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Intestinal Permeability and IgA Provoke Immune Vasculitis Linked to Cardiovascular Inflammation. Immunity 2019; 51:508-521.e6. [PMID: 31471109 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent experimental data and clinical, genetic, and transcriptome evidence from patients converge to suggest a key role of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD). However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of cardiovascular lesions during KD vasculitis are still unknown. Here, we investigated intestinal barrier function in KD vasculitis and observed evidence of intestinal permeability and elevated circulating secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in KD patients, as well as elevated sIgA and IgA deposition in vascular tissues in a mouse model of KD vasculitis. Targeting intestinal permeability corrected gut permeability, prevented IgA deposition and ameliorated cardiovascular pathology in the mouse model. Using genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of IL-1β signaling, we demonstrate that IL-1β lies upstream of disrupted intestinal barrier function, subsequent IgA vasculitis development, and cardiac inflammation. Targeting mucosal barrier dysfunction and the IL-1β pathway may also be applicable to other IgA-related diseases, including IgA vasculitis and IgA nephropathy.
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Kuo HC, Pan CT, Huang YH, Huang FC, Lin YS, Li SC, Huang LH. Global Investigation of Immune Repertoire Suggests Kawasaki Disease Has Infectious Cause. Circ J 2019; 83:2070-2078. [PMID: 31378745 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-19-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease (KD) severely threatens young children's health worldwide. The pathogenic mechanism of KD has not yet been solved, so there is still debate over whether KD is an infectious disease or an autoimmune disease.Methods and Results:To solve this problem, an immune repertoire analysis of KD was conducted. We collected blood cell RNA samples and prepared them into amplicons with iRepertoire kits. The amplicons were sequenced and analyzed with the iRepertoire pipeline. We first identified KD-specific VJ and VDJ forms that had the potential to serve as biomarkers of KD. In addition, the KD-specific VDJ forms were contributed mostly by immunoglobulin G. The D50 value analysis showed that B-cell diversity in KD is decreased, suggesting unique immunoglobulins are produced in KD. Moreover, V, D and J segment usage in IgA, IgG and IgM was consistent with previous KD studies. Further comparison showed no difference in CDR3 peptide length between KD and fever controls (subjects with fever but not diagnosed as KD), indicting KD had B-cell selection phenomenon that has a non-autoimmune pattern. The comparison of amino acid usage of the CDR3 region demonstrated a preference for hydrophilic amino acids in KD. CONCLUSIONS The results of D50 value, VDJ usage and CDR3 peptide length analyses suggested the characteristics of infectious disease for KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Chang Kuo
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Cheng-Tsung Pan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University
| | - Ying-Hsien Huang
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Fu-Chen Huang
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Yeong-Shin Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University
| | - Sung-Chou Li
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Lien-Hung Huang
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine
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Fabi M, Corinaldesi E, Pierantoni L, Mazzoni E, Landini C, Bigucci B, Ancora G, Malaigia L, Bodnar T, Di Fazzio G, Lami F, Valletta E, Cicero C, Biasucci G, Iughetti L, Marchetti F, Sogno Valin P, Amarri S, Brusa S, Sprocati M, Maggiore G, Dormi A, Lanzoni P, Donti A, Lanari M. Gastrointestinal presentation of Kawasaki disease: A red flag for severe disease? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202658. [PMID: 30180185 PMCID: PMC6122791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kawasaki disease (KD) is a febrile systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology and the main cause of acquired heart disease among children in the developed world. To date, abdominal involvement at presentation is not recognized as a risk factor for a more severe form of the disease. Objective To evaluate whether presenting abdominal manifestations identify a group at major risk for Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)-resistance and coronary lesions. Methods Retrospective study of KD patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2015 in 13 pediatric units in Italy. