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Shi J, Ying G, Zhang Z. A Case of Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated with Disseminated AIDS: The Management Challenges. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:6367-6374. [PMID: 37789840 PMCID: PMC10544134 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s428945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As a malignant tumor derived from vascular endothelial cells, Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is quite common in AIDS patients. Nonspecific clinical symptoms often lead to timely diagnosis or wrong treatment, leading to recurrent disease and poor prognosis. Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) could significantly reduce its morbidity and aggressiveness. As one of the ARTs, liposome anthracyclines are the preferred chemotherapy regimen for disseminated KS with multiple organs or tissue invasion. The curative effect is highly related to the degree of immunosuppression. This is the first case of AIDS with Kaposi's sarcoma, who was cured after ART and two consecutive chemotherapy with doxorubicin liposome without recurrence. This case may provide new ideas and methods for the clinical management of AIDS with Kaposi's sarcoma. Case Description The patient, a male aged 60 years, was hospitalized on 21/11/2018 following having a cough, expectoration, and difficulty breathing. He was infected with HIV eight years ago and presented symptoms of blood-stained sputum. The patient complained that he had not received ART before. After admission, he was diagnosed as KS with disseminated AIDS after multiple biopsies and histopathological examinations. The patient was treated with ten months of ART (lamivudine+tenofovir+dolutegravir) and 14 times of chemotherapy with doxorubicin liposome (20 mg/m2, three times per week, seven times per course of treatment). The patient's disease was finally alleviated, and there was no recurrence during the follow-up. Conclusion The reconstitution of immune function and consecutive chemotherapy with doxorubicin liposome play a vital role in treating KS. In addition, for the early general symptoms of AIDS patients, such as thrombocytopenia and hemorrhagic purple papules, it is necessary to increase vigilance and obtain the results of histopathological verification as soon as possible to diagnose KS patients at an earlier stage and realize clinical intervention in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchuan Shi
- The Second Infectious Disease Department, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, 310023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaoxiang Ying
- The Second Infectious Disease Department, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, 310023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongdong Zhang
- The Second Infectious Disease Department, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, 310023, People’s Republic of China
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Séverin D, Bessaoud F, Meftah N, Du Thanh A, Tretarre B, Guillot B, Makinson A. A comparative study of classic and HIV-viremic and aviremic AIDS Kaposi sarcoma. AIDS 2021; 35:399-405. [PMID: 33181532 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaposi sarcoma in people living with HIV (PLHIV) is the most common AIDS-associated malignancy. There is increased interest in Kaposi sarcoma in PLHIV with controlled HIV viremia. OBJECTIVES To describe Kaposi sarcoma occurring in PLHIV despite virological control and to compare their clinical presentations with viremic AIDS-Kaposi sarcoma (AIDS-KS) and classic Kaposi sarcoma (CKS). METHODS This was a monocentric retrospective study, including all Kaposi sarcoma patients registered between the 1 January of 2000 and 31 December 2017 in a comprehensive data bank for all cancers in the Hérault region, South of France. AIDS-KS were also described using chart reviews from the Infectious diseases Department, which followed more than 90% of PLHIV from the same region. We defined aviremic AIDS-KS as Kaposi sarcoma occurring in persons taking HAART with a HIV viral load less than 50 copies for more than 12 months. We compared clinical characteristics of persons with aviremic AIDS-KS, viremic AIDS-KS and CKS, using the Kriegel score and number and topography of skin lesions, and presence of lymphedema. RESULTS We retrieved 187 Kaposi sarcoma cases, of which 12 occurred in PLHIV with aviremic AIDS-KS. Kriegel score stage I was found in 10 (83%) of the aviremic AIDS-KS, 34 (68%) of CKS and 38 (58.4%) of viremic AIDS-KS cases, with similar clinical presentations between aviremic AIDS-KS and CKS groups, and viremic AIDS-KS persons having more aggressive presentations. One person with aviremic AIDS-KS had visceral involvement. CONCLUSION We showed that Kaposi sarcoma in PLHIV with controlled viremia were generally indolent, similarly to CKS. Visceral involvement is, however, possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nadia Meftah
- COREVIH, Saint Eloi Hospital and Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Alain Makinson
- Department of Infectiology, Inserm U1175, Saint Eloi Hospital and Montpellier University Hospital
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3
