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Effect of anaesthetic maintenance with isoflurane or propofol on ease of endoscopic duodenal intubation in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2023; 50:41-49. [PMID: 36334985 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2022.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the ease of endoscopic duodenal intubation (EDI) in dogs during maintenance of general anaesthesia with isoflurane or propofol infusion. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized, partially blinded clinical trial. ANIMALS A total of 22 dogs undergoing upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy to include EDI were recruited. METHODS Dogs were randomly assigned isoflurane (ISO; n = 10) or propofol (PROP; n = 11) for maintenance of general anaesthesia. Following anaesthetic premedication with intramuscular medetomidine (0.005 mg kg-1) and butorphanol (0.2 mg kg-1), general anaesthesia was induced with propofol, to effect, maintained with 1.5% (vaporizer setting) isoflurane in 100% oxygen or 0.2 mg kg-1 minute-1 propofol. The dose of both agents was adjusted to maintain general anaesthesia adequate for the procedure. Degree of sedation 20 minutes post-anaesthetic premedication, propofol induction dose, anaesthetist and endoscopist training grade, animal's response to endoscopy, presence of gastro-oesophageal and duodenal-gastric reflux, spontaneous opening of the lower oesophageal and pyloric sphincters, antral movement and time to achieve EDI were recorded. EDI was scored 1 (immediate entry with minimal manoeuvring) to 4 (no entry after 120 seconds) by the endoscopist, blinded to the agent in use. Data were tested for normality (Shapiro-Wilk test) and differences between groups analysed using independent t test, Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test as appropriate. RESULTS There were no significant differences between groups for EDI score [median (interquartile range): 2 (3) ISO, 2 (3) PROP] or time to achieve EDI [mean ± standard deviation: 52.50 ± 107.00 seconds (ISO), 70.00 ± 196.00 seconds (PROP)]. Significantly more dogs responded to passage of the endoscope into the oesophagus in group PROP compared with group ISO (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Maintenance of general anaesthesia with either isoflurane or propofol did not affect EDI score or time to achieve EDI.
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Bustamante R, Canfrán S, Gómez de Segura IA, Aguado D. Intraoperative effect of low doses of ketamine or dexmedetomidine continuous rate infusions in healthy dogs receiving propofol total intravenous anaesthesia and epidural anaesthesia: A prospective, randomised clinical study. Res Vet Sci 2021; 143:4-12. [PMID: 34953409 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effect of either ketamine or dexmedetomidine constant rate infusion (CRI) on intraoperative propofol anaesthetic requirements during total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) in healthy dogs undergoing hindlimbs orthopaedic procedures receiving epidural anaesthesia. In this randomised, blinded clinical study, thirty-nine healthy client-owned dogs were premedicated intramuscularly (dexmedetomidine 4 μg/kg and methadone 0.3 mg/kg). General anaesthesia was induced to effect with propofol administered as intravenous bolus, and maintained with propofol TIVA (18 mg/kg/h), adjusted to meet the suitable clinical anaesthetic depth (indicatively±20%) based on clinical judgement. Lumbosacral epidural anaesthesia was performed using bupivacaine (1 mg/kg) and morphine preservative free (0.1 mg/kg). Dogs randomly received either saline (SP; loading dose 1 mL/kg, CRI 1 mL/kg/h), or ketamine (KP; loading dose 1.5 mg/kg, CRI 1.5 mg/kg/h), or dexmedetomidine (DP; loading dose 1 μg/kg/, CRI 1 μg/kg/h). Physiological variables were recorded intraoperatively at 5-min intervals using standard-of-care monitoring. Recovery quality and duration were recorded. Treatment groups were compared with parametric and non-parametric tests as appropriate, p < 0.05. Propofol rates and recovery scores were similar between groups. Overall mean and diastolic blood pressures were higher in group DP compared to group KP (12-14 mmHg, p = 0.016 and p = 0.015, respectively). More dogs required mechanical ventilation in group KP (12 dogs) than in either group SP or DP (7 dogs per group, p = 0.037). Ketamine or dexmedetomidine CRIs, at the studied rates, did not reduce propofol TIVA requirements in dogs undergoing orthopaedic surgery with epidural anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Bustamante
