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Li M, Zheng W. Mature solid teratoma of the uterine cervix: A rare case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37451. [PMID: 38552061 PMCID: PMC10977552 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Most of the mature teratomas are found in the ovaries. Extragonadal teratomas are extremely rare. To date, there are only a handful of reports of uterine cervical teratomas documented in the English literature. PATIENT CONCERNS Herein we describe a rare case of a 40-year-old patient who was presented to our hospital for a cervical polypoid mass, which was finally confirmed to be mature solid teratoma in uterine cervix. DIAGNOSES Histological examination of the polypoid mass was found to consist of ciliated pseudostratified columnar respiratory epithelium, intestinal epithelium and smooth muscle tissue, adipose tissue and mature glial component, epidermis, and skin adnexa. Meanwhile, no history of abortion, dilatation, and curettage was present in this patient, so implantation of fetal tissue was excluded. Therefore, we make a diagnosis of uterine cervical mature teratoma. INTERVENTIONS Tumorectomy was performed after discovering the cervical polypoid mass. OUTCOMES The patient had been followed-up for next 3 months after surgery and no recurrence was documented until now. LESSONS Though teratomas of the uterine cervix are extremely rare, more attention should be paid on this rare but possible tumor for appropriate treatment in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Li
- Department of Pathology, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiping Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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Liu R, Chen J, Shao C, Cheng N. Primary immature teratoma in the liver with growing teratoma syndrome and gliomatosis peritonei: a rare case report. Diagn Pathol 2022; 17:86. [PMID: 36309682 PMCID: PMC9617395 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-022-01267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary liver immature teratoma is extremely rare and only 4 cases have been reported, let alone with growing teratoma syndrome (GTS) and/or gliomatosis peritonei (GP). Case presentation Here, we report a case of a 44-year-old female presenting with progressive abdominal distension and elevated serum alpha fetal protein (AFP) level. CT/MRI scans revealed a large cystic-solid mass in the right lobe of the liver, accompanied with implant or metastasis in the abdominal cavity. Pathologic examination at biopsy suggested immature teratoma. After 4 cycles of chemotherapy, an MRI showed a slight increase in tumor size. Therefore, surgical resection of the right lobe of the liver was performed. The final histological diagnosis was a mature teratoma (tumor size 28 cm × 14 cm × 13 cm), with no residual immature component, and the diagnosis of GTS was considered. The patient continued to receive 2 courses of postoperative chemotherapy. An abdominal CT scan revealed innumerable miliary nodules in bilateral adnexal areas 2 months after surgery. Histologically, large numbers of mature glia were observed, supporting the diagnosis of GP. Conclusions We report for the first time a case of primary liver immature teratoma with GTS and GP in an adult. Longer follow-up is needed to assess definitive efficacy.
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Fadare O. Mucinous Proliferations of the Uterine Corpus: Comprehensive Appraisal of an Evolving Spectrum of Neoplasms. Adv Anat Pathol 2022; 29:275-296. [PMID: 35499137 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A variety of endometrial lesions may contain mucinous cells. Herein, the author reviews the literature on the classification and clinicopathologic significance of uterine corpus proliferations with a significant mucinous component, assesses the 2020 World Health Organization classification of such lesions, and presents a diagnostic framework. The key epithelial mucinous lesions include mucinous metaplasia, atypical mucinous glandular proliferation and mucinous carcinoma. Each of these categories are classifiable into "usual" and gastrointestinal subtypes, the latter being indicative of intestinal (presence of goblet cells) and/or gastric-type (abundant, pale eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm and well-defined cell borders) morphology. It has been proposed that at least focal expression of gastrointestinal immunohistochemical markers be required for all gastrointestinal type lesions, and for gastrointestinal type atypical mucinous glandular proliferation and carcinoma, minimality or absence of estrogen receptor expression, and the absence of an endometrioid component. Mucinous carcinomas of the usual type, in which >50% of the tumor is comprised of a mucinous component, are the most common. Morphologic subtypes include mucinous carcinoma with microglandular features and mucinous carcinoma with signet rings (signet ring carcinoma). Endometrioid carcinomas with a less than a 50% mucinous component are classified as endometrioid carcinoma with mucinous differentiation. Several studies have directly compared endometrioid and mucinous carcinomas, the latter presumably of the usual type, with respect to patient outcomes after treatment. All have found no difference in overall and disease free survival between these groups. However, three major studies have found mucinous carcinomas to be associated with a higher risk of lymph node metastases. Nineteen cases of mucinous carcinoma of the gastrointestinal type have been reported, and the limited data on their follow-up after primary treatment suggests that this subtype is more clinically aggressive and should accordingly be classified separately from mucinous carcinomas of the usual type. The morphologic spectrum of mucinous carcinoma of the gastrointestinal type is unclear and continues to evolve. Mucinous change, which may sometimes be extensive, may also be associated with papillary proliferation of the endometrium, adenomyoma of the endocervical type, atypical, and typical adenomyomas. In a curettage or biopsy, intestinal type mucinous epithelium may be indicative of any of the gastrointestinal lesions mentioned above, but may also represent samplings of uterine teratomas, yolk sac tumors, genital and extragenital adenocarcinomas with intestinal differentiation, or low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms that secondarily involve the endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwole Fadare
