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Prognostic Significance of Substance P and Neurokinin-1 Receptor in Bladder Cancer. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 11:411-420. [PMID: 36718293 PMCID: PMC9883027 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.11.3.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer is one of the most common genitourinary cancers with significant mortality. Finding reliable tumor markers and potential drug targets can improve early diagnosis, prognosis, and more effective therapeutic protocols. Previous studies have reported the involvement of the substance P (SP)/neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) system in cancers. The potential prognostic role and the interaction of SP and NK-1R in bladder tumor are yet to be elucidated. Methods Serum samples from 22 primarily diagnosed patients with bladder cancer as well as 22 healthy controls were examined for SP level using ELISA method. Tissue distribution of NK-1R in tumor samples and their adjacent normal tissues was evaluated through immunohistochemistry. Results Serum SP levels in patients with bladder cancer were higher than the healthy group (p< 0.001) and had a significant correlation with NK-1R staining intensity (p< 0.001), percentage of stained cells (p< 0.001), and NK-1R tissue distribution. Also, the immunoreactivity of NK-1R in cancer samples increased significantly without correlation with tumor characteristics. However, no significant association was found between SP and NK-1R levels with clinical characteristics including tumor size (p= 0.33), tumor stage (p= 0.29), grade (p= 0.93), NK-1R staining intensity (p= 0.53), and percentage of stained cells (p= 0.32). Discussion According to our findings, despite the lack of association between SP and NK-1R with clinical characteristics of bladder cancer, their serum levels were higher in patients with bladder cancer. Further studies are needed to confirm the potential prognostic role of SP and NK-1R in bladder cancer.
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Lim I, Chess-Williams R, Sellers D. A porcine model of ureteral contractile activity: Influences of age, tissue orientation, region, urothelium, COX and NO. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2020; 102:106661. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.106661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Roedel M, Ravens U, Kasper M, Wirth MP, Jepps TA, Propping S. Contractile responses in intact and mucosa-denuded human ureter—a comparison with urinary bladder detrusor preparations. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:773-782. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Effect of Flos carthami Extract and α 1-Adrenergic Antagonists on the Porcine Proximal Ureteral Peristalsis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:437803. [PMID: 25170340 PMCID: PMC4120800 DOI: 10.1155/2014/437803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been proposed to prevent urolithiasis. In China, Flos carthami (FC, also known as Carthamus tinctorius) (Safflower; Chinese name: Hong Hua/紅花) has been used to treat urological diseases for centuries. We previously performed a screening and confirmed the in vivo antilithic effect of FC extract. Here, ex vivo organ bath experiment was further performed to study the effect of FC extract on the inhibition of phenylepinephrine (PE) (10−4 and 10−3 M) ureteral peristalsis of porcine ureters with several α1-adrenergic antagonists (doxazosin, tamsulosin, and terazosin) as experimental controls. The results showed that doxazosin, tamsulosin, and terazosin dose (approximately 4.5 × 10−6 − 4.5 × 10−1
μg/mL) dependently inhibited both 10−4 and 10−3 M PE-induced ureteral peristalsis. FC extract achieved 6.2% ± 10.1%, 21.8% ± 6.8%, and 24.0% ± 5.6% inhibitions of 10−4 M PE-induced peristalsis at doses of 5 × 103, 1 × 104, and 2 × 104
μg/mL, respectively, since FC extract was unable to completely inhibit PE-induced ureteral peristalsis, suggesting the antilithic effect of FC extract is related to mechanisms other than modulation of ureteral peristalsis.
