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Rajendran R, Rajendran V, Böttiger G, Stadelmann C, Shirvanchi K, von Au L, Bhushan S, Wallendszus N, Schunin D, Westbrock V, Liebisch G, Ergün S, Karnati S, Berghoff M. The small molecule fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor infigratinib exerts anti-inflammatory effects and remyelination in a model of multiple sclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2989-3007. [PMID: 37400950 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Fibroblast growth factors and receptors (FGFR) have been shown to modulate inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). The selective FGFR inhibitor infigratinib has been shown to be effective in cancer models. Here, we investigate the effects of infigratinib on prevention and suppression of first clinical episodes of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55 -induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The FGFR inhibitor infigratinib was given over 10 days from the time of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction or the onset of symptoms. The effects of infigratinib on proliferation, cytotoxicity and FGFR signalling proteins were studied in lymphocyte cell lines and microglial cells. KEY RESULTS Administration of infigratinib prevented by 40% and inhibited by 65% first clinical episodes of the induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In the spinal cord, infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages/microglia, destruction of myelin and axons were reduced by infigratinib. Infigratinib enhanced the maturation of oligodendrocytes and increased remyelination. In addition, infigratinib resulted in an increase of myelin proteins and a decrease in remyelination inhibitors. Further, lipids associated with neurodegeneration such as lysophosphatidylcholine and ceramide were decreased as were proliferation of T cells and microglial cells. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This proof of concept study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of targeting FGFRs in a disease model of multiple sclerosis. Application of oral infigratinib resulted in anti-inflammatory and remyelinating effects. Thus, infigratinib may have the potential to slow disease progression or even to improve the disabling symptoms of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjithkumar Rajendran
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vinothkumar Rajendran
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gregor Böttiger
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kian Shirvanchi
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Laureen von Au
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sudhanshu Bhushan
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Natascha Wallendszus
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Darja Schunin
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Victor Westbrock
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Srikanth Karnati
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Berghoff
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Xia X, Yu H, Li Y, Liang Y, Li G, Huang F. Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Management of Psoriasis Complicated with Depression. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:1287-1301. [PMID: 37223217 PMCID: PMC10202145 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s413887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory disease, and the mechanism that links psoriasis to depression is still elusive. Hence, this study aimed to elucidate the potential pathogenesis of psoriasis and depression comorbidity. Methods The gene expression profiles of psoriasis (GSE34248, GSE78097 and GSE161683) and depression (GSE39653) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) DataSets. Functional annotation, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module construction, and hub gene identification and co-expression analysis were performed, following identification of the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of psoriasis and depression. Results A total of 115 common DEGs (55 up-regulated and 60 down-regulated) were identified between psoriasis and depression. Functional analysis indicated that T cell activation and differentiation were predominantly implicated in the potential pathogenesis of these two diseases. In addition, Th17 cell differentiation and cytokines is closely related to both. Finally, 17 hub genes were screened, including CTLA4, LCK, ITK, IL7R, CD3D, SOCS1, IL4R, PRKCQ, SOCS3, IL23A, PDGFB, PAG1, TGFA, FGFR1, RELN, ITGB5 and TNXB, which re-emphasized the importance of the immune system in psoriasis and depression. Conclusion Our study reveals the common pathogenesis of psoriasis and depression. These common pathways and hub genes may apply to a molecular screening tool for depression in psoriasis patients, which could help dermatologists optimize patient management in routine care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichun Xia
- Department of Dermatology, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519050, People’s Republic of China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanxiang Li
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunting Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangqiang Li
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519050, People’s Republic of China