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
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Gupta G, Hussain F, Bagwan IN. Mucinous Epithelium in Endometrial Curetting Leading to Diagnostic Conundrum: A Case Report. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2022; 41:157-160. [PMID: 33782342 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mucinous differentiation of the endometrium can occur in a spectrum of changes ranging from benign (metaplasia) to malignant (adenocarcinomas with mucinous differentiation). A rarer differential which is usually not considered is a teratoma. We present a case of a 55-yr-old woman with history of irregular perimenopausal bleeding. Endometrial curetting revealed proliferative mucinous epithelium on histology raising a possibility of low-grade epithelial mucinous malignancy. Hysterectomy was performed and histologic examination revealed a diagnosis of uterine mature teratoma. Mature cystic teratoma of the lower uterine segment is very rare and presence of just one element such as mucinous epithelium can lead to a misdiagnosis of carcinoma on biopsy or curetting.
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Zhao Y, Xu T, Bu X, Yuan D, Wu Y, Qian H. Immature teratoma arising from uterine corpus in an 11-year-old girl: Case report and review of the literature. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 47:452-455. [PMID: 33197962 PMCID: PMC7839763 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Teratomas are one of the most common germ cell tumors, and they usually occur in ovaries. Extragonadal teratomas are rare, especially immature ones. Only several cases of primary teratomas of the uterus have been reported since 1929. Here, the case of an 11-year-old patient who had a 6-month history of sustained abnormal vaginal discharge is presented. Transabdominal ultrasonography revealed a solid mass in her uterus, resulting in the patient undergoing surgery. Examination of PET-CT scans revealed a mass in the right ovary of the patient 20 days after surgery. The patient underwent a second surgery followed by chemotherapy. This is the youngest case among reported patients of primary immature uterine teratoma, and this patient showed no evidence of recurrence during 2 years of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinling Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Tianhui Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Xinhua Bu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Donglan Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Hua Qian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, China
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Shah VI, Rowlands GL, Thompson IW, Sumathi VP, McCluggage WG. Primary Angiosarcoma of the Cervix: Case Report of a Rare Lesion. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2020; 39:97-102. [PMID: 31815894 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Angiosarcomas of the female genital tract are rare and primary angiosarcoma of the cervix is extremely rare with only one prior case report. We report a case of a primary cervical angiosarcoma in a 43-yr-old woman who presented with heavy vaginal bleeding. Cervical biopsy and subsequent radical hysterectomy showed a malignant vascular tumor which was composed of spindled and epithelioid cells and formed abortive vascular channels. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were diffusely positive for CD31, CD34, ERG, and cyclin D1 and focally positive for D2-40. A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test for YWHAE-NUTM2 genetic fusion was negative excluding a YWHAE-translocated high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. The tumor formed a 5 cm mass within the cervix with microscopic involvement of the endometrium, superficial myometrium, and vagina. Metastatic microscopic tumor deposits were present in both ovaries, left fallopian tube, one paracervical lymph node, and one pelvic lymph node. In reporting this unusual case we discuss the differential diagnosis.
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Abstract
Extragonadal teratomas are rare, and localization in the endometrium and cervix is exceptional, with fewer than 10 case reports documented so far in the English literature. We report here the case of a 46-year-old patient who presented with simultaneous immature teratoma in the endometrium and mature teratomas in the ovary in association with gliomatosis peritonei but with no evidence of gestational origin; she subsequently developed multiple solid mature teratomas in the cervix and parauterine tissue. No other similar cases have been previously reported to our knowledge. There are many similarities between the patient's pattern of recurrence and "growing teratoma syndrome (GTS)". Although the patient was not treated with chemotherapy after her first presentation and this case does not meet formal criteria for GTS, we believe that the pattern and histology of recurrences in this case represent a variant of GTS. Considering that the initial presentation in this case was endometrial and ovarian makes the occurrence of GTS-like syndrome even more unique.