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Abstract
We herein report a case of gastrointestinal (GI) Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) without cutaneous involvement in a 73-year-old man who had received immunosuppressive drugs for granulomatosis with polyangiitis. After one year of prednisolone use, he presented with tarry stool and severe anemia. Endoscopic and pathological examinations revealed bright-reddish protruding lesions with proliferating spindle cells positive for D2-40, CD34, and HHV-8, which are definitively diagnostic of GI-KS. Drug-induced KS without HIV infection or transplantation is extremely rare, and its clinical features remain unknown. Therefore, we conducted a literature review of steroid-induced KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Endo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Naoyoshi Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
- Endoscopy Center, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Japan
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Wakoh M, Sasaki Y, Otonari-Yamamoto M, Goto T, Ogane S, Matsushima J, Nakatani Y. Imaging Findings in AIDS-related Oral Kaposi's Sarcoma. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2016; 58:145-154. [PMID: 28954949 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.2016-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is one of the most common diseases in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, but is rarely encountered in dental practice in Japan. We encountered a case of oral KS (OKS) presenting in the hard palate, gingiva, and tongue in a 41-year-old man. We report the results of imaging, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography/CT in this case. The process leading to an imaging diagnosis of OKS is discussed, emphasizing the importance of collating clinical, laboratory, pathological, and radiological findings. The present results suggest that mapping of accurate tumors is very important in cases of OKS, and that multiple or bilateral manifestations, ill-defined margins, osteolysis, and swollen lymph nodes, in particular, need to be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Wakoh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Tokyo Dental College.,Division of Dental Radiology, Tokyo Dental College Chiba Hospital
| | - Yoshinori Sasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Tokyo Dental College
| | | | - Tazuko Goto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Satoru Ogane
- Oral Cancer Center, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital
| | - Jun Matsushima
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yukio Nakatani
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
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Vincenzi B, D'Onofrio L, Frezza AM, Grasso RF, Fausti V, Santini D, Dei Tos AP, Tonini G. Classic Kaposi Sarcoma: to treat or not to treat? BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:138. [PMID: 25889316 PMCID: PMC4395989 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Classic Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is vascular sarcoma, known to be more common in Mediterranean elderly men and characterized by an indolent clinical behavior. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence in literature, describing a spontaneous partial regression in a non-HIV, non-iatrogenic KS. Case presentation A 68-years old woman, presenting with weight loss and respiratory symptoms, was diagnosed with a classic KS involving lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes. No skin or mucosal lesions were identified, HIV positivity was ruled out. Due to patient’s choice, she was kept under surveillance with 3-monthly thorax-abdomen-pelvis computed tomography scan (TAP CT). A first reassessment proved progressive disease (PD) associated with symptoms worsening. A new TAP CT, performed at 5 months from the diagnosis, showed stable disease (SD), with a minor reduction in size of mediastinal lymphadenopathies. A further reassessment, performed 5 months later, resulted in a partial response (PR) despite the absence of any medical treatment. Up to date, the disease is in remission, patient is asymptomatic and still on surveillance. Conclusion Given the possible indolent behaviour of KS, we believe that close surveillance can represent a valuable approach in selected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vincenzi
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Campus Bio-Medico, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, Italy.
| | - Loretta D'Onofrio
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Campus Bio-Medico, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Frezza
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Campus Bio-Medico, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Valentina Fausti
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Campus Bio-Medico, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniele Santini
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Campus Bio-Medico, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Campus Bio-Medico, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, Italy.
