Tumor cell lysis syndrome resulting from transient abnormal myelopoiesis in a neonate with Down's syndrome

Tumour lysis syndrome in a neonate with transient abnormal myelopoiesis

BACKGROUND

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncological emergency associated with hematological malignancies or highly proliferative solid tumors, commonly after chemotherapy. It is rarely associated with transient abnormal myelopoiesis.

OBSERVATION

We report a rare case of a neonate with transient abnormal myelopoiesis and tumor lysis syndrome, complicated with concomitant heart failure due to an underlying atrioventricular septal defect. Hyperhydration was contraindicated due to heart failure. The patient was managed conservatively with full recovery.

CONCLUSION

Tumor lysis syndrome should be suspected in neonates with transient abnormal myelopoiesis with electrolyte abnormalities. Treatment options should be considered carefully for their risks and benefits.

Tumor Lysis-like Syndrome in Eosinophilic Disease of the Lung: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a metabolic disorder that is generally associated with a malignancy leading to hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, and acute kidney injury. On the other hand, we sometimes encounter these phenomena in nonmalignant disease, which has been referred to as tumor lysis-like syndrome in some studies. We herein experienced a case in which tumor lysis-like syndrome occurred in the course of therapy for eosinophilic disease of the lung, a nonmalignant disease. Even in nonmalignant disease, massive cell lysis induced by therapy can cause phenomena such as TLS or tumor lysis-like syndrome.

Transient myeloproliferative disorder in a newborn with down syndrome treated with rasburicase for the risk of development of tumor lysis syndrome: A case report

INTRODUCTION

Transient myeloproliferative disorder is a hematologic abnormality characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of myeloblasts in peripheral blood and bone marrow that primarily affects newborns and babies with Down syndrome. Tumor lysis syndrome is rarely associated with transient myeloproliferative disorder.

CASE PRESENTATION

Transient myeloproliferative disorder was diagnosed in a seven-day-old baby girl with Down syndrome, who was referred to our department due to hyperleukocytosis. Our patient developed tumor lysis syndrome, successfully treated with rasburicase, as a complication of transient myeloproliferative disorder resulting from rapid degradation of myeloid blasts after initiation of effective chemotherapy.

CONCLUSIONS

Tumor lysis syndrome is rarely reported as a complication of transient myeloproliferative disorder. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a newborn with Down syndrome and transient myeloproliferative disorder treated with rasburicase for developing tumor lysis syndrome.