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Richard P, Roth F, Stojkovic T, Trollet C. Distrofia muscolare oculofaringea. Neurologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(16)81777-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Lithium chloride attenuates cell death in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy by perturbing Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e821. [PMID: 24091664 PMCID: PMC3824652 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Expansion of polyalanine tracts causes at least nine inherited human diseases. Among these, a polyalanine tract expansion in the poly (A)-binding protein nuclear 1 (expPABPN1) causes oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD). So far, there is no treatment for OPMD patients. Developing drugs that efficiently sustain muscle protection by activating key cell survival mechanisms is a major challenge in OPMD research. Proteins that belong to the Wnt family are known for their role in both human development and adult tissue homeostasis. A hallmark of the Wnt signaling pathway is the increased expression of its central effector, beta-catenin (β-catenin) by inhibiting one of its upstream effector, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β. Here, we explored a pharmacological manipulation of a Wnt signaling pathway using lithium chloride (LiCl), a GSK-3β inhibitor, and observed the enhanced expression of β-catenin protein as well as the decreased cell death normally observed in an OPMD cell model of murine myoblast (C2C12) expressing the expanded and pathogenic form of the expPABPN1. Furthermore, this effect was also observed in primary cultures of mouse myoblasts expressing expPABPN1. A similar effect on β-catenin was also observed when lymphoblastoid cells lines (LCLs) derived from OPMD patients were treated with LiCl. We believe manipulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may represent an effective route for the development of future therapy for patients with OPMD.
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Banerjee A, Apponi LH, Pavlath GK, Corbett AH. PABPN1: molecular function and muscle disease. FEBS J 2013; 280:4230-50. [PMID: 23601051 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The polyadenosine RNA binding protein polyadenylate-binding nuclear protein 1 (PABPN1) plays key roles in post-transcriptional processing of RNA. Although PABPN1 is ubiquitously expressed and presumably contributes to control of gene expression in all tissues, mutation of the PABPN1 gene causes the disease oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), in which a limited set of skeletal muscles are affected. A major goal in the field of OPMD research is to understand why mutation of a ubiquitously expressed gene leads to a muscle-specific disease. PABPN1 plays a well-documented role in controlling the poly(A) tail length of RNA transcripts but new functions are emerging through studies that exploit a variety of unbiased screens as well as model organisms. This review addresses (a) the molecular function of PABPN1 incorporating recent findings that reveal novel cellular functions for PABPN1 and (b) the approaches that are being used to understand the molecular defects that stem from expression of mutant PABPN1. The long-term goal in this field of research is to understand the key molecular functions of PABPN1 in muscle as well as the mechanisms that underlie the pathological consequences of mutant PABPN1. Armed with this information, researchers can seek to develop therapeutic approaches to enhance the quality of life for patients afflicted with OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Genotype and phenotype study of 34 Spanish patients diagnosed with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. J Neurol 2012; 259:1546-52. [PMID: 22231868 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-011-6374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy is an autosomal dominant adult-onset disease with several clinical features. The genetic cause is an expanded (GCN)n mutation coding for polyalanine. Severity and the age of onset are variable and may depend on the size of the unstable triplet. Our objectives were to correlate the genotypic and phenotypic features in 34 affected patients, and to complete the molecular analysis for a control Spanish population in order to confirm the (GCN)n polymorphism frequency observed in other populations. We found a correlation between impaired CPK levels and sex. No statistical differences were found when comparing the length in triplet expansion and other variables. The (GCN)n polymorphism's frequency observed in other countries could not be proven in ours. Moreover, no correlation was observed amongst the size of the mutation, the age of onset, and the phenotype. This fact suggests that other conditions apart from the already known genotype could influence the age of onset and the severity of the symptoms.