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Al-Aown A, Kyriazis I, Kallidonis P, Sakellaropoulos G, Vrettos T, Perimenis P, Filos K, Liatsikos E. Vardenafil Effect on Ureteric Smooth Muscle: In Vitro Study in Porcine Model. J Endourol 2011; 25:505-9. [DOI: 10.1089/end.2010.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iason Kyriazis
- Department of Urology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - Theofanis Vrettos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Kriton Filos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Osman F, Nádasy GL, Monos E, Nyirády P, Romics I. A novel videomicroscopic technique for studying rat ureteral peristalsis in vivo. World J Urol 2008; 27:265-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-008-0340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Nyirády P, Cuckow PM, Fry CH. Changes to the contractile function of ureter smooth muscle after partial infravesical obstruction in fetal sheep. BJU Int 2008; 102:490-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2008.07630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bandi G, Wilkinson EA, Cary-Coyle TL, Jerde TJ, Nakada SY. Third Prize: Effect of Hydrocortisone on Porcine Ureteral Contractility in Vitro. J Endourol 2008; 22:1169-73. [DOI: 10.1089/end.2008.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Bandi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Eric A. Wilkinson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Tawnya L. Cary-Coyle
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Travis J. Jerde
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Stephen Y. Nakada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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Effects of a non-selective COX inhibitor and selective COX-2 inhibitors on contractility of human and porcine ureters in vitro and in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 154:1297-307. [PMID: 18500363 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Anti-inflammatory drugs are used in the treatment of acute renal colic. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of selective COX-2 inhibitors and the non-selective COX inhibitor diclofenac on contractility of human and porcine ureters in vitro and in vivo, respectively. COX-1 and COX-2 receptors were identified in human ureter and kidney. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human ureter samples were used alongside an in vivo pig model with or without partial ureteral obstruction. COX-1 and COX-2 receptors were located in human ureters by immunohistochemistry. KEY RESULTS Diclofenac and valdecoxib significantly decreased the amplitude of electrically-stimulated contractions in human ureters in vitro, the maximal effect (Vmax) being 120 and 14%, respectively. Valdecoxib was more potent in proximal specimens of human ureter (EC50=7.3 x 10(-11) M) than in distal specimens (EC50=7.4 x 10(-10) M), and the Vmax was more marked in distal specimens (22.5%) than in proximal specimens (8.0%) in vitro. In the in vivo pig model, parecoxib, when compared to the effect of its solvent, significantly decreased the maximal amplitude of contractions (Amax) in non-obstructed ureters but not in obstructed ureters. Diclofenac had no effect on spontaneous contractions of porcine ureter in vivo. COX-1 and COX-2 receptors were found to be expressed in proximal and distal human ureter and in tubulus epithelia of the kidney. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Selective COX-2 inhibitors decrease the contractility of non-obstructed, but not obstructed, ureters of the pig in vivo, but have a minimal effect on electrically-induced contractions of human ureters in vitro.
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Wen CC, Coyle TLC, Jerde TJ, Nakada SY. Ketorolac Effectively Inhibits Ureteral Contractility in Vitro. J Endourol 2008; 22:739-42. [DOI: 10.1089/end.2007.9839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. Charles Wen
- Division of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Tawnya L. Cary Coyle
- Division of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Travis J. Jerde
- Division of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Stephen Y. Nakada
- Division of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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Doxazosin relaxes ureteral smooth muscle and inhibits epinephrine-induced ureteral contractility in vitro. Urology 2007; 70:817-21. [PMID: 17991579 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Revised: 03/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although recent evidence has supported increased ureteral stone passage with selective alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor antagonists, no mechanistic study evaluating ureteral relaxation by alpha(1) antagonism has been reported to date. We evaluated whether the alpha-blocker doxazosin reduces spontaneous, and inhibits alpha(1)-agonist-induced ureteral contractility. Additionally, alpha-receptor subtypes in normal and obstructed human ureter were analyzed. METHODS We exposed porcine ureters in organ tissue baths with 0.1, 1.0, or 10 microM doxazosin and recorded the tension for 90 minutes. After the initial treatment, a concentration-response curve of epinephrine or phenylephrine (1 nM to 10 microM) was generated. The experiment was repeated with the proximal, mid-, and distal ureter. The relative expression of the alpha 1A, 1B, and 1D receptor subtypes in normal and obstructed human ureters was analyzed using immunoblotting. RESULTS Doxazosin reduced the spontaneous ureteral contractility rates in a concentration-dependent fashion by 23% to 34%. A more pronounced relaxation effect by doxazosin was evident when epinephrine was introduced to the tissues. In 1 and 10-microM doxazosin-pretreated tissues, epinephrine caused 89% and 100% relaxation, respectively. Phenylephrine-induced contractions were antagonized by doxazosin but not reversed to any relaxant function. No differential expression of alpha(1)-receptor subtypes was identified in the obstructed versus normal ureters. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study have shown that alpha(1)-receptor blockade decreases ureteral contractility and inverses the effect of epinephrine, providing even greater relaxation. We hypothesize that alpha receptor blockade might relax the ureter and induce stone passage by way of epinephrine activation of beta receptors. Additional studies should be performed to validate this hypothesis and to compare various alpha(1)-receptor subtype antagonists.