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Tipanee J, Samara-Kuko E, Gevaert T, Chuah MK, VandenDriessche T. Universal allogeneic CAR T cells engineered with Sleeping Beauty transposons and CRISPR-CAS9 for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3155-3175. [PMID: 35711141 PMCID: PMC9552804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells with inactivated donor T cell receptor (TCR) expression can be used as an "off-the-shelf" therapeutic modality for lymphoid malignancies, thus offering an attractive alternative to autologous, patient-derived T cells. Current approaches for T cell engineering mainly rely on the use of viral vectors. Here, we optimized and validated a non-viral genetic modification platform based on Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposons delivered with minicircles to express CD19-28z.CAR and CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoparticles to inactivate allogeneic TCRs. Efficient TCR gene disruption was achieved with minimal cytotoxicity and with attainment of robust and stable CD19-28z.CAR expression. The CAR T cells were responsive to CD19+ tumor cells with antitumor activities that induced complete tumor remission in NALM6 tumor-bearing mice while significantly reducing TCR alloreactivity and GvHD development. Single CAR signaling induced the similar T cell signaling signatures in TCR-disrupted CAR T cells and control CAR T cells. In contrast, TCR disruption inhibited T cell signaling/protein phosphorylation compared with the control CAR T cells during dual CAR/TCR signaling. This non-viral SB transposon-CRISPR-Cas9 combination strategy serves as an alternative for generating next-generation CD19-specific CAR T while reducing GvHD risk and easing potential manufacturing constraints intrinsic to viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaitip Tipanee
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building D, Room D365, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ermira Samara-Kuko
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building D, Room D365, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Gevaert
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Centre University Hospital Brussels (Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Brussel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marinee K Chuah
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building D, Room D365, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Thierry VandenDriessche
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building D, Room D365, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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4
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Karagiannaki I, Gourlia K, Lagani V, Pantazis Y, Tsamardinos I. Learning biologically-interpretable latent representations for gene expression data: Pathway Activity Score Learning Algorithm. Mach Learn 2022; 112:4257-4287. [PMID: 37900054 PMCID: PMC10600308 DOI: 10.1007/s10994-022-06158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecular gene-expression datasets consist of samples with tens of thousands of measured quantities (i.e., high dimensional data). However, lower-dimensional representations that retain the useful biological information do exist. We present a novel algorithm for such dimensionality reduction called Pathway Activity Score Learning (PASL). The major novelty of PASL is that the constructed features directly correspond to known molecular pathways (genesets in general) and can be interpreted as pathway activity scores. Hence, unlike PCA and similar methods, PASL's latent space has a fairly straightforward biological interpretation. PASL is shown to outperform in predictive performance the state-of-the-art method (PLIER) on two collections of breast cancer and leukemia gene expression datasets. PASL is also trained on a large corpus of 50000 gene expression samples to construct a universal dictionary of features across different tissues and pathologies. The dictionary validated on 35643 held-out samples for reconstruction error. It is then applied on 165 held-out datasets spanning a diverse range of diseases. The AutoML tool JADBio is employed to show that the predictive information in the PASL-created feature space is retained after the transformation. The code is available at https://github.com/mensxmachina/PASL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioulia Karagiannaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IESL-FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Vincenzo Lagani
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, 0162 Georgia
- JADBio, Gnosis Data Analysis PC, Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - Yannis Pantazis
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsamardinos
- Department of Computer Science, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- JADBio, Gnosis Data Analysis PC, Heraklion, Crete Greece
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
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5
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Chen B, Li C, Chang G, Wang H. Dihydroartemisinin targets fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) to inhibit interleukin 17A (IL-17A)-induced hyperproliferation and inflammation of keratinocytes. Bioengineered 2022; 13:1530-1540. [PMID: 35006038 PMCID: PMC8805964 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2021701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic immune-mediated disease that often has a serious negative impact on the physical and mental health of patients. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is a drug with anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects that may be involved in the autoimmune regulation of immune diseases. However, the effects of DHA on psoriasis have not been reported comprehensively. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DHA on abnormal proliferation and inflammation of epidermal keratinocyte cells in psoriasis and its mechanism of action. IL-17A-induced human epidermal keratin-forming cells (HaCaT) were used as a model. And after induction exposure to different concentrations of DHA, CCK-8, EDU staining, wound healing and Western blotting were performed to assess cell viability, proliferation, migration, differentiation and inflammatory factors, respectively. Subsequently, agonists of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) were added and the above experiments were repeated. The results showed that DHA obviously inhibited IL-17A-induced hyperproliferation, migration and expression of inflammatory factors in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, FGFR1 was highly expressed in IL-17A-induced HaCaT cells, and DHA inhibited its expression. However, the inhibitory effect of DHA on IL-17A-induced HaCaT cells was reversed after the addition of FGFR1 agonist. In conclusion, DHA could inhibit IL-17A-induced hyperproliferation and inflammation of keratinocytes by targeting FGFR1, which also provided a new target for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin TEDA Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tianjin Beichen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Guizhen Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin TEDA Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin TEDA Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
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6
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Akhand SS, Liu Z, Purdy SC, Abdullah A, Lin H, Cresswell GM, Ratliff TL, Wendt M. Pharmacologic Inhibition of FGFR Modulates the Metastatic Immune Microenvironment and Promotes Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:1542-1553. [PMID: 33093218 PMCID: PMC7710538 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of immunotherapy as a treatment for metastatic breast cancer is limited due to low numbers of infiltrating lymphocytes in metastatic lesions. Herein, we demonstrated that adjuvant therapy using FIIN4, a covalent inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), dramatically delayed the growth of pulmonary metastases in syngeneic models of metastatic breast cancer. In addition, we demonstrated in a syngeneic model of systemic tumor dormancy that targeting of FGFR enhanced the immunogenicity of the pulmonary tumor microenvironment through increased infiltration of CD8+ lymphocytes and reduced presence of myeloid suppressor cells. Similar impacts on immune cell infiltration were observed upon genetic depletion of FGFR1 in tumor cells, which suggested a direct influence of FGFR signaling on lymphocyte trafficking. Suppression of CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration was consistent with FGFR-mediated inhibition of the T-cell chemoattractant CXCL16. Initial attempts to concomitantly administer FIIN4 with immune checkpoint blockade failed due to inhibition of immune-mediated tumor cell killing via blockade of T-cell receptor signaling by FIIN4. However, this was overcome by using a sequential dosing protocol that consisted of FIIN4 treatment followed by anti-PD-L1. These data illustrate the complexities of combining kinase inhibitors with immunotherapy and provide support for further assessment of FGFR targeting as an approach to enhance antitumor immunity and improve immunotherapy response rates in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokine CXCL16
- Female
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Nude
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed S Akhand
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Zian Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Stephen C Purdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Ammara Abdullah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Gregory M Cresswell
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Timothy L Ratliff
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Michael Wendt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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Alack K, Weiss A, Krüger K, Höret M, Schermuly R, Frech T, Eggert M, Mooren FC. Profiling of human lymphocytes reveals a specific network of protein kinases modulated by endurance training status. Sci Rep 2020; 10:888. [PMID: 31964936 PMCID: PMC6972788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, the effects of endurance exercise training on lymphocyte physiology at the kinome level are largely unknown. Therefore, the present study used a highly sensitive peptide-based kinase activity profiling approach to investigate if the basal activity of tyrosine (Tyr) and serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) kinases of human lymphocytes is affected by the aerobic endurance training status. Results revealed that the activity of various tyrosine kinases of the FGFR family and ZAP70 was increased, whereas the activity of multiple Ser/Thr kinases such as IKKα, CaMK4, PKAα, PKCα+δ (among others) was decreased in lymphocytes of endurance trained athletes (ET). Moreover, functional associations between several differentially regulated kinases in ET-derived lymphocytes were demonstrated by phylogenetic mapping and network analysis. Especially, Ser/Thr kinases of the AGC-kinase (protein kinase A, G, and C) family represent exercise-sensitive key components within the lymphocytes kinase network that may mediate the long-term effects of endurance training. Furthermore, KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and Reactome pathway analysis indicate that Ras as well as intracellular signaling by second messengers were found to be enriched in the ET individuals. Overall, our data suggest that endurance exercise training improves the adaptive immune competence by modulating the activity of multiple protein kinases in human lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Alack
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Astrid Weiss
