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Griffiths S, Behar JM, Kramer DB, Debney MT, Monkhouse C, Lefas AY, Lowe M, Amin F, Cantor E, Boyalla V, Karim N, Till J, Markides V, Clague JR, Wong T. The long-term outcomes of cardiac implantable electronic devices implanted via the femoral route. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2022; 45:481-490. [PMID: 35043404 PMCID: PMC9305836 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Conventional superior access for cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) is not always possible and femoral CIEDs (F‐CIED) are an alternative option when leadless systems are not suitable. The long‐term outcomes and extraction experiences with F‐CIEDs, in particular complex F‐CIED (ICD/CRT devices), remain poorly understood. Methods Patients referred for F‐CIEDs implantation between 2002 and 2019 at two tertiary centers were included. Early complications were defined as ≤30 days following implant and late complications >30 days. Results Thirty‐one patients (66% male; age 56 ± 20 years; 35% [11] patients with congenital heart disease) were implanted with F‐CIEDs (10 ICD/CRT and 21 pacemakers). Early complications were observed in 6.5% of patients: two lead displacements. Late complications at 6.8 ± 4.4 years occurred in 29.0% of patients. This was higher with complex F‐CIED compared to simple F‐CIED (60.0% vs. 14.3%, p = .02). Late complications were predominantly generator site related (n = 8, 25.8%) including seven infections/erosions and one generator migration. Eight femoral generators and 14 leads (median duration in situ seven [range 6–11] years) were extracted without complication. Conclusions Procedural success with F‐CIEDs is high with clinically acceptable early complication rates. There is a notable risk of late complications, particularly involving the generator site of complex devices following repeat femoral procedures. Extraction of chronic F‐CIED in experienced centers is feasible and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Griffiths
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Jonathan M Behar
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Daniel B Kramer
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mike T Debney
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | | | - Alicia Y Lefas
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Martin Lowe
- Barts Heart Centre, West Smithfields, London, EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Fouad Amin
- Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, Frimley, UK
| | - Emily Cantor
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Vennella Boyalla
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Nabeela Karim
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Jan Till
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Vias Markides
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Jonathan R Clague
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Tom Wong
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK
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2
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Stoyanov N, Goranovska V, Gegouskov V, Velchev V. Endovascular iliac vein recanalization for permanent pacemaker implantation in a patient who has long-term haemodialysis: a case report. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CASE REPORTS 2020; 4:1-4. [PMID: 32974438 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background In chronic haemodialysis patients central veins occlusion occur very often. In such patients, permanent pacemaker placement implantation can be challenging and alternative approaches should be used. Case summary This is a case of 66-year-old male patient with complete atrioventricular block after a mitral valve (MV) surgery for endocarditis. The patient has a permanent surgically inserted haemodialysis catheter in right heart atrium after several unsuccessful attempts of endovascular recanalization of superior vena cava. A lead was implanted in the right ventricle after successful endovascular revascularization of the right iliac vein. The pacemaker was placed in a pouch on the right lower abdominal wall. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first reported case where a permanent single-chamber pacemaker was implanted through the right iliac vein after successful endovascular recanalization in chronic haemodialysis patient post-MV replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Stoyanov
- Department of Cardiology, St. Anna University Hospital, "Dimitar Mollov" 1 str. 1784, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Valya Goranovska
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, St. Anna University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vassil Gegouskov
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, St. Anna University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Medical University-Pleven, Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Vasil Velchev
- Department of Cardiology, St. Anna University Hospital, "Dimitar Mollov" 1 str. 1784, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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García Guerrero JJ, Fernández de la Concha Castañeda J, Doblado Calatrava M, Redondo Méndez Á, Lázaro Medrano M, Merchán Herrera A. Transfemoral access when superior venous approach is not feasible equals overall success of permanent pacemaker implantation. Ten-year series. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2017; 40:638-643. [DOI: 10.1111/pace.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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MORIÑA-VÁZQUEZ PABLO, ROA-GARRIDO JESSICA, FERNÁNDEZ-GÓMEZ JUANM, VENEGAS-GAMERO JOSÉ, PICHARDO RAFAELB, CARRANZA MANUELH. Direct Left Ventricular Endocardial Pacing: An Alternative When Traditional Resynchronization Via Coronary Sinus Is Not Feasible or Effective. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2013; 36:699-706. [DOI: 10.1111/pace.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - JESSICA ROA-GARRIDO