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Bala M, Ronchi CL, Pichl J, Wild V, Kircher S, Allolio B, Hahner S. Suspected metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma revealing as pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma in adrenal Cushing's syndrome. BMC Endocr Disord 2014; 14:63. [PMID: 25077599 PMCID: PMC4128825 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-14-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a malignant disease most commonly diagnosed in the setting of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and in patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment. Pulmonary KS has never been reported in association with endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS). CASE PRESENTATION A 60-year-old woman presented with symptoms and signs of CS. Adrenal CS was confirmed by standard biochemical evaluation. Imaging revealed a right adrenal lesion (diameter 3.5 cm) and multiple pulmonary nodules, suggesting a cortisol-secreting adrenal carcinoma with pulmonary metastases. The patient underwent right adrenalectomy with a pathohistological diagnosis of an adrenal adenoma. Subsequent thoracoscopic wedge resection of one lung lesion revealed pulmonary KS with positive immunostaining for human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8). HIV-serology was negative. Hydrocortisone replacement was initiated for secondary adrenal insufficiency after surgery. Post-operative follow up imaging showed complete remission of all KS-related pulmonary nodules solely after resolution of hypercortisolism. CONCLUSION KS may occur in the setting of endogenous CS and may go into remission after cure of hypercortisolism without further specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Bala
- Department of Medicine I, Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, Wuerzburg D-97080, Germany
| | - Cristina L Ronchi
- Department of Medicine I, Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, Wuerzburg D-97080, Germany
| | - Josef Pichl
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Theresien Hospital of Nuremberg, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Wild
- Department of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kircher
- Department of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bruno Allolio
- Department of Medicine I, Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, Wuerzburg D-97080, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hahner
- Department of Medicine I, Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacherstrasse 6, Wuerzburg D-97080, Germany
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Yetkin DO, Kafadar A, Gazioglu N, Oz B, Kaner G, Oguz O, Kadioglu P. Kaposi sarcoma related to an ectopic hypothalamic adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting adenoma: case report. Neurosurgery 2010; 65:E110-1; discussion E111. [PMID: 19935008 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000344004.56155.b6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to report a case of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) with Cushing's syndrome caused by endogenic glucocorticoid-induced immunosuppression. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 43-year-old woman presented with delirium, hirsutism, fatigue, and hypertension. At the time of presentation, physical findings showed a Cushingoid appearance, with moon-like facies, hirsutism, and hyperpigmentation. Laboratory findings showed the following: adrenocorticotropic hormone, 86.7 pg/mL (normal range, 0-46 pg/mL); baseline cortisol level, 50 microg/dL (normal range, 6.2-19 microg/dL); potassium, 2.2 mEq/L (normal range, 3.5-5 mEq/L); and midnight cortisol level, 33 microg/dL. Serum cortisol levels failed to suppress after low and high doses of dexamethasone; these findings confirmed the diagnosis of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone production. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 12 x 15-mm, round, hypothalamic mass lesion in the center of the median eminence. INTERVENTION Endoscopic biopsy from the floor of the third ventricle was performed, and pathological examination of the lesion showed a diffuse adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting adenoma. The patient developed diffuse skin lesions that were proven to be a KS by skin biopsy while she was prepared for transcranial surgery. After surgical removal of the adenoma, she became hypocortisolemic and required cortisol replacement. Within 1 month after surgery, all KS lesions disappeared spontaneously. CONCLUSION Excessive cortisol may induce immunosuppression. KS is one of the most common malignant tumors of patients with immunosuppression. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of Cushing's syndrome with KS caused by endogenous glucocorticoid-induced immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet O Yetkin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kanno T, Sato Y, Nakamura T, Sakamoto K, Sata T, Katano H. Genotypic and clinicopathological characterization of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection in Japan. J Med Virol 2010; 82:400-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Pyakurel P, Pak F, Mwakigonja AR, Kaaya E, Biberfeld P. KSHV/HHV-8 and HIV infection in Kaposi's sarcoma development. Infect Agent Cancer 2007; 2:4. [PMID: 17270056 PMCID: PMC1800836 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2006] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a highly and abnormally vascularized tumor-like lesion affecting the skin, lymphnodes and viscera, which develops from early inflammatory stages of patch/plaque to late, nodular tumors composed predominant of spindle cells (SC). These SC are infected with