1
|
Ding J, He X, Lin W, Xia S. Exploring the relationship between vitamin D and hepatic carcinoma in individuals diagnosed with hepatitis B virus infection. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102457. [PMID: 39216591 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to examine the distribution and prognostic implications of serum vitamin D levels among individuals diagnosed with primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) attributable to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. METHODS A total of 345 patients diagnosed with HBV infection were enrolled in our hospital between August 2014 and October 2020. Among these, 144 individuals were diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 66 individuals were diagnosed with HBV-related hepatic cirrhosis (HBV cirrhosis), and 135 individuals were diagnosed with HBV-related PHC (HBV-PHC). Peripheral serum levels of vitamin D were measured. Patients with cirrhosis underwent examination using the Child-Pugh grading system, and the mortality rates at 1-year and 3-year intervals for patients with HBV-PHC were analyzed. RESULTS Vitamin D levels in peripheral serum in the CHB group, HBV cirrhosis group, and HBV-PHC group exhibited varying degrees of reduction compared to healthy individuals. Significant differences were observed between the three groups (F = 4.02, P = 0.019). No significant difference was observed in vitamin D levels between different Child-Pugh grades within the HBV cirrhosis group (F = 0.89, P = 0.417). However, significant differences were observed in vitamin D levels between different Child-Pugh grades within the HBV-PHC group (F = 4.84, P = 0.009). There was no significant difference in 1-year and 3-year mortality rates between patients diagnosed with HBV-PHC and with varying vitamin D levels (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D levels decreased to varying degrees in patients diagnosed with CHB, HBV cirrhosis, and PHC. This decrease was well correlated with disease progression (HBV-PHC group < HBV cirrhosis group < CHB group). In cases where hepatic function was comparable, there was no discernible correlation between serum vitamin D level and mortality rates from PHC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing 225400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaomin He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing 225400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wubin Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing 225400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shulin Xia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing 225400, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Markotić A, Kelava T, Markotić H, Silovski H, Mrzljak A. Vitamin D in liver cancer: novel insights and future perspectives. Croat Med J 2022; 63:187-196. [PMID: 35505652 DOI: pmid/35505652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has been a focus of attention in liver cancer due to its direct and indirect antineoplastic effects. This review critically evaluates data from recently published basic and clinical studies investigating the role of vitamin D in liver cancer. Basic studies indicate that vitamin D plays an important role in liver cancer development by suppressing the activity of hepatic stellate cells and Kupffer cells. Furthermore, vitamin D has a direct anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic, proapoptotic, and prodifferentiative effect on liver cancer cells. Recent investigation suggested several interesting mechanisms of these actions, such as inactivation of Notch signaling, p27 accumulation, and tyrosine-protein kinase Met/extracellular signal-regulated kinases inhibition. On the other hand, data from clinical observational studies, although promising, are still inconclusive. Unfortunately, studies on the effect of vitamin D supplementation were generally focused on short-term outcomes of chronic liver diseases (liver enzyme levels or elastographic finding); therefore, there are still no reliable data on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on liver cancer occurrence or survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomislav Kelava
- Tomislav Kelava, Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Regulation of TREM1-Mediated Inflammation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/reports4020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), accounting for more than 90% of cases of primary liver cancer, is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Chronic inflammation precedes the development of cirrhosis and HCC. TREM (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell)-1 is an inflammatory marker and amplifier of inflammation that signals through PI3K and ERK1/2 to activate transcription factors, resulting in increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, causing chronic inflammation and predisposing the liver to carcinogenesis. Thus, targeting TREM-1 in HCC might be a potential therapeutic target. A low level of vitamin D has been associated with chronic inflammation and poor prognosis in HCC. Thus, we evaluated the effect of vitamin D on TREM-1 expression in the HCC cell line. Additionally, the effects of high mobility group box-1, lipopolysaccharide, and transcription factor PU.1 on the expression of TREM-1 in normal liver cells and HCC cells have been investigated in the presence and absence of vitamin D. The results showed increased expression of TREM-1 in HCC cells and with IL-6, TNF-α, LPS, and rHMGB-1 and decreased expression with calcitriol. Calcitriol also attenuated the effect of IL-6, TNF-α, LPS, and rHMGB-1 on TREM-1. Calcitriol treatment attenuated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. These results (in vitro) provide molecular and biochemical evidence that calcitriol significantly attenuates the expression of mediators of inflammation, and thus might be used therapeutically together with conventional treatment to delay the progression of HCC. Additionally, the negative regulation of TREM-1 by PU.1 suggests PU.1 as a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lai GY, Wang JB, Weinstein SJ, Parisi D, Horst RL, McGlynn KA, Männistö S, Albanes D, Freedman ND. Association of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D with Liver Cancer Incidence and Chronic Liver Disease Mortality in Finnish Male Smokers of the ATBC Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:1075-1082. [PMID: 29720370 PMCID: PMC6148352 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were linked to liver cancer and chronic liver disease (CLD) in laboratory studies, few epidemiologic studies have addressed the associations.Methods: Within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study, we measured 25(OH)D in baseline serum of 202 incident liver cancer cases and 225 CLD deaths that occurred during nearly 25 years of follow-up, and 427 controls. ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. We examined predetermined clinically defined cut-points, and season-specific and season-standardized quartiles.Results: Low serum 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with higher risk of liver cancer (<25 nmol/L vs. ≥50 nmol/L: 1.98; 95% CI, 1.22-3.20; Ptrend across categories = 0.003) and CLD mortality (1.93; 95% CI, 1.23-3.03; Ptrend = 0.006) in models adjusted for age and date of blood draw. After additional adjustment for body mass index, diabetes, smoking, and other potential confounders, the association remained statistically significant for liver cancer (1.91; 95% CI, 1.16-3.15; Ptrend = 0.008), but was somewhat attenuated for CLD mortality (1.67; 95% CI, 1.02-2.75; Ptrend = 0.05). Associations were similar for analyses using season-specific and season-standardized quartiles, and after excluding participants with diabetes, or hepatitis B or C.Conclusions: Our results suggest a possible preventive role for vitamin D against liver cancer and CLD, although the importance of the liver for vitamin D metabolism and the lack of information about underlying liver disease makes reverse causality a concern.Impact: Future studies are needed to evaluate associations of vitamin D with liver cancer and liver disease in other populations, particularly those with a different constellation of risk factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(9); 1075-82. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Y Lai
- Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Jian-Bing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gao W, Wang R, Wang X, Wu H, Wang Y, Lu X, Li L, Zheng J, Li W. Vitamin D serum levels and receptor genetic polymorphisms are associated with hepatitis B virus and HIV infections and IFN-λ levels. Biomark Med 2017; 11:733-740. [PMID: 29493287 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Vitamin D is involved in antiviral/antitumor activities. Its associations to hepatitis B virus (HBV), HIV and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are unclear. MATERIALS & METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on 232 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and 72 HIV-infected patients. The correlation between serum 25(OH)D3 and 25 vitamin D receptor single nucleotide polymorphisms to disease progression and interferons were evaluated. RESULTS The 25(OH)D3 was associated with HBV infection and progression. In HIV, it was linked to treatment responsiveness. In CHB, cirrhotic and HCC patients, it was associated with viral load. Fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms were related to disease progression in HBV infection. In HCC, IFN-λ levels were associated with 25(OH)D3 levels negatively. CONCLUSION Serum vitamin D level and vitamin D receptor genetic polymorphisms are associated with CHB and HIV disease progression and IFN-λs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Gao
- Center of Interventional Oncology & Liver Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Center of Interventional Oncology & Liver Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaofan Lu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li Li
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jiasheng Zheng
- Center of Interventional Oncology & Liver Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Li
- Center of Interventional Oncology & Liver Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Louka ML, Fawzy AM, Naiem AM, Elseknedy MF, Abdelhalim AE, Abdelghany MA. Vitamin D and K signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma. Gene 2017; 629:108-116. [PMID: 28764978 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver malignancy, and is now the six most common in between malignancies. Early diagnosis of HCC with prompt treatment increases the opportunity of patients to survive. With the advances in understanding the molecular biology of HCC, new therapeutic strategies to treat HCC have emerged. There is a growing consensus that vitamins are important for the control of various cancers. Biochemical evidence clearly indicates that HCC cells are responsive to the inhibitory effect of vitamin D, vitamin D analogues and vitamin K. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms used by vitamin D and K to influence the development of HCC and the latest development of vitamin analogues for potential HCC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manal L Louka
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Fawzy
- Biomedical Research Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman M Naiem
- Biomedical Research Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mustafa F Elseknedy
- Biomedical Research Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdelhalim
- Biomedical Research Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abdelghany
- Biomedical Research Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Elangovan H, Chahal S, Gunton JE. Vitamin D in liver disease: Current evidence and potential directions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:907-916. [PMID: 28064017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Consistent with its multifaceted nature, growing evidence links vitamin D with hepatic disease. In this review, we summarise the roles of vitamin D in different liver pathologies and explore the clinical utility of vitamin D-based treatments in hepatology. We find that the small number of clinical trials coupled with the profound heterogeneity of study protocols limits the strength of evidence needed to ascribe definite clinical value to the hormone in liver disease. Nevertheless, the experimental data is promising and further bench and bedside studies will likely define a clearer role in hepatic therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harendran Elangovan