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mona Höret
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph Schermuly
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Torsten Frech
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Eggert
- Center for Extracorporeal Organ Support, Department of Internal Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Gocht A, Spriewald B, Distler JH, Ramsperger-Gleixner M, Ensminger SM, Weyand M, Heim C. Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Nintedanib Reduces Development of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in Murine Aortic Allografts. Transplant Direct 2018; 4:e367. [PMID: 30046657 PMCID: PMC6056280 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nintedanib is a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that blocks the action of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and the fibroblast growth factor receptor. All of these receptors have been shown to be involved in the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) after heart transplantation. We therefore hypothesized that blocking these tyrosine kinase receptors with nintedanib could prevent CAV. METHODS CBA/JRj (H2k) mice underwent an abdominal aortic transplantation with a graft derived from fully allogeneic C57BL/6JRj (H2b) mice. Nintedanib was given daily from the first day after transplantation until harvest on day 14 for polymerase chain reaction analysis of intragraft cytokine expression or harvest on day 30 for histological analysis of the graft. RESULTS Nintedanib treatment resulted in significantly reduced neointima formation in the aortic graft compared with untreated control allografts. Interestingly, the immigration of smooth muscle cells into the neointima was markedly reduced while graft infiltrating macrophages and T cells were not altered in nintedanib-treated animals. The expression of the growth factor PDGF was significantly reduced in the nintedanib group going along with a distinctly reduced expression of the corresponding receptors PDGFR α and -β. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with nintedanib caused a significant reduction of CAV development after aortic transplantation in mice. We hypothesize the attenuated neointima formation in nintedanib-treated animals to be mediated by a direct inhibition of intimal smooth muscle cell proliferation via reduced expression of PDGF and the appropriate receptors PDGFR α + β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Gocht
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Spriewald
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg H.W. Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Weyand
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Heim
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Valentini D, Rao M, Rane L, Rahman S, Axelsson-Robertson R, Heuchel R, Löhr M, Hoft D, Brighenti S, Zumla A, Maeurer M. Peptide microarray-based characterization of antibody responses to host proteins after bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 56:140-154. [PMID: 28161459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the world's most widely distributed vaccine, used against tuberculosis (TB), in cancer immunotherapy, and in autoimmune diseases due to its immunomodulatory properties. To date, the effect of BCG vaccination on antibody responses to host proteins has not been reported. High-content peptide microarrays (HCPM) offer a unique opportunity to gauge specific humoral immune responses. METHODS The sera of BCG-vaccinated healthy adults were tested on a human HCPM platform (4953 randomly selected epitopes of human proteins) to detect specific immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) responses. Samples were obtained at 56, 112, and 252 days after vaccination. Immunohistology was performed on lymph node tissue from patients with TB lymphadenitis. Results were analysed with a combination of existing and novel statistical methods. RESULTS IgG recognition of host peptides exhibited a peak at day 56 post BCG vaccination in all study subjects tested, which diminished over time. Primarily, IgG responses exhibited increased reactivity to ion transporters (sodium, calcium channels), cytokine receptors (interleukin 2 receptor β (IL2Rβ), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1)), other cell surface receptors (inositol, somatostatin, angiopoeitin), ribonucleoprotein, and enzymes (tyrosine kinases, phospholipase) on day 56. There was decreased IgG reactivity to transforming growth factor-beta type 1 receptor (TGFβR1) and, in agreement with the peptide microarray findings, immunohistochemical analysis of TB-infected lymph node samples revealed an overexpression of TGFβR in granulomatous lesions. Moreover, the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) showed increased reactivity on days 112 and 252, but not on day 56 post-vaccination. IgG to interleukin 4 receptor (IL4R) showed increased reactivity at 112 days post-vaccination, while IgG to IL2Rβ and FGFR1 showed decreased reactivity on days 112 and 252 as compared to day 56 post BCG vaccination. CONCLUSIONS BCG vaccination modifies the host's immune landscape after 56 days, but this imprint changes over time. This may influence the establishment of immunological memory in BCG-vaccinated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Valentini
- Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Rao
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lalit Rane
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sayma Rahman
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Axelsson-Robertson
- Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rainer Heuchel
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Löhr
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Hoft
