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Hewes AE, Cuban D, Groom DJE, Sargent AJ, Beltrán DF, Rico-Guevara A. Variable evidence for convergence in morphology and function across avian nectarivores. J Morphol 2022; 283:1483-1504. [PMID: 36062802 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nectar-feeding birds provide an excellent system in which to examine form-function relationships over evolutionary time. There are many independent origins of nectarivory in birds, and nectar feeding is a lifestyle with many inherent biophysical constraints. We review the morphology and function of the feeding apparatus, the locomotor apparatus, and the digestive and renal systems across avian nectarivores with the goals of synthesizing available information and identifying the extent to which different aspects of anatomy have morphologically and functionally converged. In doing so, we have systematically tabulated the occurrence of putative adaptations to nectarivory across birds and created what is, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive summary of adaptations to nectarivory across body systems and taxa. We also provide the first phylogenetically informed estimate of the number of times nectarivory has evolved within Aves. Based on this synthesis of existing knowledge, we identify current knowledge gaps and provide suggestions for future research questions and methods of data collection that will increase our understanding of the distribution of adaptations across bodily systems and taxa, and the relationship between those adaptations and ecological and evolutionary factors. We hope that this synthesis will serve as a landmark for the current state of the field, prompting investigators to begin collecting new data and addressing questions that have heretofore been impossible to answer about the ecology, evolution, and functional morphology of avian nectarivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Hewes
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David Cuban
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Derrick J E Groom
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alyssa J Sargent
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Diego F Beltrán
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alejandro Rico-Guevara
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, Washington, USA
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2
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Lindenmayer DB, Lane P, Crane M, Florance D, Foster CN, Ikin K, Michael D, Sato CF, Scheele BC, Westgate MJ. Weather effects on birds of different size are mediated by long-term climate and vegetation type in endangered temperate woodlands. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:675-685. [PMID: 30431211 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Species occurrence is influenced by a range of factors including habitat attributes, climate, weather, and human landscape modification. These drivers are likely to interact, but their effects are frequently quantified independently. Here, we report the results of a 13-year study of temperate woodland birds in south-eastern Australia to quantify how different-sized birds respond to the interacting effects of: (a) short-term weather (rainfall and temperature in the 12 months preceding our surveys), (b) long-term climate (average rainfall and maximum and minimum temperatures over the period 1970-2014), and (c) broad structural forms of vegetation (old-growth woodland, regrowth woodland, and restoration plantings). We uncovered significant interactions between bird body size, vegetation type, climate, and weather. High short-term rainfall was associated with decreased occurrence of large birds in old-growth and regrowth woodland, but not in restoration plantings. Conversely, small bird occurrence peaked in wet years, but this effect was most pronounced in locations with a history of high rainfall, and was actually reversed (peak occurrence in dry years) in restoration plantings in dry climates. The occurrence of small birds was depressed-and large birds elevated-in hot years, except in restoration plantings which supported few large birds under these circumstances. Our investigation suggests that different mechanisms may underpin contrasting responses of small and large birds to the interacting effects of climate, weather, and vegetation type. A diversity of vegetation cover is needed across a landscape to promote the occurrence of different-sized bird species in agriculture-dominated landscapes, particularly under variable weather conditions. Climate change is predicted to lead to widespread drying of our study region, and restoration plantings-especially currently climatically wet areas-may become critically important for conserving bird species, particularly small-bodied taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Lindenmayer
- Fenner School of Environment & Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Threatened Species Recovery Hub, National Environmental Science Program, Fenner School of Environment & Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Sustainable Farms, Fenner School of Environment & Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Peter Lane
- Fenner School of Environment & Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Mason Crane
- Fenner School of Environment & Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Sustainable Farms, Fenner School of Environment & Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Daniel Florance
- Fenner School of Environment & Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Sustainable Farms, Fenner School of Environment & Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Claire N Foster
- Fenner School of Environment & Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Karen Ikin
- Fenner School of Environment & Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Damian Michael
- Fenner School of Environment & Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Chloe F Sato
- Fenner School of Environment & Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ben C Scheele
- Fenner School of Environment & Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Threatened Species Recovery Hub, National Environmental Science Program, Fenner School of Environment & Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Martin J Westgate