- Anaesthesiology Service, Vetsia Veterinary Hospital, Calle Galileo 3, 28914, Leganés, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Susana Canfrán
- Anaesthesiology Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ignacio A Gómez de Segura
- Anaesthesiology Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Delia Aguado
- Anaesthesiology Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Bustamante R, Ortiz-Díez G, Canfrán S, Gómez de Segura IA, Aguado D. Attitudes of Spanish-speaking veterinarians interested in anaesthesia towards use of total intravenous anaesthesia in dogs: a survey study. Vet Anaesth Analg 2021; 48:422-431. [PMID: 33811004 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe Spanish-speaking veterinary anaesthetists' attitudes towards use of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) in dogs. STUDY DESIGN Prospective online voluntary survey. POPULATION Data from 300 answered surveys. METHODS An anonymous questionnaire was sent via e-mail to representatives of the four largest Spanish-speaking veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia associations. It was distributed through mailing lists (Spain, Argentina, Mexico) or social media (Spain, Chile) to gather information on the use, opinions and perceived advantages of TIVA, as well as on preferred alternatives to isoflurane for providing general anaesthesia. Logistic regression was used to test for response associations. RESULTS A total of 275 (92%) respondents had used TIVA (24% rarely, 36% sometimes, 40% very often or always). There was an association between a higher rate of TIVA usage and a low specialization level, less clinical experience and unavailability of anaesthetic gas scavenging systems. The main reasons for not using TIVA were lack of familiarity with the technique (92%), unavailability of infusion pumps (32%), established institutional anaesthetic protocol (32%), and technical difficulty (20%). Among frequent TIVA users, a higher proportion reported the greater ease of TIVA use (52%) compared to those that did not perceive such benefit (17%) [odds ratio (OR) = 5.2; 95% confidence interval (CI95), 1.7-16.6; p = 0.004). More respondents did not consider TIVA more expensive (60%) (OR = 2.1; CI95, 1.0-4.3; p = 0.034), more difficult to perform (59%) (OR = 2.5; CI95, 1.3-4.9; p = 0.006) or to manage the equipment (53%) (OR = 3.3; CI95, 1.4-7.8; p = 0.008), than inhalational anaesthetics. During isoflurane shortages, respondents reportedly preferred using an alternative inhalational agent (59%) rather than TIVA (47%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE TIVA use is widespread among veterinarians within the surveyed associations. Frequent TIVA users reported greater perceived advantages. In situations of isoflurane shortage, an alternative inhalational anaesthetic was preferred over TIVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Bustamante
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo Ortiz-Díez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Canfrán
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ignacio A Gómez de Segura
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Delia Aguado
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Ido C, Silva P, Silva H, Biteli E, Carneiro R, Lopes P, Gering A, Nunes N. Hemodynamic variables in piglets anesthetized with isoflurane or propofol, kept under spontaneous ventilation and FIO2 of 0.5. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate comparatively the effects of propofol or isoflurane on hemodynamic variables in piglets that received inspired oxygen fraction (FIO2) of 0.5 under spontaneous ventilation. Therefore, sixteen piglets weighing 16±1.1kg, were randomly divided into two groups: GI (Isoflurane and FIO2 of 0.5) and GP (Propofol and FIO2 of 0.5). Heart rate (HR), systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure (SAP, DAP and MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac output (CO), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and mean capillary pulmonary pressure (mCPP) were assessed 40 minutes after anesthetic induction (T0), followed by 15 minutes intervals (from T15 to T60). The variables cardiac index (CI), stroke volume (SV), stroke index (SI), total peripheral resistance (TPR), total peripheral resistance index (TPRI), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) were calculated. SAP and TPRI were significantly different between groups at T30 and T60 (P< 0.05) with higher GP values being recorded. There were no differences in the other variables, however, GP presented mean closer to normality on most of the analyzed variables. Therefore, we conclude that total intravenous anesthesia with propofol presented greater stability of the hemodynamic variables evaluated.