- Division of Immunobiology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, Saint Louis University Medical Centre, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Susanna Brighenti
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Markus Maeurer
- Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Therapeutic Immunology (TIM), Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Wang F, Wang H, Wang L, Zhou S, Chang M, Zhou J, Dou Y, Wang Y, Shi X. Association Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in NFATC1 Signaling Pathway Genes and Susceptibility to Congenital Heart Disease in the Chinese Population. Pediatr Cardiol 2016; 37:1548-1561. [PMID: 27567908 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-016-1469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear factor of activated T lymphocytes (NFATC1) signaling has been demonstrated to play important roles in cardiac valve and septal development. Genetic variants in genes involved in NFATC1 signaling may affect their expression and promote the formation of congenital heart disease (CHD). The goal of this study was to investigate the associations of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in seven genes (NFATC1, VEGFR, VEGF, RANKL, FGFR1, BCL-6 and ZNRD1) with the risk of CHD. Twenty-nine polymorphisms were genotyped by using MassARRAY RS1000 platform in 277 CHD child patients and 293 controls from the Henan Province in China. Fours SNPs were excluded for the association analysis because of deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Of the 25 SNPs, only two were found to be significantly associated with increased CHD risk after Bonferroni correction (RANKL, rs4531631: homozygous, AA vs. GG; OR 2.38, 95 % CI 1.40-4.07, p = 0.001; recessive, AA vs. AG + GG; OR 2.54, 95 % CI 1.53-4.22, p = 0.0003; FGFR1, rs13317: recessive, CC vs. CT + TT; OR 2.06, 95 % CI 1.30-3.25, p = 0.00196). Our findings suggest rs4531631 and rs13317 may be potential biomarkers for genetic diagnosis and treatment of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyu Wang
- Henan Research Institute of Population and Family Planning, National Health and Family Planning Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, No. 26, Jingwu Road, Jinshui, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Haili Wang
- Henan Research Institute of Population and Family Planning, National Health and Family Planning Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, No. 26, Jingwu Road, Jinshui, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Henan Research Institute of Population and Family Planning, National Health and Family Planning Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, No. 26, Jingwu Road, Jinshui, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shiyuan Zhou
- Henan Research Institute of Population and Family Planning, National Health and Family Planning Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, No. 26, Jingwu Road, Jinshui, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Mingxiu Chang
- Henan Research Institute of Population and Family Planning, National Health and Family Planning Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, No. 26, Jingwu Road, Jinshui, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jiping Zhou
- Henan Research Institute of Population and Family Planning, National Health and Family Planning Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, No. 26, Jingwu Road, Jinshui, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yongheng Dou
- Henan Research Institute of Population and Family Planning, National Health and Family Planning Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, No. 26, Jingwu Road, Jinshui, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Henan Research Institute of Population and Family Planning, National Health and Family Planning Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, No. 26, Jingwu Road, Jinshui, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiangdong Shi
- Henan Research Institute of Population and Family Planning, National Health and Family Planning Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, No. 26, Jingwu Road, Jinshui, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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CHARGE syndrome: a review of the immunological aspects. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1451-9. [PMID: 25689927 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
CHARGE syndrome is caused by a dominant variant in the CHD7 gene. Multiple organ systems can be affected because of haploinsufficiency of CHD7 during embryonic development. CHARGE syndrome shares many clinical features with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Immunological abnormalities have been described, but are generally given little attention in studies on CHARGE syndrome. However, structured information on immunological abnormalities in CHARGE patients is necessary to develop optimal guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up in these patients. Here, we provide an overview of the current literature on immunological abnormalities in CHARGE syndrome. We also explore immunological abnormalities in comparable multiple congenital anomaly syndromes to identify common immunological phenotypes and genetic pathways that might regulate the immune system. Finally, we aim to identify gaps in our knowledge on the immunological aspects in CHARGE syndrome that need further study.