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of abdominal manifestations at onset. We compared their demographic and clinical data, IVIG-responsiveness, coronary ectasia/aneurysms, laboratory findings from the acute and subacute phases. Results 302 patients (181 boys) were enrolled: 106 patients with, and 196 patients without presenting abdominal features. Seasonality was different between the groups (p = 0.034). Patients with abdominal manifestations were younger (p = 0.006) and more frequently underwent delayed treatment (p = 0.014). In the acute phase, patients with abdominal presentation had higher platelet counts (PLT) (p = 0.042) and lower albuminemia (p = 0.009), while, in the subacute phase, they had higher white blood cell counts (WBC) and PLT (p = 0.002 and p < 0.005, respectively) and lower red blood cell counts (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb) (p = 0.031 and p 0.009). Moreover, the above mentioned group was more likely to be IVIG-resistant (p < 0.005) and have coronary aneurysms (p = 0.007). In the multivariate analysis, presenting abdominal manifestations, age younger than 6 months, IVIG- resistance, delayed treatment and albumin concentration in the acute phase were independent risk factors for coronary aneurysms (respectively p<0.005, <0.005, = 0.005 and 0.009). Conclusions This is the first multicenter report demonstrating that presenting gastrointestinal features in KD identify patients at higher risk for IVIG-resistance and for the development of coronary aneurysms in a predominantly Caucasian population. Clinical trial registration 8/20014/O/OssN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Fabi
- Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Unit, University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Luca Pierantoni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Pediatrics, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Landini
- Department of Pediatrics, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Gina Ancora
- Department of Pediatrics, Infermi Hospital, Rimini, Italy
| | - Laura Malaigia
- Department of Pediatrics, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Tetyana Bodnar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Di Fazzio
- Department of Pediatrics, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesca Lami
- Department of Pediatric, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Enrico Valletta
- Department of Pediatrics, G.B.Morgagni–L. Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL della Romagna, Forlì, Italy
| | - Cristina Cicero
- Department of Pediatrics, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, AUSL, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giacomo Biasucci
- Department of Pediatrics, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, AUSL, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Department of Pediatric, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Federico Marchetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Santa Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL della Romagna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Paola Sogno Valin
- Department of Pediatrics, Santa Maria della Scaletta Hospital, Imola, Italy
| | - Sergio Amarri
- Department of Pediatrics, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Sandra Brusa
- Department of Pediatrics, Santa Maria della Scaletta Hospital, Imola, Italy
| | - Monica Sprocati
- Department of Pediatrics, Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Ada Dormi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Lanzoni
- Department of Pediatrics, Ramazzini Hospital, Carpi, Italy
| | - Andrea Donti
- Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Unit, University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Lanari
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Kaneko M, Ono T, Matsubara T, Yamamoto Y, Ikeda H, Yoshiki T, Furukawa S, Nakayama E. Serological Identification of Endothelial Antigens Predominantly Recognized in Kawasaki Disease Patients by Recombinant Expression Cloning. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 48:703-11. [PMID: 15383707 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2004.tb03472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We showed IgG immune response against endothelial antigens in sera obtained from convalescent Kawasaki disease (KD) patients after recovery from the disease during the follow-up period using serological analysis of recombinant cDNA expression library (SEREX) methodology. We identified 46 antigens represented by 69 clones by immunoscreening of a cDNA expression library from tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with sera from 4 KD patients. They included ubiquitin pathway proteins, transcriptional factors, signal transduction molecules, metabolic enzymes, cytoskeletal proteins, an adhesion molecule, and a cell cycle protein. By serological survey using phage plaque assay, sera from 5 non-KD patients were rarely reactive with the antigens. Among the antigens, tropomyosin was most frequently isolated (18 of 69 clones). Seventeen of the 18 clones were identified using KD3 serum. The second most frequently isolated antigen was also a cytoskeletal protein, called Tplastin (3 of 69 clones).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Kaneko