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Finsterer J. Involvement of the peripheral nerves in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. Clin Neurophysiol 2010; 121:803-4. [PMID: 20194049 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kuo HC, Chen CM, Lee-Chen GJ, Hu FJ, Chu CC, Liou CW, Huang CC. Study of a Taiwanese family with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. J Neurol Sci 2008; 278:21-4. [PMID: 19101703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late onset autosomal dominant muscle disorder. OPMD is caused by a short trinucleotide repeat expansion encoding an expanded polyalanine tract in the polyadenylate binding-protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) gene. We identified and characterized a PABPN1 mutation in a Taiwanese family with OPMD. METHODS The phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of all subjects were evaluated in a Taiwanese OPMD family. Genetic alterations in the PABPN1 gene were identified using PCR and DNA sequencing. RESULTS Ten subjects with OPMD (6 symptomatic and 4 asymptomatic) within the Taiwanese family carried a novel mutation in the PABPN1 gene. The normal (GCG)6(GCA)3GCG sequence was replaced by (GCG)6(GCA)(GCG)4(GCA)3GCG due to an insertion of (GCG)4GCA into the normal allele in the Taiwanese OPMD subjects. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to a single GCG expansion in most of OPMD patients in the literature, an insertion of (GCG)4GCA in the PABPN1 gene was found in the Taiwanese OPMD subjects. The identification of this mutation appears to support the molecular mechanism of unequal cross-over of two PABPN1 alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chou Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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A case of rare recessive oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) coexisting with hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP). Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2008; 110:525-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2008.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Semmler A, Kress W, Vielhaber S, Schröder R, Kornblum C. Variability of the recessive oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy phenotype. Muscle Nerve 2007; 35:681-4. [PMID: 17206657 DOI: 10.1002/mus.20726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is usually transmitted as an autosomal-dominant trait and characterized by an expansion from 6 to 8 or more GCG/GCA repeats in the poly-(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) gene on chromosome 14q11. Autosomal-recessive OPMD with a homozygous (GCG)7 expansion of PABPN1 has only been described in two Canadian patients, who showed a comparably mild phenotype, suggesting that it is less severe than the dominant form. We clinically and genetically characterized the first two reported cases of autosomal-recessive OPMD in Europe. Remarkably, both patients revealed severe and diverse phenotypes, with an unusual onset and atypical clinical course in one patient. Former studies found a 1%-2% frequency of the (GCG)7 allele, which theoretically produces an incidence of 1:10,000 of autosomal-recessive OPMD in the general population. We conclude that the apparent rarity of the autosomal-recessive form of OPMD may be due to the fact that genetic testing is generally administered only to patients with typical clinical features or a positive family history.
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Abu-Baker A, Rouleau GA. Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy: Recent advances in the understanding of the molecular pathogenic mechanisms and treatment strategies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2007; 1772:173-85. [PMID: 17110089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2006.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2006] [Revised: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is an adult-onset disorder characterized by progressive eyelid drooping, swallowing difficulties and proximal limb weakness. OPMD is caused by a small expansion of a short polyalanine tract in the poly (A) binding protein nuclear 1 protein (PABPN1). The mechanism by which the polyalanine expansion mutation in PABPN1 causes disease is unclear. PABPN1 is a nuclear multi-functional protein which is involved in pre-mRNA polyadenylation, transcription regulation, and mRNA nucleocytoplasmic transport. The distinct pathological hallmark of OPMD is the presence of filamentous intranuclear inclusions (INIs) in patient's skeletal muscle cells. The exact relationship between mutant PABPN1 intranuclear aggregates and pathology is not clear. OPMD is a unique disease sharing common pathogenic features with other polyalanine disorders, as well as with polyglutamine and dystrophic disorders. This chapter aims to review the rapidly growing body of knowledge concerning OPMD. First, we outline the background of OPMD. Second, we compare OPMD with other trinucleotide repeat disorders. Third, we discuss the recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying OPMD pathogenesis. Finally, we review recent therapeutic strategies for OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Abu-Baker
- Center for the Study of Brain Diseases, CHUM Research Center-Notre Dame Hospital, J.A. de Sève Pavillion, Room Y-3633, 1560, Sherbrooke Street East, Montreal, QC, Canada H2L 4M1