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Olauson H, Lindberg K, Amin R, Sato T, Jia T, Goetz R, Mohammadi M, Andersson G, Lanske B, Larsson TE. Parathyroid-specific deletion of Klotho unravels a novel calcineurin-dependent FGF23 signaling pathway that regulates PTH secretion. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003975. [PMID: 24348262 PMCID: PMC3861040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Klotho acts as a co-receptor for and dictates tissue specificity of circulating FGF23. FGF23 inhibits PTH secretion, and reduced Klotho abundance is considered a pathogenic factor in renal secondary hyperparathyroidism. To dissect the role of parathyroid gland resident Klotho in health and disease, we generated mice with a parathyroid-specific Klotho deletion (PTH-KL−/−). PTH-KL−/− mice had a normal gross phenotype and survival; normal serum PTH and calcium; unaltered expression of the PTH gene in parathyroid tissue; and preserved PTH response and sensitivity to acute changes in serum calcium. Their PTH response to intravenous FGF23 delivery or renal failure did not differ compared to their wild-type littermates despite disrupted FGF23-induced activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway. Importantly, calcineurin-NFAT signaling, defined by increased MCIP1 level and nuclear localization of NFATC2, was constitutively activated in PTH-KL−/− mice. Treatment with the calcineurin-inhibitor cyclosporine A abolished FGF23-mediated PTH suppression in PTH-KL−/− mice whereas wild-type mice remained responsive. Similar results were observed in thyro-parathyroid explants ex vivo. Collectively, we present genetic and functional evidence for a novel, Klotho-independent, calcineurin-mediated FGF23 signaling pathway in parathyroid glands that mediates suppression of PTH. The presence of Klotho-independent FGF23 effects in a Klotho-expressing target organ represents a paradigm shift in the conceptualization of FGF23 endocrine action. Inorganic calcium is a critical element for a diverse range of cellular processes ranging from cell signaling to energy metabolism, and its extracellular concentration is controlled by parathyroid hormone (PTH). Klotho is expressed in parathyroid chief cells and reported to facilitate PTH secretion during hypocalcemia and mediate FGF23 suppression of PTH synthesis and secretion. To dissect the role of parathyroid Klotho in health and disease, we generated parathyroid-specific Klotho knockout mice. The mutant mice had normal serum levels of PTH and calcium. Further, their parathyroid sensitivity to acute fluctuations in serum calcium and response to FGF23 treatment were preserved, and mutant mice developed secondary hyperparathyroidism of similar magnitude as wild-type mice when challenged with renal failure. A previously unknown parathyroid FGF23 signaling pathway involving calcineurin was constitutively activated in the mutant mice, and blocking this pathway abolished FGF23-induced suppression of PTH secretion. Our data challenges the concepts of Klotho as a mandatory factor for the acute hypocalcemic PTH response and decreased Klotho abundance as a pathogenic factor in secondary hyperparathyroidism. Finally, the presence of Klotho-independent FGF23 effects in a Klotho-expressing target organ represents a paradigm shift in the conceptualization of FGF23 endocrine action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Olauson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Lindberg
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Risul Amin
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tadatoshi Sato
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ting Jia
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Regina Goetz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Moosa Mohammadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Göran Andersson
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beate Lanske
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tobias E. Larsson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Nephrology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Acid fibroblast growth factor and peripheral nerve grafts regulate Th2 cytokine expression, macrophage activation, polyamine synthesis, and neurotrophin expression in transected rat spinal cords. J Neurosci 2011; 31:4137-47. [PMID: 21411654 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2592-10.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury elicits an inflammatory response that recruits macrophages to the injured spinal cord. Quantitative real-time PCR results have shown that a repair strategy combining peripheral nerve grafts with acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) induced higher interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, and IL-13 levels in the graft areas of rat spinal cords compared with transected spinal cords at 10 and 14 d. This led to higher arginase I-positive alternatively activated macrophage (M2 macrophage) responses. The gene expression of several enzymes involved in polyamine biosynthesis pathways was also upregulated in the graft areas of repaired spinal cords. The treatment induced a twofold upregulation of polyamine levels at 14 d, as confirmed by HPLC. Polyamines are important for the repair process, as demonstrated by the observation that treatment with inhibitors of arginase I and ornithine decarboxylase attenuates the functional recoveries of repaired rats. After 14 d, the treatment also induced the expression of neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as well as M2 macrophages within grafted nerves expressing BDNF. IL-4 was upregulated in the injury sites of transected rats that received aFGF alone compared with those that received nerve grafts alone at 10 d. Conversely, nerve graft treatment induced NGF and BDNF expression at 14 d. Macrophages expressing polyamines and BDNF may benefit axonal regeneration at 14 d. These results indicate that aFGF and nerve grafts regulate different macrophage responses, and M2 macrophages may play an important role in axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury in rats.