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Wamaitha MN, Mogoa EM, Mande JD. Evaluation of anesthesia produced by ketofol in acepromazine- or medetomidine-sedated dogs. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:215-221. [PMID: 31453194 PMCID: PMC6702874 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A randomized, blinded clinical study was conducted to evaluate ketofol (Ketamine + Propofol combination) anesthesia in 12 entire male mongrel dogs sedated with either acepromazine (ACP) or medetomidine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Group A (6) dogs were pre-medicated with ACP and Group B (6) dogs with medetomidine. Anesthesia was induced and maintained using ketofol (ketamine and propofol). Routine open pre-scrotal castration was performed. Sedation score and ease of arousal were assessed and recorded. Duration and depth of anesthesia were evaluated using apnea and the absence of palpebral and pedal reflexes, attempts to stand up, and muscle tremors and post-operative pain. Simple statistics were compared using Student t-test and Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Medetomidine-sedated dogs had higher sedation scores compared to ACP-sedated dogs. Medetomidine-ketofol produced significantly (p < 0.05) longer duration of anesthesia (24.5 ± 3.1 min) compared to ACP-ketofol (10.0 ± 4.4 min). Sixty-seven percent of dogs anesthetized with ACP-ketofol required top up with ketofol to complete the castration. However, none of the Med-ketofol anesthetized dogs required top up. Med-ketofol produced a more profound depth of anesthesia and smoother recovery from anesthesia compared to ACP-ketofol. Med-ketofol (median score 6) attained better overall post-operative analgesia compared to ACP-ketofol (median score 7), though not statistically significant (p = 0.25). Although both protocols provided adequate anesthesia for castration, top up was required to complete the operation in more than half of ACP-ketofol anesthetized dogs, making Med-ketofol a better protocol. CONCLUSION The study recommends the use of Med-ketofol anesthesia for castration in a dog, and post-operative analgesia to be administered with either protocol, but more so in ACP-ketofol anesthetized dogs undergoing castration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Njino Wamaitha
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eddy M Mogoa
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John D Mande
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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Bolaji-Alabi FB, Solanke OI, Adetunji A. Effect of oxygen supplementation on propofol anesthesia in acepromazine/tramadol premedicated dogs. Int J Vet Sci Med 2018; 6:239-242. [PMID: 30564602 PMCID: PMC6286402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in the area of injectable anesthetics in dogs requires mindfulness of ventilation, in order to supply artificial oxygen, which is often achieved with special equipment which may be unaffordable for veterinarians in developing countries. This study evaluated the effect of oxygen supplementation in dogs anesthetized with acepromazine-tramadol-propofol. Six Nigerian indigenous dogs were premedicated with intramuscular injection of acepromazine (0.03 mg/kg) and tramadol (5 mg/kg), followed by induction of anesthesia with propofol (4 mg/kg) IV 20 min later. Maintenance of anesthesia for 2 h was achieved with repeated bolus injections of propofol (2 mg/kg) at 10 min interval and anesthetized dogs breathed oxygen. This experimental trial was repeated a week later without oxygen supply as a control. Anesthetic indices, cardiopulmonary parameters, and rectal temperature were recorded at 10 min intervals for 2 h. Duration of anesthesia, duration of recumbency, time to extubation, and time to standing were not significantly (P > .05) different from their respective control values. Mean heart rate progressively decreased from the 60 min interval in both groups of anesthetized dogs. Mean arterial pressure in dogs with supplemented oxygen was similar to the control group. The mean oxygen-haemoglobin saturation was similar in both experimental trials. There was a progressive decrease in rectal temperature from the 60 min interval in both groups of anesthetized dogs. It was concluded that bolus injection of propofol, with and without supplemental oxygen, appeared to be efficacious and relatively safe in acepromazine-tramadol premedicated healthy dogs not undergoing any surgical or diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foluso B Bolaji-Alabi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oladipo I Solanke
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeniran Adetunji
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Kennedy MJ, Smith LJ. A comparison of cardiopulmonary function, recovery quality, and total dosages required for induction and total intravenous anesthesia with propofol versus a propofol-ketamine combination in healthy Beagle dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2015; 42:350-9. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Pei Z, Mao Y, Wang S, Tang X. Continuous infusion of remifentanil combined with target-controlled infusion of propofol for tracheal intubation in dogs. Vet Rec 2014; 175:119. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Pei