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarinder Chahal
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jenny E Gunton
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Westmead Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hargrove L, Francis T, Francis H. Vitamin D and GI cancers: shedding some light on dark diseases. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2014; 2:9. [PMID: 25332985 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2013.03.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
VITAMIN D SYNTHESIS AND SIGNALING AFFECTS NUMEROUS CELLULAR PROCESSES INCLUDING: proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. It is now commonly recognized that low levels of vitamin D are associated with a greater risk of tumorigenesis. Cancers of the gastrointestinal tract are most often difficult to diagnose and treat as patients typically present with progressed disease. Basic research, clinical trials and population studies have supported the concept that treatment with Vitamin D may be a therapeutic option when treating GI cancers, however treatments must be individualized and monitored closely as the side effects from Vitamin D treatment can be increasingly harmful. This review will highlight the most recent findings regarding Vitamin D signaling and GI cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hargrove
- 1 Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, 2 Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Scott & White Healthcare and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Taylor Francis
- 1 Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, 2 Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Scott & White Healthcare and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Heather Francis
- 1 Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, 2 Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Scott & White Healthcare and Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Özerkan D, Özsoy N, Yılmaz E. Vitamin D and melatonin protect the cell's viability and ameliorate the CCl4 induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 and Hep3B hepatoma cell lines. Cytotechnology 2014; 67:995-1002. [PMID: 24997582 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is widely used to induce liver toxicity in in vitro/in vivo models. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) begins with toxicity and affects cell viability. Recently, the beneficial effects of melatonin and Vitamin D on cell proliferation in human normal and cancer cells were found. This study was planned to evaluate antioxidant and cytoprotective activity of melatonin and Vitamin D in CCl4 induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 and Hep3B hepatoma cell lines. Based on the cytotoxicity assay, melatonin and Vitamin D were evaluated for cytotoprotective potential against CCl4 induced toxicity in HepG2 and Hep3B liver cell lines by monitoring cell viability, LPO and glutathione (GSH) level. Different dosages of CCl4 (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 % v/v) were applied to HepG2 and Hep3B cells in order to determine the most toxic dosage of it in a time dependent manner. The same experiments were repeated with exogenously applied melatonin (MEL) and Vitamin D to groups treated with/without CCL4. Cell viability was determined with MTT measurements at the 2nd, 24th and 48th h. GSH content and Malondialdehyde levels were measured from the cell lysates. As a result, both melatonin and Vitamin D administration during CCl4 exposure protected liver cells from CCl4 induced cell damage. Increase in LPO and decrease in GSH were found in the CCl4 groups of both cells. Contrary to these results administration of MEL and Vitamin D on cells exhibited results similar to the control groups. Therefore, melatonin and Vitamin D might be a promising therapeutic agent in several toxic hepatic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilşad Özerkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kastamonu University, 37100, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | - Nesrin Özsoy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Tandogan, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Erkan Yılmaz
- Institute of Biotechnology, Ankara University, Tandogan, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The active form of vitamin D(3), 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) or calcitriol, is known to inhibit the proliferation and invasiveness of many types of cancer cells, including prostate and liver cancer cells. These findings support the use of 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) for prostate and liver cancer therapy. However, 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) can cause hypercalcemia, thus, analogs of 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) that are less calcemic but exhibit potent antiproliferative activity would be attractive as therapeutic agents. We have developed 2α-functional group substituted 19-norvitamin D(3) analogs with and without 14-epimerization. Among them, 2α- and 2β-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1α,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D(3) (MART-10 and -11, respectively) and 14-epi-2α- and 14-epi-2β-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1α,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D(3) (14-epi-MART-10 and 14-epi-MART-11, respectively) were found to be the most promising. In this review, we discuss the synthesis of this unique class of vitamin D analogs, the molecular mechanism of anticancer actions of vitamin D, and the biological evaluation of these analogs for potential application to the prevention and treatment of prostate and liver cancer.
