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Han Y, Chen M, Wang H. Production of a SCID mouse model of medulloblastoma to explore the therapeutic value of targeting tumor driver genes. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:108. [PMID: 33335571 PMCID: PMC7739861 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor driver genes are genes where structural or sequence mutations confer a selective advantage for cancer cells. The individualized targeting of tumor driver genes has become a topic of interest for tumor treatment. The prognosis for medulloblastoma (MB), a common type of malignant intracranial tumor found in children, is poor. The tumor driver genes and the corresponding targeted drugs remain to be studied. The present study analyzed tumor driver genes from tumor tissue and peripheral blood from one patient with nodular desmoplastic MB with Sonic Hedgehog activation and screened targeted drugs for the tumor driver genes. Additionally, MB tissue was successfully implanted into the SCID mouse which were then used for subsequent drug screening. The present study explored novel treatments for MB from the perspective of tumor driver genes, and may provide new ideas for choosing individualized targeted therapies for patients with MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Hangzhou Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
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Zhao F, Zhang J, Li P, Zhou Q, Zhang S, Zhao C, Wang B, Yang Z, Li C, Liu P. Prognostic value of Ki-67 index in adult medulloblastoma after accounting for molecular subgroup: a retrospective clinical and molecular analysis. J Neurooncol 2018; 139:333-340. [PMID: 29687281 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2865-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medulloblastoma (MB) is a rare primary brain tumor in adults. We previously evaluated that combining both clinical and molecular classification could improve current risk stratification for adult MB. In this study, we aimed to identify the prognostic value of Ki-67 index in adult MB. METHOD Ki-67 index of 51 primary adult MBs was reassessed using a computer-based image analysis (Image-Pro Plus). All patients were followed up ranging from 12 months up to 15 years. Gene expression profiling and immunochemistry were used to establish the molecular subgroups in adult MB. Combined risk stratification models were designed based on clinical characteristics, molecular classification and Ki-67 index, and identified by multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis. RESULTS In our cohort, the mean Ki-67 value was 30.0 ± 11.3% (range 6.56-63.55%). The average Ki-67 value was significantly higher in LC/AMB than in CMB and DNMB (P = .001). Among three molecular subgroups, Group 4-tumors had the highest average Ki-67 value compared with WNT- and SHH-tumors (P = .004). Patients with Ki-67 index large than 30% displayed poorer overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) than those with Ki-67 less than 30% (OS: P = .001; PFS: P = .006). Ki-67 index (i.e. > 30%, < 30%) was identified as an independent significant prognostic factor (OS: P = .017; PFS: P = .024) by using multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, Ki-67 index can be considered as a valuable independent prognostic biomarker for adult patients with MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Zhao
- Neural Reconstruction Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Neural Reconstruction Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Qiangyi Zhou
- Neural Reconstruction Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Neural Reconstruction Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- Neural Reconstruction Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunde Li
- Neural Reconstruction Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pinan Liu
- Neural Reconstruction Department, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Fiaschetti G, Abela L, Nonoguchi N, Dubuc AM, Remke M, Boro A, Grunder E, Siler U, Ohgaki H, Taylor MD, Baumgartner M, Shalaby T, Grotzer MA. Epigenetic silencing of miRNA-9 is associated with HES1 oncogenic activity and poor prognosis of medulloblastoma. Br J Cancer 2013; 110:636-47. [PMID: 24346283 PMCID: PMC3915127 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND microRNA-9 is a key regulator of neuronal development aberrantly expressed in brain malignancies, including medulloblastoma. The mechanisms by which microRNA-9 contributes to medulloblastoma pathogenesis remain unclear, and factors that regulate this process have not been delineated. METHODS Expression and methylation status of microRNA-9 in medulloblastoma cell lines and primary samples were analysed. The association of microRNA-9 expression with medulloblastoma patients' clinical outcome was assessed, and the impact of microRNA-9 restoration was functionally validated in medulloblastoma cells. RESULTS microRNA-9 expression is repressed in a large subset of MB samples compared with normal fetal cerebellum. Low microRNA-9 expression correlates significantly