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (Small Animal Section); College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; 866 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 310058 PR China
| | - Y. Mao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (Small Animal Section); Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Zhejiang University; 866 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 310058 PR China
| | - S. Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (Small Animal Section); College of Animal Sciences; Zhejiang University; 866 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 310058 PR China
| | - X. Tang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (Small Animal Section); Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Zhejiang University; 866 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 310058 PR China
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Ferro Lopes PC, Nunes N, Sousa MG, Nishimori CTD, Carareto R, dos Santos PSP, Camacho AA. The effects of different inspired oxygen fractions on gas exchange and Tei‐index of myocardial performance in propofol‐anesthetized dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2013; 40:573-83. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Batista P, Nunes N, Camacho A, Borges P, Moro J, Lopes P, Burger C, Gava FN. Ventilação mandatória intermitente sincronizada versus ventilação com suporte pressórico e volume garantido em coelhos induzidos à hemorragia aguda. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352012000600022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Avaliaram-se os efeitos da ventilação mandatória intermitente sincronizada (SIMV) e da ventilação com pressão de suporte e volume garantido (VAPSV) sobre os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios em coelhos anestesiados com propofol e submetidos à hipovolemia aguda. Vinte animais da raça Nova Zelândia foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: GM sob SIMV e GV sob VAPSV. Na medicação pré-anestésica, foram administradas quetamina (15mg/kg) e xilazina (1mg/kg) intramuscular. O propofol foi administrado na indução (8mg/kg) e na manutenção anestésica (0,5mg/kg/min). Em seguida, em cada grupo foi iniciada a modalidade ventilatória. Após 30 minutos da indução, os coelhos foram submetidos à hipovolemia, retirando-se 12mL/kg de sangue arterial. A primeira mensuração das características (M0) foi efetuada 40 minutos após a indução anestésica, seguida de mensurações em intervalos de 10 minutos depois da hipovolemia (M1 a M6). A partir de M3, o débito cardíaco foi maior em GM. Em ambos os grupos, as pressões arteriais e pressão venosa central diminuíram a partir de M1, enquanto a pressão arterial de oxigênio no sangue arterial aumentou a partir de M4. O esforço respiratório foi maior no GV em todos os momentos estudados. Conclui-se que a SIMV e a VAPSV foram seguras quanto à oxigenação arterial, garantindo uma adequada troca gasosa. Contudo, a SIMV mostrou-se a mais indicada em coelhos hipovolêmicos por manter melhor a estabilidade hemodinâmica, com a vantagem de proporcionar menor trabalho respiratório.
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Mannarino R, Luna SPL, Monteiro ER, Beier SL, Castro VB. Minimum infusion rate and hemodynamic effects of propofol, propofol-lidocaine and propofol-lidocaine-ketamine in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2012; 39:160-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Padilha ST, Steagall PVM, Monteiro BP, Kahvegian MAP, Ubukata R, Rodrigues EO, Rosa AL, Aguiar AJA. A clinical comparison of remifentanil or alfentanil in propofol-anesthetized cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. J Feline Med Surg 2011; 13:738-43. [PMID: 21873092 PMCID: PMC10832767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen cats were used to compare the cardiovascular and anesthetic effects of remifentanil (REMI) or alfentanil (ALF) in propofol-anesthetized cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. After premedication with acepromazine, anesthesia was induced and maintained with a constant rate infusion of propofol (0.3 mg/kg/min). REMI or ALF infusions were administered simultaneously with propofol. Heart rate (HR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), pulse oximetry (SpO(2)), rectal temperature (RT), and response to surgical stimulation were recorded at predefined time points during anesthesia. Data [mean±standard deviation (SD)] were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures followed by a Dunnett's test and Student t-test (P<0.05). SAP was significantly lower in ALF group than in REMI group. Extubation time was significantly shorter in REMI than in ALF group. Overall infusion rate of REMI and ALF was 0.24±0.05 μg/kg/min and 0.97±0.22 μg/kg/min, respectively. The combination of propofol and REMI or ALF provided satisfactory anesthesia in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta T Padilha
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