Collapse
|
11
|
In vitro evaluation of the thermosensitive and magnetic nanoparticles for the controlled drug delivery of vitamin D3. Macromol Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-013-1047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
12
|
Shirts BH, Howard MT, Hasstedt SJ, Nanjee MN, Knight S, Carlquist JF, Anderson JL, Hopkins PN, Hunt SC. Vitamin D dependent effects of APOA5 polymorphisms on HDL cholesterol. Atherosclerosis 2012; 222:167-74. [PMID: 22425169 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D and serum lipid levels are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. We sought to determine if vitamin D (25OHD) interacts at established lipid loci potentially explaining additional variance in lipids. METHODS 1060 individuals from Utah families were used to screen 14 loci for SNPs potentially interacting with dietary 25OHD on lipid levels. Identified putative interactions were evaluated for (1) greater effect size in subsamples with winter measures, (2) replication in an independent sample, and (3) lack of gene-environment interaction for other correlated dietary factors. Maximum likelihood models were used to evaluate interactions. The replicate sample consisted of 2890 individuals from the Family Heart Study. Putative 25OHD receptor binding site modifying SNPs were identified and allele-specific, 25OHD-dependent APOA5 promoter activity examined using luciferase expression assays. An additional sample with serum 25OHD measures was analyzed. RESULTS An rs3135506-25OHD interaction influencing HDL-C was identified. The rs3135506 minor allele was more strongly associated with low HDL-C in individuals with low winter dietary 25OHD in initial and replicate samples (p=0.0003 Utah, p=0.002 Family Heart); correlated dietary factors did not explain the interaction. SNP rs10750097 was identified as a putative causative polymorphism, was associated with 25OHD-dependent changes in APOA5 promoter activity in HEP3B and HEK293 cells (p<0.01), and showed similar interactions to rs3135506 in family cohorts. Linear interactions were not significant in samples with serum 25OHD measures; however, genotype-specific differences were seen at deficient 25OHD levels. CONCLUSIONS A 25OHD receptor binding site modifying APOA5 promoter polymorphism is associated with lower HDL-C in 25OHD deficient individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Shirts
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chiang KC, Yeh CN, Chen HY, Lee JM, Juang HH, Chen MF, Takano M, Kittaka A, Chen TC. 19-Nor-2α-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (MART-10) is a potent cell growth regulator with enhanced chemotherapeutic potency in liver cancer cells. Steroids 2011; 76:1513-9. [PMID: 21888924 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The discovery that the active form of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1α,25(OH)(2)D] can modulate cellular proliferation and differentiation of cancer cells has led to its potential application as a chemotherapeutic agent to treat a variety of cancers. However, the use of 1α,25(OH)(2)D is limited due to its lethal side effect of hypercalcemia upon systemic administration. To overcome this drawback, numerous analogs have been synthesized. In this report, we examined the anti-proliferative activity of a new analog, 19-nor-2α-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) (MART-10), in HepG2 liver cancer cells, and studied the potential mechanisms mediating this action. We found that MART-10 exhibited approximately 100-fold greater activity than 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) in inhibiting HepG2 cell proliferation as determined by cell number counting method. MART-10 was also approximately 100-fold more potent than 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) in the upregulation of p21 and p27, that in turn arrested HepG2 cells at the G(0)/G(1) phase to a greater extent. Given that no active caspase 3 was detected and treatment with 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) or MART-10 did not further increase the fractions of apoptotic and necrosis cells over the controls, the growth-inhibitory effect of 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) and MART-10 on HepG2 cells may not involve apoptosis. Overall, our findings suggest that MART-10 is a good candidate as a novel therapeutic regimen against liver cancer. Further pre-clinical studies using animal models and the subsequent human clinical trials are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
The non-classical actions of vitamin D, namely antiproliferation, pro-differentiation, pro-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, and immune regulation, have received great attention during the past decade. Increasing evidence from epidemiological studies showing the inverse association between vitamin D status and incidence of many forms of cancer as well as biochemical studies has suggested that vitamin D deficiency may play a role in the cause and progression of these types of cancer. Recently, vitamin D and its analogs have been deemed as potential regimen to treat a variety of cancers alone or in combination with other drugs. Although, the epidemiologic evidence regarding the association of vitamin D and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still inconclusive, biochemical evidence clearly indicates that HCC cells are responsive to the inhibitory effect of vitamin D and its analogs. In this review, we discuss the current status of HCC and its treatment, the source, metabolism, functions, and the mechanism of actions of vitamin D, and the biochemical studies of vitamin D analogs and their implications in the prevention and treatment of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