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Saban R, Simpson C, Vadigepalli R, Memet S, Dozmorov I, Saban MR. Bladder inflammatory transcriptome in response to tachykinins: neurokinin 1 receptor-dependent genes and transcription regulatory elements. BMC Urol 2007; 7:7. [PMID: 17519035 PMCID: PMC1888709 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2490-7-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tachykinins (TK), such as substance P, and their neurokinin receptors which are ubiquitously expressed in the human urinary tract, represent an endogenous system regulating bladder inflammatory, immune responses, and visceral hypersensitivity. Increasing evidence correlates alterations in the TK system with urinary tract diseases such as neurogenic bladders, outflow obstruction, idiopathic detrusor instability, and interstitial cystitis. However, despite promising effects in animal models, there seems to be no published clinical study showing that NK-receptor antagonists are an effective treatment of pain in general or urinary tract disorders, such as detrusor overactivity. In order to search for therapeutic targets that could block the tachykinin system, we set forth to determine the regulatory network downstream of NK1 receptor activation. First, NK1R-dependent transcripts were determined and used to query known databases for their respective transcription regulatory elements (TREs). METHODS An expression analysis was performed using urinary bladders isolated from sensitized wild type (WT) and NK1R-/- mice that were stimulated with saline, LPS, or antigen to provoke inflammation. Based on cDNA array results, NK1R-dependent genes were selected. PAINT software was used to query TRANSFAC database and to retrieve upstream TREs that were confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. RESULTS The regulatory network of TREs driving NK1R-dependent genes presented cRel in a central position driving 22% of all genes, followed by AP-1, NF-kappaB, v-Myb, CRE-BP1/c-Jun, USF, Pax-6, Efr-1, Egr-3, and AREB6. A comparison between NK1R-dependent and NK1R-independent genes revealed Nkx-2.5 as a unique discriminator. In the presence of NK1R, Nkx2-5 _01 was significantly correlated with 36 transcripts which included several candidates for mediating bladder development (FGF) and inflammation (PAR-3, IL-1R, IL-6, alpha-NGF, TSP2). In the absence of NK1R, the matrix Nkx2-5_02 had a predominant participation driving 8 transcripts, which includes those involved in cancer (EYA1, Trail, HSF1, and ELK-1), smooth-to-skeletal muscle trans-differentiation, and Z01, a tight-junction protein, expression. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed that, in the mouse urinary bladder, activation of NK1R by substance P (SP) induces both NKx-2.5 and NF-kappaB translocations. CONCLUSION This is the first report describing a role for Nkx2.5 in the urinary tract. As Nkx2.5 is the unique discriminator of NK1R-modulated inflammation, it can be imagined that in the near future, new based therapies selective for controlling Nkx2.5 activity in the urinary tract may be used in the treatment in a number of bladder disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Saban
- Department of Physiology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Cindy Simpson
- Department of Physiology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology. Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA 19107, USA
| | - Sylvie Memet
- Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, URA CNRS 3012, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Igor Dozmorov
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Arthritis and Immunology Research Program, Microarray/Euk. Genomics Core Facility, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Marcia R Saban
- Department of Physiology, The University Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Davenport K, Timoney AG, Keeley FX. A comparative in vitro study to determine the beneficial effect of calcium-channel and alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonism on human ureteric activity. BJU Int 2006; 98:651-5. [PMID: 16925767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2006.06346.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the in vitro human ureteric muscle response to calcium-channel and alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, to determine the promoting factor for stone passage. Clinical trials suggest that stone passage in renal colic can be promoted by ureteric relaxation using these agents, however nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs appear to reduce ureteric activity in vitro but do not promote stone passage when used in clinical trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human ureteric muscle strips were used to record the effect that each drug had on muscle tone in vitro. The ureter was obtained at open nephrectomy or cystectomy. Potassium-enriched Krebs' solution was used to evoke maximal muscle tone, followed by adding each drug in increasing concentrations to determine the percentage reduction in tone. The drugs used to represent each group were nifedipine, 5-methylurapidil (5-MU) and diclofenac. In all, 201 ureteric strips were obtained from 39 patients. RESULTS At all drug concentrations, the in vitro relaxant effect of nifedipine and 5-MU was greater than that of diclofenac. At 10(-5) M the median reduction in proximal and distal ureteric tone to diclofenac, nifedipine and 5-MU were 18%, 5% and 47%, vs 57%, 33% and 65%, respectively. CONCLUSION Nifedipine and 5-MU produced greater ureteric relaxation in vitro than diclofenac; they predominantly relax distal ureter. This suggests that a reduction in ureteric muscle tone, as opposed to complete ablation of activity, might be the promoting factor for stone passage.