the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus or human herpesvirus-8 (KSHV/HHV-8). KS is promoted during HIV infection by various angiogenic and pro-inflammatory factors including HIV-Tat. The latency associated nuclear antigen type 1 (LANA-1) protein is well expressed in SC, highly immunogenic and considered important in the generation and maintenance of HHV-8 associated malignancies. Various studies favour an endothelial origin of the KS SC, expressing "mixed" lymphatic and vascular endothelial cell markers, possibly representing hybrid phenotypes of endothelial cells (EC). A significant number of SC during KS development are apparently not HHV8 infected, which heterogeneity in viral permissiveness may indicate that non-infected SC may continuously be recruited in to the lesion from progenitor cells and locally triggered to develop permissiveness to HHV8 infection. In the present study various aspects of KS pathogenesis are discussed, focusing on the histopathological as well as cytogenetic and molecular genetic changes in KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Pyakurel
- Immunopathology Lab., Department of Pathology and Oncology, Karolinska Institutet, 171-76 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fatemeh Pak
- Immunopathology Lab., Department of Pathology and Oncology, Karolinska Institutet, 171-76 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amos R Mwakigonja
- Immunopathology Lab., Department of Pathology and Oncology, Karolinska Institutet, 171-76 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P. O. Box 65023, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ephata Kaaya
- Immunopathology Lab., Department of Pathology and Oncology, Karolinska Institutet, 171-76 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P. O. Box 65023, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Peter Biberfeld
- Immunopathology Lab., Department of Pathology and Oncology, Karolinska Institutet, 171-76 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Joo M, Soon Lee S, Jin Park H, Shin HS. Iatrogenic Kaposi's sarcoma following steroid therapy for nonspecific interstitial pneumonia with HHV-8 genotyping. Pathol Res Pract 2006; 202:113-7. [PMID: 16413694 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2005.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2005] [Accepted: 11/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of iatrogenic Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in a 64-year-old, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative woman with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) following steroid therapy. She suffered from longstanding exertional dyspnea, and was diagnosed to have NSIP by a thoracoscopic lung biopsy. After 4 months of steroid therapy, multiple purplish nodular or patchy skin lesions developed throughout the entire body. Microscopically, the skin lesions, consisting of closely packed spindle cells forming slit-like vascular structures, were diagnosed as typical KSs. The tumor cells were positive for CD34, factor VIII-related antigen, and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) immunostainings. Using fresh tumor tissue and peripheral blood, polymerase chain reactions revealed the presence of HHV-8. Phylogenetic analysis of HHV-8 ORF K1 genes disclosed that the strain belonged to the subtype II/C and had the M allele at the right-hand side of the genome. To the best of our knowledge, this case report is the first documentation of iatrogenic KS associated with NSIP. A brief review focusing on the HHV-8 genotypes of iatrogenic KS is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Joo
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsanpaik Hospital, Koyang, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Stürzl M, Zietz C, Monini P, Ensoli B. Human herpesvirus-8 and Kaposi's sarcoma: relationship with the multistep concept of tumorigenesis. Adv Cancer Res 2002; 81:125-59. [PMID: 11430594 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(01)81004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) develops through discrete inflammatory-angiogenic stages of polyclonal nature (early-stage lesions) to monomorphic nodules of spindle-shaped cells that can be clonal (late-stage lesions) and resemble true sarcomas. Molecular and epidemiological studies indicate that development of KS is tightly associated with infection by the human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). However, only individuals with specific conditions of immunodysregulation develop KS. In these individuals the systemic and tissue increase of Th-1-type cytokines (IC) reactivate HHV-8 infection, leading to increased viral load, antibody titers, and an expanded cell tropism that precedes the clinical appearance of KS. Recruitment of the virus into tissues by infected monocytes and other cell types is facilitated by the endothelial cell activation due to IC. In clinical lesions, HHV-8 infection increases with lesion stage and in late-stage lesions most of the spindle cells are latently infected, whereas only few lyrically infected cells are present, suggesting that latent genes may have a role in the transformation of the early inflammatory-hyperplastic lesion into a real sarcoma. The development of tumors, however, is regulated through a multistep process based on the acquisition by cells of several different capabilities leading to malignant growth. Here we review the available data on the expression of HHV-8-encoded genes in primary KS lesions and, in view of their biological activity, analyze their potential function in different steps of tumorigenesis. By this pragmatic approach interesting insights into potential key functions of HHV-8-encoded genes are found and steps of potential cooperativity with other viral factors (HIV-1-Tat) in the pathogenesis of KS are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stürzl