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Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors of the Female Genital Tract: A Morphologic, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Study of 19 Cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2017; 41:761-772. [PMID: 28296680 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of the female genital tract is rare, and its proper classification remains unclear. The clinical, histologic, and immunophenotypic features as well as EWSR1 rearrangement status of 19 gynecologic PNETs, including 10 ovarian, 8 uterine, and 1 vulvar tumors, are herein reported. Patient age ranged from 12 to 68 years, with a median age of 20 and 51 years among those with ovarian and uterine PNETs, respectively. Morphologic features of central nervous system (CNS) tumors were seen in 15 PNETs, including 9 medulloblastomas, 3 ependymomas, 2 medulloepitheliomas, and 1 glioblastoma, consistent with central PNET. The remaining 4 PNETs were composed entirely of undifferentiated small round blue cells and were classified as Ewing sarcoma/peripheral PNET. Eight PNETs were associated with another tumor type, including 5 ovarian mature cystic teratomas, 2 endometrial low-grade endometrioid carcinomas, and a uterine carcinosarcoma. By immunohistochemistry, 17 PNETs expressed at least 1 marker of neuronal differentiation, including synaptophysin, NSE, CD56, S100, and chromogranin in 10, 8, 14, 8, and 1 tumors, respectively. GFAP was positive in 4 PNETs, all of which were of central type. Membranous CD99 and nuclear Fli-1 staining was seen in 10 and 16 tumors, respectively, and concurrent expression of both markers was seen in both central and Ewing sarcoma/peripheral PNETs. All tumors expressed vimentin, whereas keratin cocktail (CAM5.2, AE1/AE3) staining was only focally present in 4 PNETs. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was successful in all cases and confirmed EWSR1 rearrangement in 2 of 4 tumors demonstrating morphologic features of Ewing sarcoma/peripheral PNET and concurrent CD99 and Fli-1 expression. In conclusion, central and Ewing sarcoma/peripheral PNETs may be encountered in the female genital tract with central PNETs being more common. Central PNETs show a spectrum of morphologic features that overlaps with CNS tumors but lack EWSR1 rearrangements. GFAP expression supports a morphologic impression of central PNET and is absent in Ewing sarcoma/peripheral PNET. Ewing sarcoma/peripheral PNETs lack morphologic features of CNS tumors.
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Saffar H, Nili F, Malek M, Jahanbin B, Ghahghaei Nezamabadi A. Primary immature teratoma of the uterus with peritoneal and lymph node involvement, case report. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2017; 37:1096-1098. [PMID: 28599587 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2017.1312309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Saffar
- a Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nili
- a Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mahrooz Malek
- a Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Behnaz Jahanbin
- a Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Kamgobe E, Massinde A, Matovelo D, Ndaboine E, Rambau P, Chaula T. Uterine myometrial mature teratoma presenting as a uterine mass: a review of literature. BMC Clin Pathol 2016; 16:5. [PMID: 27011758 PMCID: PMC4804615 DOI: 10.1186/s12907-016-0026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Teratomas are a germ cell tumors composed of two or more tissues which originate from ectoderm, endoderm or mesoderm. These tumors commonly arise from the ovary although other extragonadal sites can be involved, especially in children. Case presentation We report a case of a 21-year-old female of Sukuma ethnicity from the northern region of Tanzania who presented with abdominal pain and distension, fever, and abnormal vaginal discharge for the previous three weeks. The patient was also lactating for the previous 8 months following cesarean section delivery. Pelvic ultrasound suggested pelvic abscess but after laparotomy and histological analysis of a bulky uterus removed a diagnosis of mature uterine teratoma was confirmed. Conclusion Although it is rare, uterine teratoma should be considered in differential diagnosis to any patient with uterine mass even without typical radiological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kamgobe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of Health and Allied sciences, P.O.BOX 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Anthony Massinde
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of Health and Allied sciences, P.O.BOX 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bugando Medical Centre, P.O.BOX 1370, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Dismas Matovelo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of Health and Allied sciences, P.O.BOX 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Edgar Ndaboine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of Health and Allied sciences, P.O.BOX 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bugando Medical Centre, P.O.BOX 1370, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Peter Rambau
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Health and Allied sciences, P.O.BOX 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Tito Chaula
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of Health and Allied sciences, P.O.BOX 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
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Primary immature teratoma of the uterus relapsing as malignant neuroepithelioma: case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Oncol Med 2013; 2013:971803. [PMID: 23862084 PMCID: PMC3687716 DOI: 10.1155/2013/971803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Although some mature cases of teratomas have recently been described in the cervix, they are not commonly found in the uterus, especially in immature forms. An immature uterine teratoma relapsing after surgery as malignant neuroepithelioma has never been reported in the literature. Case Presentation. We describe a case of immature teratoma which occurred primarily in the uterus in a 56-year-old female. Treatment consisted of total simple hysterectomy. Three months after surgery, the patient relapsed with voluminous pelvic mass and was treated with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin-containing chemotherapy regimen. Conclusion. In this report and according to the pertinent literature, clinical and pathological features and management of uterine immature teratomas are discussed. The mainstay of treatment is surgery. The prognosis of this unusual disease remains uncertain.