with the diagnosis of unfavourable histopathological variants and with poor clinical outcome. microRNA-9 silencing occurs via cancer-specific CpG island hypermethylation. HES1 was identified as a direct target of microRNA-9 in medulloblastoma, and restoration of microRNA-9 was shown to trigger cell cycle arrest, to inhibit clonal growth and to promote medulloblastoma cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS microRNA-9 is a methylation-silenced tumour suppressor that could be a potential candidate predictive marker for poor prognosis of medulloblastoma. Loss of microRNA-9 may confer a proliferative advantage to tumour cells, and it could possibly contribute to disease pathogenesis. Thus, re-expression of microRNA-9 may constitute a novel epigenetic regulation strategy against medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fiaschetti
- Neuro-Oncology group, Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research, August-Forel Strasse 1, Zurich CH-8008, Switzerland
| | - L Abela
- Division of Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, Zurich CH-8032, Switzerland
| | - N Nonoguchi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Section of Molecular Pathology, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - A M Dubuc
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, MaRS Centre - 11-401M, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - M Remke
- Brain Tumor Research Centre, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - A Boro
- Oncology group, Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research, August-Forel Strasse 1, Zurich CH-8008, Switzerland
| | - E Grunder
- Division of Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, Zurich CH-8032, Switzerland
| | - U Siler
- Division of Immunology, University Children's Hospital of Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, Zurich CH-8032, Switzerland
| | - H Ohgaki
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Section of Molecular Pathology, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - M D Taylor
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosurgery, Suite 1504, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - M Baumgartner
- Neuro-Oncology group, Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research, August-Forel Strasse 1, Zurich CH-8008, Switzerland
| | - T Shalaby
- Neuro-Oncology group, Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research, August-Forel Strasse 1, Zurich CH-8008, Switzerland
| | - M A Grotzer
- Division of Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, Zurich CH-8032, Switzerland
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Fiorilli P, Partridge D, Staniszewska I, Wang JY, Grabacka M, So K, Marcinkiewicz C, Reiss K, Khalili K, Croul SE. Integrins mediate adhesion of medulloblastoma cells to tenascin and activate pathways associated with survival and proliferation. J Transl Med 2008; 88:1143-56. [PMID: 18794852 PMCID: PMC2679155 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2008.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma spreads by leptomeningeal dissemination rather than by infiltration that characterizes other CNS tumors, eg, gliomas. This study represents an initial attempt to identify both the molecules that mediate medulloblastoma adhesion to leptomeninges and the pathways that are key to survival and proliferation of tumor following adhesion. As a first step in molecule identification, we produced adhesion of D283 medulloblastoma cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) of H4 glioma cells in vitro. Within this context, D283 cells preferentially expressed the alpha9 and beta1 integrin subunits; antibody and disintegrin blockade of alpha9 and beta1 binding eliminated the adhesion. The H4 ECM was enriched in tenascin, a binding partner for the alpha9beta1 integrin heterodimer. Purified tenascin-C supported D283 cell adhesion. The adhesion was blocked by antibodies to alpha9 and beta1 integrin. In vivo data were similar; immunohistochemistry of primary human medulloblastomas with leptomeningeal extension demonstrated increased expression of alpha9 and beta1 integrins as well as tenascin at the interface of brain and leptomeningeal tumor. These data suggest that tumor-cell expressions of alpha9 and beta1 integrins in combination with extracellular tenascin are necessary for medulloblastoma adhesion to the leptomeninges. As a first step in the identification of pathways that mediate survival and proliferation of tumor following adhesion, we demonstrated that adhesion to H4 ECM was associated with survival and proliferation of D283 cells as well as activation of the MAPK pathway in a growth factor deficient environment. Antibody blockade of alpha9 and beta1 integrin binding that eliminated adhesion also eliminated the in vitro survival benefit. These data suggest that adhesion of medulloblastoma to the meninges is necessary for the survival and proliferation of these tumor cells at the secondary site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Fiorilli
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Darren Partridge