- Fenner School of Environment & Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Lindenmayer DB, Lane P, Foster CN, Westgate MJ, Sato C, Ikin K, Crane M, Michael D, Florance D, Scheele BC. Do migratory and resident birds differ in their responses to interacting effects of climate, weather and vegetation? DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David B. Lindenmayer
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Threatened Species Recovery Hub, National Environmental Science Program, Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Sustainable Farms, Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Peter Lane
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Claire N. Foster
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Martin J. Westgate
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Chloe Sato
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Karen Ikin
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Mason Crane
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Sustainable Farms, Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Damian Michael
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Threatened Species Recovery Hub, National Environmental Science Program, Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Daniel Florance
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Sustainable Farms, Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Ben C. Scheele
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Threatened Species Recovery Hub, National Environmental Science Program, Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
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Greenville AC, Burns E, Dickman CR, Keith DA, Lindenmayer DB, Morgan JW, Heinze D, Mansergh I, Gillespie GR, Einoder L, Fisher A, Russell-Smith J, Metcalfe DJ, Green PT, Hoffmann AA, Wardle GM. Biodiversity responds to increasing climatic extremes in a biome-specific manner. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:382-393. [PMID: 29627562 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented rate of global environmental change is predicted for the next century. The response to this change by ecosystems around the world is highly uncertain. To address this uncertainty, it is critical to understand the potential drivers and mechanisms of change in order to develop more reliable predictions. Australia's Long Term Ecological Research Network (LTERN) has brought together some of the longest running (10-60years) continuous environmental monitoring programs in the southern hemisphere. Here, we compare climatic variables recorded at five LTERN plot network sites during their period of operation and place them into the context of long-term climatic trends. Then, using our unique Australian long-term datasets (total 117 survey years across four biomes), we synthesize results from a series of case studies to test two hypotheses: 1) extreme weather events for each plot network have increased over the last decade, and; 2) trends in biodiversity will be associated with recent climate change, either directly or indirectly through climate-mediated disturbance (wildfire) responses. We examined the biodiversity responses to environmental change for evidence of non-linear behavior. In line with hypothesis 1), an increase in extreme climate events occurred within the last decade for each plot network. For hypothesis 2), climate, wildfire, or both were correlated with biodiversity responses at each plot network, but there was no evidence of non-linear change. However, the influence of climate or fire was context-specific. Biodiversity responded to recent climate change either directly or indirectly as a consequence of changes in fire regimes or climate-mediated fire responses. A national long-term monitoring framework allowed us to find contrasting species abundance or community responses to climate and disturbance across four of the major biomes of Australia, highlighting the need to establish and resource long-term monitoring programs across representative ecosystem types, which are likely to show context-specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Greenville
- Long Term Ecological Research Network, Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Australia; Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Emma Burns
- Long Term Ecological Research Network, Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Australia; Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Christopher R Dickman
- Long Term Ecological Research Network, Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Australia; Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David A Keith
- Long Term Ecological Research Network, Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Australia; Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, University of New South Wales, Australia; NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, Hurstville, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David B Lindenmayer
- Long Term Ecological Research Network, Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Australia; Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - John W Morgan
- Long Term Ecological Research Network, Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Australia; Research Centre for Applied Alpine Ecology, Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dean Heinze
- Long Term Ecological Research Network, Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Australia; Research Centre for Applied Alpine Ecology, Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Mansergh
- Long Term Ecological Research Network, Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Australia; Research Centre for Applied Alpine Ecology, Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme R Gillespie
- Long Term Ecological Research Network, Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Australia; Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luke Einoder
- Long Term Ecological Research Network, Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Australia; Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Alaric Fisher
