therapy, whereas griseofulvin and fluconazole are alternatives. Terbinafine was agreed to be used as a first line systemic agent in treatment naïve and terbinafine naïve patients with glabrous tinea. Regular follow-up of patients to ensure compliance and monitoring of clinical response was recommended by the experts, both during treatment and for at least 4 weeks after apparent clinical cure. Longer duration of treatment was recommended for patients with chronic, recurrent and steroid modified dermatophytosis. Conclusion: Consensus in the management of dermatophytosis is necessary in the face of conventional regimens proving ineffective and dearth of clinical trials re-evaluating the role of available antifungals in the wake of evolving epidemiology of the infection in the country. It needs to be backed by more research to provide the required level of evidence. It is hoped that this consensus statement improves the quality of care for patients with dermatophytosis, which has emerged as a huge public health problem, imposing considerable financial burden on the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Rengasamy
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manjunath M Shenoy
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Yenepoya Medical College, Deralakatte, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karanataka, India
| | - Sunil Dogra
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelakandhan Asokan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Ananta Khurana
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shital Poojary
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, K. J. Somaiya Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jyothi Jayaraman
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ameet R Valia
- Consultant Dermatologist, Harganga Mahal Annexe, Dadar TT, India
| | - Kabir Sardana
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Yogesh Marfatia
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, SBKS Medical College, Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - P Narasimha Rao
- Consultant Dermatologist, Masab Tank, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ramesh M Bhat
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahendra Kura
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Grant Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepika Pandhi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, University College of Medical Sciences and GTBH, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyamanta Barua
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Vibhor Kaushal
- Consultant Dermatologist, Dr. Kaushal's Skin Clinic, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal infections of the feet normally occur in the outermost layer of the skin (epidermis). The skin between the toes is a frequent site of infection which can cause pain and itchiness. Fungal infections of the nail (onychomycosis) can affect the entire nail plate. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of topical treatments in successfully treating (rate of treatment failure) fungal infections of the skin of the feet and toenails and in preventing recurrence. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Register (January 2005), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2005), MEDLINE and EMBASE (from inception to January 2005). We screened the Science Citation Index, BIOSIS, CAB - Health and Healthstar, CINAHL DARE, NHS Economic Evaluation Database and EconLit (March 2005). Bibliographies were searched. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) using participants who had mycologically diagnosed fungal infections of the skin and nails of the foot. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently summarised the included trials and appraised their quality of reporting using a structured data extraction tool. MAIN RESULTS Of the 144 identified papers, 67 trials met the inclusion criteria. Placebo-controlled trials yielded the following pooled risk ratios (RR) of treatment failure for skin infections: allylamines RR 0.33 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.44); azoles RR 0.30 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.45); ciclopiroxolamine RR 0.27 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.66); tolnaftate RR 0.19 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.44); butenafine RR 0.33 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.45); undecanoates RR 0.29 (95% CI 0.12 - 0.70). Meta-analysis of 11 trials comparing allylamines and azoles showed a risk ratio of treatment failure RR 0.63 (95% CI 0.42 to 0.94) in favour of allylamines. Evidence for the management of topical treatments for infections of the toenails is sparser. There is some evidence that ciclopiroxolamine and butenafine are both effective but they both need to be applied daily for prolonged periods (at least 1 year). The 6 trials of nail infections provided evidence that topical ciclopiroxolamine has poor cure rates and that amorolfine might be substantially more effective but more research is required. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Placebo-controlled trials of allylamines and azoles for athlete's foot consistently produce much higher percentages of cure than placebo. Allylamines cure slightly more infections than azoles and are now available OTC. Further research into the effectiveness of antifungal agents for nail infections is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Crawford
- University of Dundee, Tayside Centre for General Practice, MacKenzie Building, Kirsty Semple Way, Edinburgh, UK, EH3 8DE.
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Ledezma E, Apitz-Castro R. Ajoene, el principal compuesto activo derivado del ajo (Allium sativum), un nuevo agente antifúngico. Rev Iberoam Micol 2006; 23:75-80. [PMID: 16854181 DOI: 10.1016/s1130-1406(06)70017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The curative properties of garlic in medicine have been known for a long time. But, it was only in the last three decades when garlic properties were seriously investigated confirming its potential as therapeutic agent. Allicin, ajoene, thiosulfinates and a wide range of other organosulphurate compounds, are known to be the constituents linked to the garlic properties. Regarding the biochemical properties of these compounds, ajoene [(E,Z)-4,5,9 Trithiadodeca 1,6,11 Triene 9-oxide] is stable in water, and it can be obtained by chemical synthesis. There is evidence that some of the garlic constituents exert a wide variety of effects on different biological systems. However, ajoene is the garlic compound related to more biological activities, as showed in in vitro and in vivo systems. Those studies found that ajoene has antithrombotic, anti-tumoral,antifungal, and antiparasitic effects. This study deals with a recently described antifungal property of ajoene, and its potential use in clinical trails to treat several fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliades Ledezma
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Oriente, Núcleo Anzoátegui, Puerto la Cruz, Venezuela.
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