- Department of Immunology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Giordani L, Quaranta MG, Marchesi A, Straface E, Pietraforte D, Villani A, Malorni W, Del Principe D, Viora M. Increased frequency of immunoglobulin (Ig)A-secreting cells following Toll-like receptor (TLR)-9 engagement in patients with Kawasaki disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 163:346-53. [PMID: 21175593 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis affecting mainly infants and children. Human B cells express Toll-like receptor (TLR)-9, whose natural ligands are unmethylated cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) motifs characteristic of bacterial DNA. The aim of this study was to clarify the pathogenesis of KD analysing the activation status of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), focusing on B lymphocyte activation and functions. Ten patients and 10 age-matched healthy donors were recruited from the Bambino Gesù Hospital of Rome, Italy and enrolled into this study. We determined phenotype profile and immunoglobulin (Ig) production of PBMC from KD patients and age-matched controls. We found that the frequency of CD19(+) B lymphocytes and CD19(+) /CD86(+) activated B lymphocytes from KD patients during the acute phase before therapy was increased significantly. Moreover, B lymphocytes of acute-phase KD patients were more prone to CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) activation compared with the age-matched controls, as assessed by a significant increase of the number of IgA-secreting cells (SC). In the same patients we found a marked increase of IgM, IgG, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α production compared with the control group. In addition, in two convalescent KD patients, conventional treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) restored the normal frequency of CD19(+) B cells, the number of IgA-, IgM- and IgG-SC and the production of IL-6 and TNF-α. Our findings indicate that the percentages of peripheral B lymphocytes of acute-phase KD patients are increased and are prone to bacterial activation in terms of increased numbers of IgA-SC and increased production of IL-6 and TNF-α inflammatory cytokines. Thus, our data support the hypothesis of an infectious triggering in KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Giordani
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Bonner A, Almogren A, Furtado PB, Kerr MA, Perkins SJ. The nonplanar secretory IgA2 and near planar secretory IgA1 solution structures rationalize their different mucosal immune responses. J Biol Chem 2008; 284:5077-87. [PMID: 19109255 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807529200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory IgA (SIgA) is the most prevalent human antibody and is central to mucosal immunity. It exists as two subclasses, SIgA1 and SIgA2, where SIgA2 has a shorter hinge joining the Fab and Fc regions. Both forms of SIgA are predominantly dimeric and contain an additional protein called the secretory component (SC) that is attached during the secretory process and is believed to protect SIgA in harsh mucosal conditions. Here we locate the five SC domains relative to dimeric IgA2 within SIgA2 using constrained scattering modeling. The x-ray and sedimentation parameters showed that SIgA2 has an extended solution structure. The constrained modeling of SIgA2 was initiated using two IgA2 monomers that were positioned according to our best fit solution structure for dimeric IgA1. SC was best located along the convex edge of the Fc-Fc region. The best fit models showed that SIgA2 is significantly nonplanar in its structure, in distinction to our previous near planar SIgA1 structure. Both the shorter IgA2 hinges and the presence of SC appear to displace the four Fab regions out of the Fc plane in SIgA2. This may explain the noncovalent binding of SC in some SIgA2 molecules. This nonplanar structure is predicted to result in specific immune properties for SIgA2 and SIgA1. It may explain differences observed between the SIgA1 and SIgA2 subclasses in terms of their interactions with antigens, susceptibility to proteases, effects on receptors, and distribution in different tissues. The different structures account for the prevalence of both forms in mucosal secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bonner
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, Darwin Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Venkatraman R, Singh S, Minz RW. Study of the autoantibody profile after the acute phase of Kawasaki disease in a cohort of children from North India. Rheumatol Int 2005; 26:693-6. [PMID: 16308701 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-005-0050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2004] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A study of organ-specific and organ-nonspecific autoantibodies was carried out in 21 children being followed up after a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease at a tertiary care center of North India. Anti-nuclear antibodies were detected in 9.5% patients while anti-thyroid microsomal antibodies were detected in 23.9% patients. Other autoantibodies (e.g. anti-parietal cell antibody, anti-liver kidney microsomal antibody anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, anti-mitochondrial antibody and anti-smooth muscle antibody) were not detected in any of our patients. Children with Kawasaki disease need to be monitored for the development of autoantibodies during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Venkatraman
- Department of Pediatrics and Immunopathology, Advanced Pediatric Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), 160012, Chandigarh, India
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