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12
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Origin of uterine teratoma differs from that of ovarian teratoma: a case of uterine mature cystic teratoma. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2012; 30:544-8. [PMID: 21979590 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0b013e31821c3205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mature cystic teratomas are usually found in the ovaries and rarely in the uterus. Most teratomas of the uterus are of cervical origin. There are only a handful of reports to date of uterine teratomas arising from uterine corpus. The teratomas of the ovaries and the cervix are thought to be of parthenogenetic origin from oocyte after the completion of the first division. However, the origin of a uterine teratoma has not been established by molecular methods. In this study, we report a 46-year-old woman with a teratoma within uterine corpus. Computed tomography scanning and histological studies after tumor resection confirmed the diagnosis of teratoma. The DNA profiles of normal uterine tissue and teratoma tissue were compared using short tandem repeats analysis and showed that the teratoma did not originate from the parthenogenetic process. Our results suggest that the origin of this uterine teratoma is most likely pluripotential stem cell of uterus or primordial germ cell before meiosis I.
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Ogata K, Kushida M, Miyata K, Sukata T, Yamada T, Uwagawa S, Kawamura S. Well-differentiated teratoma in a mouse uterus. Toxicol Pathol 2011; 39:901-4. [PMID: 21670167 DOI: 10.1177/0192623311410443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Teratomas commonly occur in the testis and ovary, whereas in the uterus they are rare. The authors report findings for a mass detected in the uterus of a 26-week-old mouse in a colony of C57BL/6 bred in their laboratory. The mass was located in the endometrium and protruded into the lumen. Histopathologically, it consisted of abnormal diploblastic or triploblastic tissues. Bone with a growth plate and myeloid cells, as well as cartilage, was mainly observed. It also included melanocytes, exocrine gland-like cells, striated muscle, and neuron-like cells. While these tissues were accompanied by extensive necrosis, all of them were well differentiated and lacked features of malignancy, such as invasion and metastasis. This mouse had experienced parturition, but fetal tissue was not observed in the lesion. Therefore, the lesion was diagnosed as a benign teratoma, which was spontaneously developed in the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Ogata
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
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Newsom-Davis T, Poulter D, Gray R, Ameen M, Lindsay I, Papanikolaou K, Butler-Manuel S, Christmas T, Townsend P, Seckl M. Case report: malignant teratoma of the uterine corpus. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:195. [PMID: 19538751 PMCID: PMC2709639 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Teratomas are the commonest germ cell tumours and are most frequently found in the testes and ovary. Extragonadal teratomas are rare and mainly occur in midline structures. Uterine teratomas are extremely rare with only a few previous case reports, usually involving mature teratomas of the uterine cervix. Case Presentation We report an 82-year-old lady presenting with post-menopausal bleeding. Initial investigations revealed a benign teratoma of the uterus which was removed. Her symptoms persisted and a recurrent, now malignant, teratoma of the uterine corpus was resected at hysterectomy. Six months after surgery she relapsed with para-aortic lymphadenopathy and was treated with a taxane, etoposide and cisplatin-containing chemotherapy regimen followed by retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Conclusion In this report we discuss the aetiology, diagnosis and management of uterine teratomas, and review previous case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Newsom-Davis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.
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Terada T. Large Endocervical Polyp With Cartilaginous and Osseous Metaplasia: A Hitherto Unreported Entity. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2009; 28:98-100. [DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0b013e31817eb796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Robertson M, Scott P, Ellwood DA, Low S. Endocervical polyp in pregnancy: gray scale and color Doppler images and essential considerations in pregnancy. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2005; 26:583-4. [PMID: 16180257 DOI: 10.1002/uog.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Robertson
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Women and Children's Health Services, The Canberra Hospital, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Canberra Clinical School, Australian National University Medical School, Australia.
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