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Ankem MK, Jerde TJ, Wilkinson ER, Nakada SY. Third Prize:Prostaglandin E2-3 Receptor Is Involved in Ureteral Contractility in Obstruction. J Endourol 2005; 19:1088-91. [PMID: 16283845 DOI: 10.1089/end.2005.19.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We previously found that prostaglandin (PG) E2 contracts acutely obstructed ureters while relaxing normal ureters. This study investigated the procontractile effects of the PG EP3 receptor in PGE(2)-mediated contractility in obstructed and normal porcine ureters. MATERIALS AND METHODS We created unilateral ureteral obstruction laparoscopically using titanium clips in farm pigs; the contralateral ureters were dissected as sham controls. Ureters were harvested 48 hours post-obstruction, cut into 5-mm segments, and suspended in water-jacketed tissue baths in Krebs buffer. Tissues were equilibrated for 1 hour, and spontaneous contractile rates were recorded. After 2 hours of incubation in Krebs (controls) or pertussis toxin (G(alpha)i signaling-protein inhibitor [EP-3 blockade]) 500 ng/mL, a concentration- response curve (10(-9) M-10(-5) M) to PGE(2), PGF(2), sulprostone (EP 3 agonist), or 0.01% ethanol (vehicle) was created (N = 4). RESULTS In the normal ureters, PGE(2) relaxed both pertussis toxin-treated and control tissues. In obstructed segments, PGE(2) increased contractions by 60%; this was reversed by pertussis toxin to a 67% reduction in contractile rate. In both obstructed and contralateral segments, sulprostone induced contractility in the controls; this was attenuated by pertussis toxin. The PGF(2) produced a contractile effect in both the controls and the pertussis toxin-treated segments, demonstrating the selectivity of pertussis toxin for EP3 receptors. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the EP3 receptor is involved in hypercontractility during ureteral obstruction. However, it may not be the sole factor behind the condition-dependent effect of PGE(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali K Ankem
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
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Lowry PS, Jerde TJ, Bjorling DE, Maskel JL, Nakada SY. Obstruction alters the effect of prostaglandin E2 on ureteral contractility. J Endourol 2005; 19:183-7. [PMID: 15798415 DOI: 10.1089/end.2005.19.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although our understanding of ureteral physiology during acute obstruction remains limited, we believe that prostanoids (prostaglandins [PGs], thromboxanes, prostacyclins) play a major role in modulation of ureteral contractility and that inhibition of prostanoid synthesis causes substantial reduction in in-vitro and in-vivo ureteral contractility rates. The purpose of this study was to determine the in-vitro effects of PGE2 on chronically obstructed human and acutely obstructed porcine ureters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female pigs underwent unilateral laparoscopic ureteral obstruction. Following 1, 2, 6, 24, and 48 hours of obstruction (n = 3 at all points), animals were euthanized, and obstructed, contralateral nonobstructed, and normal (from unobstructed pigs) ureters were harvested. Chronically obstructed human ureter was obtained from subjects who underwent nephrectomy to remove nonfunctioning kidneys. Normal human ureter was obtained from the discarded portion of excess distal ureter in patients undergoing elective donor nephrectomy. Rings 4 to 5 mm long were suspended in aerated Krebs buffer, and their spontaneous contractions and contraction in response to various concentrations of PGE2 were recorded. RESULTS Prostaglandin E2 increased contractility in chronically obstructed human ureters. In acutely obstructed porcine ureteral segments, low concentrations of PGE2 inhibited ureteral contractility in a dose-dependent fashion, similar to controls. At higher concentrations of PGE2, contractility was increased. This increase was more pronounced with longer intervals of obstruction in a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Prostaglandin E2 increased contractility in obstructed ureters while relaxing normal and nonobstructed ureters. The response to PGE2 was accentuated by a longer duration of obstruction. Prostaglandin E2 may be a unique target for pharmacologic modulation in the treatment of symptoms associated with acute urinary obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Lowry
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53792-3236, USA
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Hong SK, Kwak C, Chang Jeong B, Kim BS, Kim HH. Involvement of Rho-kinase in the contractile mechanism of human ureteral smooth muscle. Neurourol Urodyn 2005; 24:136-41. [PMID: 15690360 DOI: 10.1002/nau.20096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AIM Even though many agents have been implicated as modulators of ureteral contractile activity, the exact mechanisms that control human ureteral smooth muscle contractility have yet to be clearly defined. Recently, Rho-kinase has been reported to be involved in the contractile mechanism of smooth muscles in various organs. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether or not Rho-kinase is expressed in the human ureteral smooth muscle, and to study its role regarding human ureteral smooth muscle contractility. METHODS Ureteral samples were obtained from human adult subjects undergoing radical nephrectomy. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed to determine the presence of Rho-kinase in human ureter. Functional studies were performed with human ureteral strips suspended in organ bath, and the effects of Y-27632, a specific inhibitor of Rho-kinase, on baseline tensions, spontaneous contractions, and electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced contractions were analyzed. RESULTS The results of immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting study indicated that Rho-kinase is present in human ureteral smooth muscle. In functional analysis, Y-27632 was shown to decrease the baseline tension. And, both spontaneous and EFS-induced contractile responses of human ureteral strips were attenuated by Y-27632 in dose-dependent manners. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, the results of the present study indicate that Rho-kinase is present in human ureteral smooth muscle and may play an important role in the intricate mechanism of human ureteral contractility and tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kyu Hong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jerde TJ, Calamon-Dixon JL, Bjorling DE, Nakada SY. Celecoxib inhibits ureteral contractility and prostanoid release. Urology 2005; 65:185-90. [PMID: 15667901 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2004.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2004] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and potency of clinically available celecoxib for inhibition of ureteral contractility and prostanoid release. We have previously reported that the selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor NS-398 inhibits ureteral contractility. METHODS We evaluated the release of prostaglandin (PG) E2, F2alpha, D2, thromboxane B2 (a thromboxane2 metabolite), and 6-keto-PGF1alpha (a prostacyclin metabolite) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry from porcine ureters in the presence and absence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a putative cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inducer. PGE2 and PGF2alpha were the prostanoids released in greatest quantity in response to TNF-alpha. We subsequently measured spontaneous contractility and prostanoid release in porcine ureters treated with 0.1, 1.0, or 10 microM concentrations of indomethacin (nonselective COX inhibitor), NS-398, celecoxib, or 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle) for 2 hours. Ureteral contractility and prostanoid release were measured every 15 minutes after the addition of the various compounds. We also treated ureters with 10 ng/mL TNF-alpha and all three COX inhibitors or dimethyl sulfoxide for 2 and 4 hours and measured the PGE2 and PGF2alpha release. RESULTS Celecoxib, indomethacin, and NS-398 inhibited ureteral contractility and prostanoid release with similar efficacy and potency. All three compounds also reduced TNF-alpha-induced prostanoid release to control levels at concentrations as low as 0.1 microM. CONCLUSIONS Our data have indicated that celecoxib and indomethacin inhibit PG release by the ureter to a similar degree, even in the presence of COX-2 induction. Animal experiments and clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of celecoxib for the treatment of symptomatic ureteral obstruction are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J Jerde
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
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NAKADA STEPHENY, JERDE TRAVISJ, BJORLING DALEE, SABAN RICARDO. IN VITRO CONTRACTILE EFFECTS OF NEUROKININ RECEPTOR BLOCKADE IN THE HUMAN URETER. J Urol 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)65826-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- STEPHEN Y. NAKADA
- From the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, and Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Medical School, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - TRAVIS J. JERDE
- From the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, and Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Medical School, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - DALE E. BJORLING
- From the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, and Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Medical School, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - RICARDO SABAN
- From the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, and Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Medical School, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Jerde TJ, Saban R, Bjorling DE, Steinberg H, Nakada SY. Distribution of neuropeptides, histamine content, and inflammatory cells in the ureter. Urology 2000; 56:173-8. [PMID: 10869661 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(00)00559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the anatomic distribution of select neuropeptides (neurokinin A [NKA], substance P [SP], and bradykinin [BK]), of inflammatory cells (leukocytes and mast cells), and the histamine content in the normal swine ureter and compare the findings with regions of increased ureteral contractility. METHODS Ureters from 10 pigs were obtained and cut into eight segments, proximally to distally. A portion of each ureteral segment was suspended in Krebs buffer (37 degrees C) and attached to force displacement transducers, and spontaneous contractility was measured for 30 minutes. A second portion was assayed for histamine, NKA, SP, and BK using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A third portion was fixed in 10% buffered formalin, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and evaluated histologically. RESULTS Ureteral contractility was found to be highest in the most proximal and most distal regions of the ureter. Similarly, SP content was three times greater in the proximal ureter and two times greater in the distal ureter than in the midureter (P <0.05, n = 10). The total NKA and BK content were also higher in the proximal and distal ureter than in the midureter. Conversely, the histamine content was consistent throughout the ureter. Moreover, no significant difference in the distribution of inflammatory cells was identified throughout the ureter. CONCLUSIONS The anatomic distribution of NKA, SP, and BK in the ureter corresponded to regions of increased spontaneous ureteral contractility, more specifically the proximal and distal ureter. Neuropeptides may play a significant role in ureteral contractility and may be a target for pharmacologic mediation during obstruction and stone passage.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Jerde
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison 53792, USA
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