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de Waard-van der Spek FB, Darsow U, Mortz CG, Orton D, Worm M, Muraro A, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Grimalt R, Spiewak R, Rudzeviciene O, Flohr C, Halken S, Fiocchi A, Borrego LM, Oranje AP. EAACI position paper for practical patch testing in allergic contact dermatitis in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2015; 26:598-606. [PMID: 26287570 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in children appears to be on the increase, and contact sensitization may already begin in infancy. The diagnosis of contact dermatitis requires a careful evaluation of a patient's clinical history, physical examination, and skin testing. Patch testing is the gold standard diagnostic test. METHODS Based on consensus, the EAACI Task Force on Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Children produced this document to provide details on clinical aspects, the standardization of patch test methodology, and suggestions for future research in the field. RESULTS We provide a baseline list of test allergens to be tested in children with suspected ACD. Additional tests should be performed only on specific indications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulf Darsow
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie am Biederstein, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Charlotte G Mortz
- Department of Dermatology & Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - David Orton
- Department of Dermatology & Allergy, Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Uxbridge (London), UK
| | - Margitta Worm
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy-Center Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonella Muraro
- Department of Pediatrics, Padua General University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Ramon Grimalt
- Department of Dermatology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Radoslaw Spiewak
- Department of Experimental Dermatology and Cosmetology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Odilija Rudzeviciene
- Clinic of Children's Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Carsten Flohr
- Department of Paediatric Allergy & Dermatology, St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital & King's College London, London, UK
| | - Susanne Halken
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Alessandro Fiocchi
- Department of Pediatrics - Chief Division of Allergy, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesu, Roma, Vatican City, Italy
| | - Luis Miguel Borrego
- Department of Allergology/Immunology, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon and NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Arnold P Oranje
- Department of Dermatology, Dermicis Skin Hospital, Alkmaar, Foundation Pediatric Dermatology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Paller AS, Hawk JLM, Honig P, Giam YC, Hoath S, Mack MC, Stamatas GN. New insights about infant and toddler skin: implications for sun protection. Pediatrics 2011; 128:92-102. [PMID: 21646256 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is increasingly recognized as a component of the innate immune response, in addition to its role as a physical barrier. Although the deleterious effects of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), including immunosuppression and cutaneous tumorigenesis, are widely acknowledged, most studies to date have concentrated on adult skin. Despite the more sensitive nature of infant and toddler skin, little is known about its responses to UVR exposure, whether acute or long-term. Accumulating evidence suggests not only that the skin's barrier protection remains immature throughout at least the first 2 years of life but also that accumulation of UVR-induced changes in the skin may begin as early as the first summer of life. Such evidence not only affirms the importance of sun protection during the infant and toddler years but underscores the need for more research to establish evidence-based standards of care in this area. In this article we review recent studies in which differences between the skin properties of infants and young children and those of adults were compared, and we discuss the implications of these differences for sun-protection practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Paller
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St Clair St, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Lin F, Song S, Liu L, Kuang H, Wang L, Xu C. Development of the detection of benzophenone in recycled paper packaging materials by ELISA. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2010.523781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lin
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Shanshan Song
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Hua Kuang
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, 214122, Wuxi, China
- b State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Libing Wang
- c Human Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau , Changsha, 410001, PR China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, 214122, Wuxi, China
- b State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, 214122, Wuxi, China
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Shaw T, Simpson B, Wilson B, Oostman H, Rainey D, Storrs F. True Photoallergy to Sunscreens Is Rare Despite Popular Belief. Dermatitis 2010. [DOI: 10.2310/6620.2010.10016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Titanium dioxide determination in sunscreen by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence methodology. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 613:135-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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