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Medicine, UHN Pathology and the Krembil Neuroscience Center, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Izabela Staniszewska
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jin Y Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maja Grabacka
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Biophysics, The Jagiellonian University, Kracow, Poland
| | - Kelvin So
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Medicine, UHN Pathology and the Krembil Neuroscience Center, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cezary Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Krzysztof Reiss
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sidney E Croul
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Medicine, UHN Pathology and the Krembil Neuroscience Center, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Medulloblastoma demonstrating multipotent differentiation: case report. Brain Tumor Pathol 2008; 25:39-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10014-007-0228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 12/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shim KW, Joo SY, Kim SH, Choi JU, Kim DS. Prediction of prognosis in children with medulloblastoma by using immunohistochemical analysis and tissue microarray. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2008; 1:196-205. [PMID: 18352763 DOI: 10.3171/ped/2008/1/3/196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant neuroepithelial tumor found in children. Several reports have described efforts to identify the prognostic significance of various patterns of pathological and immunohistochemical features in medulloblastoma, but the published data appear to be controversial. The authors therefore attempted to demonstrate these prognostic factors convincingly in a retrospective study performed in patients with medulloblastoma. METHODS The data used were obtained in 58 patients with medulloblastoma who were > 3 years of age and in whom > 1 year of follow-up was available after the maximal resection, craniospinal irradiation, and chemotherapy treatments. These assessments were performed to compare the immunohistochemical features to cellular differentiation, the proliferation index (PI), the apoptotic index (AI), and oncogenesis revealed by TrkC and c-erbB-3. In addition, the authors tried to determine the prognostic utility of these results in this tumor category. RESULTS There was no statistically significant correlation between the prognosis and the degree of cell differentiation, but a positive correlation was noted between the PI and the AI in a tumor mass. The number of cases with a PI > 10% was significantly greater in the group of tumors in patients with recurrent medulloblastoma. A close association between the PI as a continuous variable and the progression-free and overall survival was also found. Most importantly, the PI is the only significant prognostic factor for the overall survival of patients with medulloblastoma. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the authors suggest that the PI is directly linked to the prognostic factor for medulloblastoma and that immunohistochemical staining is a potentially powerful tool for predicting the prognosis of patients with medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Won Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Al-Salam S, Al Ashari M. Psammoma bodies in medulloblastoma. Histopathology 2007; 50:527-9. [PMID: 17448037 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Etzell JE, Keet C, McDonald W, Banerjee A. Medulloblastoma simulating acute myeloid leukemia: case report with a review of "myeloid antigen" expression in nonhematopoietic tissues and tumors. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2006; 28:703-10. [PMID: 17114955 DOI: 10.1097/01.mph.0000243647.66734.0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is a primitive neuroectodermal tumor arising in the posterior fossa usually in the first decade of life. Systemic metastases are infrequent at diagnosis and usually occur after surgical resection or shunt placement. We report a rare case of medulloblastoma in an 18-year-old woman who presented with headache, leukopenia, and anemia. Neurologic examination was normal. Bone marrow evaluation revealed primitive cells morphologically resembling blasts. By flow cytometry, these cells lacked CD45 and expressed CD13/33, CD15, CD34, HLA-DR, and strong CD56. The presence of myeloid antigens and CD34 suggested acute myeloid leukemia; however, the bone marrow core biopsy architecture and tumor cells in cerebrospinal fluid were more compatible with a nonhematopoietic tumor. Further workup revealed a cerebellar mass, and a diagnosis of desmoplastic medulloblastoma was made. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a nonhematopoietic small round blue-cell tumor expressing multiple myeloid antigens and CD34 by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E Etzell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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