- Long Term Ecological Research Network, Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Australia; Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Jeremy Russell-Smith
- Long Term Ecological Research Network, Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Australia; Darwin Centre for Bushfire Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Daniel J Metcalfe
- Long Term Ecological Research Network, Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Australia; CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Tropical Forest Research Centre, Atherton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter T Green
- Long Term Ecological Research Network, Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Australia; Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Long Term Ecological Research Network, Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Australia; School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenda M Wardle
- Long Term Ecological Research Network, Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Australia; Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Hall M, Nimmo D, Bennett AF. At the Crossroads: Does the Configuration of Roadside Vegetation Affect Woodland Bird Communities in Rural Landscapes? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155219. [PMID: 27183227 PMCID: PMC4868280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In agricultural regions worldwide, linear networks of vegetation such as hedges, fencerows and live fences provide habitat for plant and animal species in heavily modified landscapes. In Australia, networks of remnant native vegetation along roadsides are a distinctive feature of many rural landscapes. Here, we investigated the richness and composition of woodland-dependent bird communities in networks of eucalypt woodland vegetation along roadsides, in an agricultural region in which >80% of native woodland and forest vegetation has been cleared. We stratified sites in a) cross sections and b) linear strips of roadside vegetation, to test the influence on woodland birds of site location and configuration in the linear network (the 'intersection effect'). We also examined the influence of tree size at the site, the amount of wooded vegetation surrounding the site, and the abundance of an aggressive native species, the noisy miner Manorina melanocephala. Birds were surveyed at 26 pairs of sites (cross section or linear strip) on four occasions. A total of 66 species was recorded, including 35 woodland species. The richness of woodland bird species was influenced by site configuration, with more species present at cross sections, particularly those with larger trees (>30 cm diameter). However, the strongest influence on species richness was the relative abundance of the noisy miner. The richness of woodland birds at sites where noisy miners were abundant was ~20% of that where miners were absent. These results recognise the value of networks of roadside vegetation as habitat for woodland birds in depleted agricultural landscapes; but highlight that this value is not realised for much of this vast vegetation network because of the dominance of the noisy miner. Nevertheless, roadside vegetation is particularly important where the configuration of networks create nodes that facilitate movement. Globally, the protection, conservation and restoration of such linear networks has an important influence on the persistence of biota within human-dominated landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hall
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, 3125, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Dale Nimmo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, 3125, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Land, Water and Society, School of Environmental Science, Charles Sturt University, Albury, 2640, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew F. Bennett
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, 3125, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Environment, Land. Water & Planning, 123 Brown St., Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
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Smith P, Smith J. Influence of fire regime and other habitat factors on a eucalypt forest bird community in south-eastern Australia in the 1980s. AUST J ZOOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/zo16053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated bird habitat relationships in extensive eucalypt forest in the Blue Mountains, New South Wales, in 1986–87, assessing the importance of fire regime variables compared with other habitat variables. Our study sites encompassed a wide range of postfire ages, fire frequencies and fire severity, but we found no major bird community differences corresponding to differences in fire regime. The more common forest bird species appeared well adapted to fire regime variation in the 1980s. Tree canopy height was a far greater influence, with more species and more birds in taller forests (interpreted as a result of higher soil fertility leading to higher productivity of bird foods and greater structural complexity in taller forests). Other trends were fewer birds where there was a rainforest understorey under the eucalypts (reflecting the general scarcity of rainforest birds in the Blue Mountains), and more birds where nectar-rich flowers were more abundant (reflecting the abundance of nectarivorous birds in the Blue Mountains, especially over winter). The climate has changed since the 1980s and fires threaten to become much more severe, extensive and frequent. How these changes will impact on forest birds, and what management responses are required, is a critical area for further study.
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7
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Do trees flower longer in the city? A comparison of flowering eucalyptus trees in streets, remnants and continuous forest and their association with nectarivorous birds. Urban Ecosyst 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-015-0515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Thomson JR, Maron M, Grey MJ, Catterall CP, Major RE, Oliver DL, Clarke MF, Loyn RH, Davidson I, Ingwersen D, Robinson D, Kutt A, MacDonald MA, Mac Nally R. Avifaunal disarray: quantifying models of the occurrence and ecological effects of a despotic bird species. DIVERS DISTRIB 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James R. Thomson