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Vardiman J, Hyjek E. World health organization classification, evaluation, and genetics of the myeloproliferative neoplasm variants. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2011; 2011:250-256. [PMID: 22160042 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2011.1.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
There is no single category in the fourth edition (2008) of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms that encompasses all of the diseases referred to by some authors as the myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) "variants." Instead, they are considered as distinct entities and are distributed among various subgroups of myeloid neoplasms in the classification scheme. These relatively uncommon neoplasms do not meet the criteria for any so-called "classical" MPN (chronic myelogenous leukemia, polycythemia vera, primary myelofibrosis, or essential thrombocythemia) and, although some exhibit myelodysplasia, none meets the criteria for any myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). They are a diverse group of neoplasms ranging from fairly well-characterized disorders such as chronic myelomonocytic leukemia to rare and thus poorly characterized disorders such as chronic neutrophilic leukemia. Recently, however, there has been a surge of information regarding the genetic infrastructure of neoplastic cells in the MPN variants, allowing some to be molecularly defined. Nevertheless, in most cases, correlation of clinical, genetic, and morphologic findings is required for diagnosis and classification. The fourth edition of the WHO classification provides a framework to incorporate those neoplasms in which a genetic abnormality is a major defining criterion of the disease, such as those associated with eosinophilia and abnormalities of PDGFRA, PDGFRB, and FGFR1, as well as for those in which no specific genetic defect has yet been discovered and which remain clinically and pathologically defined. An understanding of the clinical, morphologic, and genetic features of the MPN variants will facilitate their diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Vardiman
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Rossini M, Cheunsuchon B, Donnert E, Ma LJ, Thomas JW, Neilson EG, Fogo AB. Immunolocalization of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1), its receptor (FGFR-1), and fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP-1) in inflammatory renal disease. Kidney Int 2006; 68:2621-8. [PMID: 16316338 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family has functions in development, cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. While FGF-2 induces fibrosis, the role of FGF-1 in inflammation and fibrosis is less defined. We examined the expression of FGF-1 and FGF receptor (FGFR-1) to determine if renal diseases with varying etiologies of inflammation, including lupus nephritis (LN), acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) and acute rejection superimposed on chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN), showed varying patterns of expression. We also examined the expression of fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP-1), which has been linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrosis, to determine whether it was linked to potential profibrotic and inflammatory FGF-1 mechanisms. METHODS Proliferative LN (PLN) (N= 12), nonproliferative lupus nephritis (NPLN) (N= 5), AIN (N= 6), CAN (N= 4), and normal kidneys (N= 3) were studied. FGF, FGFR-1, and FSP-1 were localized by immunohistochemistry, and intensity scored on a 0 to 3+ scale. Double staining with CD68 and separate immunohistochemical staining for CD4 and CD8 with serial sections analysis were done to identify if T lymphocytes or macrophages showed staining for FGF-1 and FGFR-1 or FSP-1. RESULTS In normal kidneys, FGF-1 was expressed in mesangial cells (0.67 +/- 0.58), glomerular endothelial (0.67 +/- 0.58), visceral, and parietal epithelial cells (1.67 +/- 0.58). FGFR-1 showed a similar pattern of staining but also was expressed in tubular epithelium, and arterial endothelium and smooth muscle. Expression of FGF-1 was increased over normal in glomerular parenchymal cells only in CAN in podocytes (2.30 +/- 0.58 vs. 3.00 +/- 0.00) (P < 0.05) and parietal epithelial cells (1.67 +/- 0.58 vs. 2.25 +/- 0.50) (P < 0.05). Infiltrating glomerular and interstitial inflammatory cells in diseased glomeruli also expressed FGF-1 and FGFR-1. Tubular cells expressed slightly increased FGFR-1 in renal diseases vs. normal, whereas tubules remained negative for FGF-1 in diseased kidneys. FSP-1 expression was prominent in the interstitium in all kidneys with interstitial inflammation, and most prominent in CAN. Interstitial FSP-1+ cells were consistent with a myofibroblast-type morphology, and did not stain with CD-68. FSP-1 expression was closely associated with inflammatory cells expressing FGF-1 and FGFR-1. FSP-1 also showed positivity within crescents and occasional podocytes in PLN. CONCLUSION The expression of FGF-1 and FGFR-1 in infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages, and of FGFR-1 in tubules, is supportive, but does not prove causality, of the possibility that FGF-1 might have both autocrine and paracrine functions in renal inflammation. However, the initial stimulus for renal inflammation, whether immune complex, hypersensitivity or rejection, did not alter expression patterns of FGF-1 or its receptor. The colocalization of inflammatory infiltrates with interstitial fibrosis supports the possibility of a contribution of FGF-1 for chemotaxis and associated fibrosis, further supported by interstitial FSP-1 expression closely associated with these inflammatory cells expressing FGF-1 and FGFR-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Rossini
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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N/A. N/A. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12:1711-1714. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v12.i7.1711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
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