- Institute of Molecular Virology, GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
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12
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Katano H, Sato Y, Sata T. Expression of p53 and human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8)-encoded latency-associated nuclear antigen with inhibition of apoptosis in HHV-8-associated malignancies. Cancer 2001; 92:3076-84. [PMID: 11753987 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20011215)92:12<3076::aid-cncr10117>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells express human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8)-encoded latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) (open reading frame [ORF] 73 protein), suggesting that LANA plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HHV-8-associated malignancies. Recently, the binding of LANA to p53 was demonstrated in vitro. In the current study, the authors investigated the association between p53 and LANA expression with apoptosis in HHV-8-associated malignancies in vivo. METHODS Twenty-six cases of KS, 1 case of HHV-8-associated solid lymphoma, 2 PEL cell lines, and an HHV-8-associated lymphoma engrafted in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice were examined. Immunohistochemistry using the catalyzed signal amplification system was employed to detect LANA and p53 on paraffin embedded tissues and the immunofluorescence technique was used on cell lines. To detect apoptosis, the TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method was used. For mutation analysis of p53, exons 5-9 of the p53 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and examined by direct sequencing. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed that LANA and p53 were expressed in the tumor cells of all these specimens, and apoptotic cells were rarely detected in them using the TUNEL method. Immunofluorescence assay revealed that LANA colocalized with p53 in the nuclei of PEL cells. Sequencing analysis indicated that there was no mutation in the deduced amino acid sequences of p53 in KS tissues. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest colocalization of p53 and LANA and the inhibition of apoptosis in HHV-8-associated malignancies in vivo, supporting the results found in vitro that p53 inhibition by LANA suppresses cell death, as reported previously. These results also suggest that the p53 pathway is crucial in the pathogenesis of HHV-8-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Katano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
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Meng YX, Sata T, Stamey FR, Voevodin A, Katano H, Koizumi H, Deleon M, De Cristofano MA, Galimberti R, Pellett PE. Molecular characterization of strains of Human herpesvirus 8 from Japan, Argentina and Kuwait. J Gen Virol 2001; 82:499-506. [PMID: 11172090 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-82-3-499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current genotyping systems for Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) are based on the highly variable gene encoding the K1 glycoprotein. Most strains collected worldwide cluster into two subtypes (I/A and II/C). Sequenced African strains have belonged to subtypes I/A and IV/B. Members of all three of these subtypes can have either the M or P allele at the right-hand side (RHS) of the genome. Strains obtained predominantly from aboriginal or relatively isolated populations have formed clades that branch at a distance from subtypes I/A and II/C, all being of the RHS P allele. The characterization is reported here of 16 Japanese, two Kuwaiti and five Argentine HHV-8 strains obtained from human immunodeficiency virus-infected and non-infected patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma, multicentric Castleman's disease or renal transplants. K1 sequences of five Japanese, one Kuwaiti and two Argentine strains were identified as subtype I/A and eight Japanese, one Kuwaiti and three Argentine strains were subtype II/C. Three strains from elderly classic KS patients originally from Hokkaido, a northern Japanese island, were relatively closely related to strains of subtypes III/D and E. Consistent with previous observations, both the M and P alleles were identified at the RHS of subgroup I/A and II/C genomes; only the P allele was detected among the three Hokkaido strains. Distances among the Hokkaido strains were similar to the distance between subtypes I/A and II/C, suggesting that the Hokkaido strains may represent two distinct subtypes and that, as more strains are analysed, the currently recognized III/D subgroups will probably emerge as independent subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Xiang Meng
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop G18, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA1
| | - Tetsutaro Sata
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan2
| | - Felicia R Stamey
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop G18, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA1
| | - Alexander Voevodin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait3
| | - Harutaka Katano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan2
| | - Hiroko Koizumi
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan4
| | - Marlene Deleon
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop G18, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA1
| | | | | | - Philip E Pellett
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop G18, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA1
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