The biologically active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)(2)D3,] possess in vitro multiple anti-cancer activities including growth arrest, induction of apoptosis and differentiation of a variety of different types of malignant cells. However, its use as a therapeutic agent is hindered by its calcemic effects. Analogs of 1,25(OH)(2)D3 have enhanced anti-tumor activity, with reduced calcemic effects. However, limited clinical studies using vitamin D compounds have not yet achieved major clinical success. Nevertheless, pre-clinical studies suggest that the combination of either 1,25(OH)(2)D3 or its analogs with other agents can have additive or synergistic anti-cancer activities, suggesting future clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quang T Luong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wehmeier K, Beers A, Haas MJ, Wong NCW, Steinmeyer A, Zugel U, Mooradian AD. Inhibition of apolipoprotein AI gene expression by 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2005; 1737:16-26. [PMID: 16236546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2005.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2005] [Revised: 07/28/2005] [Accepted: 09/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Members of the steroid receptor superfamily are known to alter the transcription of apolipoprotein AI (apo AI), the major apoprotein of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). To assess the role of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in apo AI gene expression, we investigated the effect of 1alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1, 25-(OH)2 D3) as well as the vitamin D antagonist ZK-191784 (ZK), on apo AI gene expression and promoter activity in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Apo AI secretion and mRNA levels were both suppressed in a dose-dependent manner in HepG2 cells treated 1, 25-(OH)2 D3. This was accompanied by a similar decrease in apo AI promoter activity. Mapping of the vitamin D response element showed that suppression required a region of the apo AI gene promoter identified previously to contain site A. However, vitamin D treatment had no effect on nuclear factor binding to site A of the apo AI promoter. Treatment with vitamin D receptor antagonist ZK inhibited the ability of 1, 25-(OH)2 D3 to repress apo AI promoter activity, while higher doses of ZK increased apo AI promoter activity. ZK did not alter estradiol stimulated apo AI promoter activity. The VDR antisense ODN had no effect on apo AI promoter activity in control cells, however, it reversed the repression normally seen in cells treated with 1, 25-(OH)2D3. It is concluded that 1, 25-(OH)2 D3 suppresses apo A1 gene expression at the transcriptional level, possibly by altering coactivators or corepressors. This effect requires the VDR as well as a vitamin D response element in the apo AI promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kent Wehmeier
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yildiz F, Kars A, Cengiz M, Yildiz O, Akyürek S, Selek U, Ozyigit G, Atahan IL. 1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D3: can it be an effective therapeutic option for aggressive fibromatosis. Med Hypotheses 2005; 64:333-6. [PMID: 15607567 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2004.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2004] [Accepted: 07/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive fibromatosis (AF), also known as desmoid tumor is a monoclonal fibroblastic proliferation in a collagen matrix that arises in musculoaponeurotic structures. Though considered as benign, they are locally invasive and their propensity for recurrence after conservative surgery is well documented. Addition of postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy produces higher local control rates, although recurrence rates are still high in patients with positive margins. The antineoplastic activity of vitamin D has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo models of several cancers. The proposed mechanisms for antineoplastic activity include inhibition of proliferation associated with cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis and reduction in invasiveness and angiogenesis. It has also been shown that vitamin D has a negative impact on collagen homeostasis by inhibiting the formation and increasing its degradation. Since vitamin D has an antineoplastic activity and negative effect on collagen synthesis and deposition, it is proposed that 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 can be a right therapeutic option for the management of desmoid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Yildiz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pourgholami MH, Morris DL. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in lipiodol for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: cellular, animal and clinical studies. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2004; 89-90:513-8. [PMID: 15225830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25-(OH)(2) D(3)) is a potent regulator of cell growth and differentiation, with recent evidence showing inhibition of tumor invasion, angiogenesis and tumor cell death. The growth-inhibitory properties of 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) could be harnessed in the treatment of patients with cancer if the development of systemic hypercalcemia is avoided. Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) presents a setting where the tumor is accessible for treatment through the hepatic artery and also where the tumor is highly lipiodol avid. On this basis, we hypothesised that, 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) dissolved in lipiodol and administered through the hepatic artery may prove to be a rational approach to the use of the drug in the treatment of HCCs. In brief, 6 years of work with 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) at cellular, animal and clinical level has provided us with plenty of support for this hypothesis. Sensitivity of HCCs in cell culture to 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3), growth retardation of human HCC xenografts in nude mice, uptake and retention of 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3)-lipiodol by liver tumors in cell culture and animals, escalation of the 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) dose by 100x without the development of hypercalcemia in both liver tumor bearing rats and in patients with HCC are some of the evidence that will be discussed in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Pourgholami
- University of New South Wales, Department of Surgery, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Norman AW, Mizwicki MT, Okamura WH. Ligand structure-function relationships in the vitamin D endocrine system from the perspective of drug development (including cancer treatment). Recent Results Cancer Res 2003; 164:55-82. [PMID: 12899514 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-55580-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
It has become readily apparent to many scientists and pharmaceutical companies that the vitamin D endocrine system offers a wide array of drug development opportunities. There are already successes, as noted by 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 (Roche, and Abbott) for renal osteodystrophy and osteoporosis and 1alpha(OH)D3 (Leo, Chugai, Teijin) for renal osteodystrophy and (in Japan) osteoporosis, 1alpha,24(OH)2-24-cyclopropyl-D3 (Dovonex) and 1alpha,24(OH)2D3 (Teijin) for psoriasis, and 19-nor-1alpha,25(OH)2D2 (Abbott) for renal osteodystrophy, as well as drugs under active development. Yet there are still many important and challenging drug development frontiers, particularly in the area of cancer treatment and immune system disorders where exploration is only in the initial early stages. In addition, the application of vitamin D-related drugs in neurology and brain pathology should not be overlooked. It is to be hoped that the cellular and molecular basis for the vexing problem of analog-induced hypercalcemia will be elucidated. Given that there are believed to be over 2000 analogs of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 already available for consideration, it is to be expected that over the next decade a significant number of new vitamin D structure-function drug development projects will be brought to conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W Norman
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dalhoff K, Dancey J, Astrup L, Skovsgaard T, Hamberg KJ, Lofts FJ, Rosmorduc O, Erlinger S, Bach Hansen J, Steward WP, Skov T, Burcharth F, Evans TRJ. A phase II study of the vitamin D analogue Seocalcitol in patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2003; 89:252-7. [PMID: 12865912 PMCID: PMC2394267 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumour, which has a poor prognosis. Surgical resection can be curative but most patients are inoperable and most chemotherapy agents have minimal activity in this disease. Seocalcitol, a vitamin D analogue, induces differentiation and inhibits growth in cancer cell lines and in vivo. The vitamin D receptor is expressed in hepatocytes and more abundantly in HCC cells. In total, 56 patients with inoperable advanced HCC were included in an uncontrolled study of oral Seocalcitol treatment for up to 1 year (with possible extension for responders). The dose was titrated according to serum calcium levels. The treatment effect was evaluated by regular CT scans. Out of 33 patients evaluable for tumour response, two had complete response (CR), 12 stable disease and 19 progressive disease. The CRs appeared after 6 and 24 months of treatment, and lasted for 29 and at least 36 months (patient still in remission when data censored). Seocalcitol was well tolerated; the most frequent toxicity was hypercalcaemia and related symptoms. Most patients tolerated a daily dose of 10 micro g of Seocalcitol. This is the first study showing activity, by reduction in tumour dimensions, of a differentiating agent in patients with an advanced bulky, solid tumour. Seocalcitol may have an effect in the treatment of HCC, especially in early disease when a prolonged treatment can be instituted. The survival benefit with or without tumour response should be determined in controlled studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Dalhoff
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark [2] 2Department of Hepatology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|