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Müller T, Deschauer M, Kolbe-Fehr F, Zierz S. Genetic heterogeneity in 30 German patients with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. J Neurol 2006; 253:892-5. [PMID: 16619122 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-006-0126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2005] [Revised: 12/15/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is due to short elongations of a polyalanine tract in the poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) gene. Originally GCG expansions in which (GCG)(6) is extended to (GCG)(7-13) were found. Subsequently five further genotypes with additional GCA- and GCG-trinucleotides were identified in single OPMD patients. This indicated larger genetic heterogeneity and showed that unequal crossing-over and not replication slippage must be the underlying mechanism of elongation.We performed sequencing of the PABPN1 gene in 30 German OPDM index patients to determine the exact genotype. The original GCG expansion ranging from (GCG)(8) to (GCG)(11) was found in 22 patients. In 8 patients, however, three different elongated alleles other than classical (GCG)(7-13) were observed. Two of these genotypes had already been identified in Japanese patients. One genotype was recently identified showing (GCG)(6) followed by inserted (GCA)(3)GCG in four unrelated patients. This study further supports the theory of unequal crossing over as the molecular mechanism leading to elongation. It shows that other genotypes than classical (GCG)(7-13) are rather common in German OPMD patients. The data imply that there is no single founder effect in German OPMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Müller
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str 40, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Dion P, Shanmugam V, Gaspar C, Messaed C, Meijer I, Toulouse A, Laganiere J, Roussel J, Rochefort D, Laganiere S, Allen C, Karpati G, Bouchard JP, Brais B, Rouleau GA. Transgenic expression of an expanded (GCG)13 repeat PABPN1 leads to weakness and coordination defects in mice. Neurobiol Dis 2005; 18:528-36. [PMID: 15755680 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2004.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2004] [Revised: 07/08/2004] [Accepted: 09/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late-onset disorder caused by a (GCG)n trinucleotide repeat expansion in the poly(A) binding protein nuclear-1 (PABPN1) gene, which in turn leads to an expanded polyalanine tract in the protein. We generated transgenic mice expressing either the wild type or the expanded form of human PABPN1, and transgenic animals with the expanded form showed clear signs of abnormal limb clasping, muscle weakness, coordination deficits, and peripheral nerves alterations. Analysis of mitotic and postmitotic tissues in those transgenic animals revealed ubiquitinated PABPN1-positive intranuclear inclusions (INIs) in neuronal cells. This latter observation led us to test and confirm the presence of similar INIs in postmortem brain sections from an OPMD patient. Our results indicate that expanded PABPN1, presumably via the toxic effects of its polyalanine tract, can lead to inclusion formation and neurodegeneration in both the mouse and the human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Dion
- McGill University Health Center Research Institute and the Centre for Research in Neurosciences, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue (L7-224), Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3G 1A4
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Robinson DO, Hammans SR, Read SP, Sillibourne J. Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD): analysis of the PABPN1 gene expansion sequence in 86 patients reveals 13 different expansion types and further evidence for unequal recombination as the mutational mechanism. Hum Genet 2005; 116:267-71. [PMID: 15645184 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-004-1235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2004] [Accepted: 11/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is an autosomal dominant late-onset neuromuscular degenerative disease characterised by proximal muscle weakness, ptosis and swallowing difficulty. The causative genetic abnormality is an expansion consisting of 2-7 additional base triplets in a repeat sequence in exon 1 of the PABPN1 (PABP2) gene and results in an increase in length of the polyalanine tract in the PABPN1 protein from 10 to 12-17 residues. The expansions are stable through meiosis and mitosis suggesting a different mechanism of mutation from that of most other triplet repeat mutations. Most reports describe OPMD expansions as consisting of multiples of a GCG sequence. However, some studies have detected GCA interspersions. We have analysed 86 OPMD patients with a PABPN1 gene expansion, including three compound heterozygotes, and have identified 13 different types of expansion mutation, six of which contain GCA and GCG and almost all of which are consistent with a mutational mechanism of unequal recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O Robinson
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP2 8BJ, UK.
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