- Pacing and Arrhythmia Department; Juan Ramón Jiménez Hospital; Huelva; Spain
| | | | - JOSÉ VENEGAS-GAMERO
- Pacing and Arrhythmia Department; Juan Ramón Jiménez Hospital; Huelva; Spain
| | - RAFAEL B. PICHARDO
- Pacing and Arrhythmia Department; Juan Ramón Jiménez Hospital; Huelva; Spain
| | - MANUEL H. CARRANZA
- Pacing and Arrhythmia Department; Juan Ramón Jiménez Hospital; Huelva; Spain
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Moriña-Vázquez P, Barba-Pichardo R, Gamero JV, Fernández-Gómez JM. Implantation via the femoral vein of a biventricular defibrillator with transseptal endocardial left ventricular pacing. Rev Esp Cardiol 2009; 62:1503-5. [PMID: 20038424 DOI: 10.1016/s1885-5857(09)73552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Moriña-Vázquez P, Barba-Pichardo R, Gamero JV, Fernández-Gómez JM. Implante de un desfibrilador biventricular con estimulación endocárdica transeptal de ventrículo izquierdo vía venosa femoral. Rev Esp Cardiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-8932(09)73143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Endovascular bi-ventricular pacing-defibrillator placement using a trans-atrial approach. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2009; 27:143-5. [PMID: 19543961 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-009-9403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Venous access for pectoral pacemaker and defibrillator lead placement can be compromised by venous occlusion due to previous pacing leads, access ports for medications such as chemotherapy, dialysis access, and other causes. On rare occasion, a femoral access is utilized for device placement. We report here a patient without venous access to the heart from either above or below due to retroperitoneal fibrosis. A bi-ventricular pacing-defibrillator was placed using a direct trans-atrial approach with good results. This minimally invasive approach to device placement may be useful in patients with poor venous access and avoids the placement of epicardial hardware.
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Jourdier L, Swinburn J, Roberts D, Clague J. Implantation of a biventricular implantable cardioverter defibrillator via the femoral vein. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2007; 30:571-2. [PMID: 17437585 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2007.00711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Permanent pacing with access gained via the femoral vein has been described since 1980. Here we describe implantation of a biventricular implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in a case where normal implantation using thoracic venous access was not possible due to anatomical anomalies. The advantages of this technique over epicardial pacing in such a case are discussed, as are the practical difficulties involved when applying this technique to the implantation of a biventricular ICD.
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García Guerrero JJ, De La Concha Castañeda JF, Fernández Mora G, López Quero D, Redondo Méndez A, Dávila Dávila E, Merchán Herrera A. Permanent Transfemoral Pacemaker: A Single-Center Series Performed with an Easier and Safer Surgical Technique. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2005; 28:675-9. [PMID: 16008803 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2005.00145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION When venous access via the upper venous tree is not possible, the usual approach is to proceed to epicardial lead placement. MATERIAL AND METHODS This report presents a consecutive series of 12 permanent pacemaker systems utilizing the right femoral vein for venous access implanted between May 2001 and October 2004. RESULTS A modification of the previously reported surgical technique was used with a mean implant time of 52 minutes. Five were dual-chamber systems and seven were VVIR. All the leads implanted were active fixation. There was a 0% dislodgment rate and a mean follow-up of 18 months. During this time, three patients required revision or treatment of a pocket complication. All systems remained in the pacing mode as originally programmed with stable low sensing and pacing thresholds. There was no clinical evidence for acute or chronic venous thrombosis and no evidence of asymptomatic venous obstruction in eight patients who underwent echo-duplex studies. CONCLUSION We believe that the permanent femoral implant utilizing the technical modifications described in this article, offers an alternative to epicardial lead placement when the usual upper venous tree access is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J García Guerrero
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Infanta Cristina, Ctra Portugal S/N, 06010 Badajoz, Spain.
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Eldadah ZA, Donahue JK. Successful Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Placement in an Ambulatory Patient Without Thoracic Venous Access. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2004; 15:716-8. [PMID: 15175069 DOI: 10.1046/j.1540-8167.2004.03435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of an individual requiring permanent cardiac pacing and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) function revealed no suitable thoracic vascular access for traditional device implantation. Because the patient refused cardiac surgery, a left femoral venous approach was used to introduce two extended-length, active fixation leads that were positioned in the right atrium and ventricle. The leads were tunneled to the abdomen and connected to a dual-chamber ICD. A low defibrillation threshold and robust pacing and sensing parameters were observed at implant. All of these parameters were stable at 6-month follow-up. In addition, no negative effects of the predominantly abdominal shock vector were observed. This case suggests that femoral ICD placement should be considered before routinely referring such patients for open chest surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zayd A Eldadah
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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