- Institute for Applied Ecology; The University of Canberra; Bruce ACT 2617 Australia
| | - Martine Maron
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management & Environmental Decisions Group; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Merilyn J. Grey
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution; La Trobe University; Bundoora Vic. 3086 Australia
| | | | - Richard E. Major
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum; 6 College St Sydney NSW 2010 Australia
| | - Damon L. Oliver
- Ecosystems and Threatened Species; South East Region; NSW Office of Environment and Heritage; PO Box 733 Queanbeyan NSW 2620 Australia
| | - Michael F. Clarke
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution; La Trobe University; Bundoora Vic. 3086 Australia
| | - Richard H. Loyn
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution; La Trobe University; Bundoora Vic. 3086 Australia
- formerly Department of Sustainability and Environment; Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research; PO Box 137 Heidelberg Vic. 3084 Australia
| | - Ian Davidson
- Regeneration Solutions; 15 Weir Street Wangaratta Vic. 3677 Australia
| | - Dean Ingwersen
- BirdLife Australia; 60 Leicester St Carlton Vic. 3053 Australia
| | - Doug Robinson
- Trust for Nature; level 5, 379 Collins St Melbourne Vic. 3000 Australia
| | - Alex Kutt
- ARCUE; School of Botany; University of Melbourne; Parkville Vic. 3010 Australia
| | - Michael A. MacDonald
- School of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 78, Hobart, Tasmania 7001. Current address: Centre for Conservation Science; Royal Society for the Protection of Birds; The Lodge; Sandy SG19 2DL UK
| | - Ralph Mac Nally
- Institute for Applied Ecology; The University of Canberra; Bruce ACT 2617 Australia
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Maron M, Grey MJ, Catterall CP, Major RE, Oliver DL, Clarke MF, Loyn RH, Mac Nally R, Davidson I, Thomson JR. Avifaunal disarray due to a single despotic species. DIVERS DISTRIB 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martine Maron
- School of Geography; Planning and Environmental Management & Environmental Decisions Group; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Merilyn J. Grey
- Department of Zoology; La Trobe University; Bundoora Vic 3086 Australia
| | | | | | - Damon L. Oliver
- Ecosystems and Threatened Species, South East; NSW Office of Environment and Heritage; PO Box 733 Queanbeyan NSW 2620 Australia
| | - Michael F. Clarke
- Department of Zoology; La Trobe University; Bundoora Vic 3086 Australia
| | - Richard H. Loyn
- Department of Zoology; La Trobe University; Bundoora Vic 3086 Australia
- Department of Sustainability and Environment; Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research; PO Box 137 Heidelberg Vic 3084 Australia
| | - Ralph Mac Nally
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Melbourne Vic 3800 Australia
| | - Ian Davidson
- Regeneration Solutions; 15 Weir Street Wangaratta Vic 3677 Australia
| | - James R. Thomson
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Melbourne Vic 3800 Australia
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10
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Tischler M, Dickman CR, Wardle GM. Avian functional group responses to rainfall across four vegetation types in the Simpson Desert, central Australia. AUSTRAL ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Korňan M, Holmes R, Recher H, Adamík P, Kropil R. Convergence in foraging guild structure of forest breeding bird assemblages across three continents is related to habitat structure and foraging opportunities. COMMUNITY ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/comec.14.2013.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Mettke-Hofmann C, Wink M, Braun M, Winkler H. Residency and a Broad Feeding Spectrum are Related to Extensive Spatial Exploration in Parrots*. Behav Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ars130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mac Nally R, Bennett AF, Thomson JR, Radford JQ, Unmack G, Horrocks G, Vesk PA. Collapse of an avifauna: climate change appears to exacerbate habitat loss and degradation. DIVERS DISTRIB 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00578.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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14
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Krauss SL, He T, Barrett LG, Lamont BB, Enright NJ, Miller BP, Hanley ME. Contrasting impacts of pollen and seed dispersal on spatial genetic structure in the bird-pollinated Banksia hookeriana. Heredity (Edinb) 2008; 102:274-85. [PMID: 19002205 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2008.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, pollen- and seed-dispersal distributions are characteristically leptokurtic, with significant consequences for spatial genetic structure and nearest-neighbour mating. However, most studies to date have been on wind- or insect-pollinated species. Here, we assigned paternity to quantify effective pollen dispersal over 9 years of mating, contrasted this to seed dispersal and examined their effects on fine-scale spatial genetic structure, within the bird-pollinated shrub Banksia hookeriana (Proteaceae). We used 163 polymorphic amplified fragment length polymorphism markers to assess genetic structure and pollen dispersal in a spatially discrete population of 112 plants covering 0.56 ha. Spatial autocorrelation analysis detected spatial genetic structure in the smallest distance class of 0-5 m (r=0.025), with no significant structure beyond 8 m. Experimentally quantified seed-dispersal distances for 337 seedlings showed a leptokurtic distribution around a median of 5 m, reaching a distance of 36 m. In marked contrast, patterns of pollen dispersal for 274 seeds departed strikingly from typical near-neighbour pollination, with a distribution largely corresponding to the spatial distribution of plants. We found very high multiple paternity, very low correlated paternity and an equal probability of siring for the 50 closest potential mates. Extensive pollen carryover was demonstrated by multiple siring in 83 of 86 (96.5%) two-seeded fruits. Highly mobile nectar-feeding birds facilitate this promiscuity through observed movements that were effectively random. As the incidence of bird-pollination is markedly greater in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region than elsewhere, our results have broad and novel significance for the evolution and conservation for many species in Gondwanan lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Krauss
- Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Fraser Avenue, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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15
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LAW BS, CHIDEL M. Quantifying the canopy nectar resource and the impact of logging and climate in spotted gum Corymbia maculata forests. AUSTRAL ECOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2008.01870.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Mac Nally R. Use of the Abundance Spectrum and Relative‐Abundance Distributions to Analyze Assemblage Change in Massively Altered Landscapes. Am Nat 2007; 170:319-30. [PMID: 17879184 DOI: 10.1086/519859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fragmentation of natural landscapes is a pervasive process in the world. Common models predict coherent change in assemblages, with less numerous species becoming locally extinct first, then species of intermediate abundance, and so forth. Relative-abundance distributions should change systematically in landscapes characterized by greater change. Such a predictable sequence of change is not evident in the avifaunas of landscapes of central Victoria, Australia, where relative-abundance patterns in more affected landscapes bear little resemblance to reference distributions. I provide two sets of analyses of relative-abundance distributions: (1) analyses that do not depend on the identity of individual species and (2) abundance spectra, which use ordered lists of species ranked by species' commonness in reference systems. While abundance spectra change dramatically in smaller remnants, relative-abundance distributions change little, suggesting that the "reorganization" of abundances occurs over ecological time frames. The dispersal-limited multinomial is a flexible distribution that may fit many data sets yet be unrelated to assumptions (species neutrality) and processes (fixed total numbers of individuals) of the unified neutral theory. A more complete understanding of human impacts at landscape scales must include capacities to predict those species that will be advantaged by change, as well as those that will be disadvantaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Mac Nally
- Australian Centre for Biodiversity: Analysis, Policy and Management, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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17
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Thomson JR, Mac Nally R, Fleishman E, Horrocks G. Predicting bird species distributions in reconstructed landscapes. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2007; 21:752-66. [PMID: 17531053 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00687.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Landscape optimization for biodiversity requires prediction of species distributions under alternative revegetation scenarios. We used Bayesian model averaging with logistic regression to predict probabilities of occurrence for 61 species of birds within highly fragmented box-ironbark forests of central Victoria, Australia. We used topographic, edaphic, and climatic variables as predictors so that the models could be applied to areas where vegetation has been cleared but may be replanted. Models were evaluated with newly acquired, independent data collected in large blocks of remnant native vegetation. Successful predictions were obtained for 18 of 45 woodland species (40%). Model averaging produced more accurate predictions than "single best" models. Models were most successful for smaller-bodied species that probably depend on particular vegetation types. Predictions for larger, generalist species, and seasonal migrants were less successful, partly because of changes in species distributions between model building (1995-1997) and validation (2004-2005) surveys. We used validated models to project occurrence probabilities for individual species across a 12,000-km2 region, assuming native vegetation was present. These predictions are intended to be used as inputs, along with landscape context and temporal dynamics, into optimization algorithms to prioritize revegetation. Longer-term data sets to accommodate temporal dynamics are needed to improve the predictive accuracy of models.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Thomson
- Australian Centre for Biodiversity: Analysis, Policy and Management, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, 3800 Australia
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HINGSTON ANDREWB, POTTS BRADM. Pollinator activity can explain variation in outcrossing rates within individual trees. AUSTRAL ECOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2005.01476.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mettke-Hofmann C, Wink M, Winkler H, Leisler B. Exploration of environmental changes relates to lifestyle. Behav Ecol 2004. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arh159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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TIMEWELL CAR, MAC NALLY R. Diurnal foraging-mode shifts and food availability in nectarivore assemblages during winter. AUSTRAL ECOL 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2004.01344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Law B, Mackowski C, Schoer L, Tweedie T. Flowering phenology of myrtaceous trees and their relation to climatic, environmental and disturbance variables in northern New South Wales. AUSTRAL ECOL 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-9993.2000.01009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Birds on edge: avian assemblages along forest-agricultural boundaries of central Victoria, Australia. Anim Conserv 2001. [DOI: 10.1017/s1367943001001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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