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Gimenes AM, de Araujo Aguiar AJ, Perri SHV, de Paula Nogueira G. Effect of intravenous propofol and remifentanil on heart rate, blood pressure and nociceptive response in acepromazine premedicated dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2011; 38:54-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2010.00579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Correa MDA, Aguiar AJDA, Neto FJT, Mendes GDM, Steagall PVM, Lima AFDM. Effects of remifentanil infusion regimens on cardiovascular function and responses to noxious stimulation in propofol-anesthetized cats. Am J Vet Res 2007; 68:932-40. [PMID: 17764406 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.68.9.932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of 2 remifentanil infusion regimens on cardiovascular function and responses to nociceptive stimulation in propofol-anesthetized cats. ANIMALS 8 adult cats. PROCEDURES On 2 occasions, cats received acepromazine followed by propofol (6 mg/kg then 0.3 mg/kg/min, i.v.) and a constant rate infusion (CRI) of remifentanil (0.2 or 0.3 microg/kg/ min, i.v.) for 90 minutes and underwent mechanical ventilation (phase I). After recording physiologic variables, an electrical stimulus (50 V; 50 Hz; 10 milliseconds) was applied to a forelimb to assess motor responses to nociceptive stimulation. After an interval (> or = 10 days), the same cats were anesthetized via administration of acepromazine and a similar infusion regimen of propofol; the remifentanil infusion rate adjustments that were required to inhibit cardiovascular responses to ovariohysterectomy were recorded (phase II). RESULTS In phase I, heart rate and arterial pressure did not differ between remifentanil-treated groups. From 30 to 90 minutes, cats receiving 0.3 microg of remifentanil/kg/min had no response to noxious stimulation. Purposeful movement was detected more frequently in cats receiving 0.2 microg of remifentanil/kg/min. In phase II, the highest dosage (mean +/- SEM) of remifentanil that prevented cardiovascular responses was 0.23 +/- 0.01 microg/kg/min. For all experiments, mean time from infusion cessation until standing ranged from 115 to 140 minutes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although the lower infusion rate of remifentanil allowed ovariohysterectomy to be performed, a CRI of 0.3 microg/kg/min was necessary to prevent motor response to electrical stimulation in propofol-anesthetized cats. Recovery from anesthesia was prolonged with this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana do A Correa
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, CEP 18618-000
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Almeida TF, Fantoni DT, Mastrocinque S, Tatarunas AC, Imagawa VH. Epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine, bupivacaine and fentanyl, or bupivacaine and sufentanil during intravenous administration of propofol for ovariohysterectomy in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007; 230:45-51. [PMID: 17199491 DOI: 10.2460/javma.230.1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare cardiovascular and systemic effects and analgesia during the postoperative period of epidural anesthesia performed with bupivacaine alone or with fentanyl or sufentanil in bitches maintained at a light plane of anesthesia with continuous infusion of propofol. STUDY DESIGN Prospective randomized masked clinical trial. ANIMALS 30 female dogs of various breeds. PROCEDURES Dogs were allocated into 3 groups of 10 each. One group received fentanyl (2 microg/kg [0.91 microg/lb]) and bupivacaine (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb]), 1 group received sufentanil (1 microg/kg) and bupivacaine (1 mg/kg), and 1 group received bupivacaine (1 mg/kg). All dogs received acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb]) and continuous infusion of propofol for sedation. The agents were administered into the lumbosacral space and diluted in saline (0.9% NaCl) solution to a total volume of 0.36 mL/kg (0.164 mL/lb). Cardiac and respiratory rates, arterial blood pressures, pH, and blood gases were evaluated. Analgesia, sedation level, serum cortisol concentrations, and plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured regularly for 6 hours. RESULTS No important changes in cardiovascular, respiratory, or sedation variables were observed. Degree of analgesia in the postoperative period was higher in the sufentanil group, although use of fentanyl and bupivacaine also resulted in a sufficient level of analgesia. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Use of the 3 anesthetic techniques permitted ovariohysterectomy with sufficient analgesia and acceptable neuroendocrine modulation of pain with minimal adverse effects.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage
- Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects
- Anesthesia, Epidural/adverse effects
- Anesthesia, Epidural/methods
- Anesthesia, Epidural/veterinary
- Anesthetics, Combined/administration & dosage
- Anesthetics, Combined/adverse effects
- Animals
- Blood Gas Analysis/veterinary
- Bupivacaine/administration & dosage
- Bupivacaine/adverse effects
- Dogs/physiology
- Dogs/surgery
- Female
- Fentanyl/administration & dosage
- Fentanyl/adverse effects
- Heart Rate/drug effects
- Hysterectomy/methods
- Hysterectomy/veterinary
- Infusions, Intravenous/veterinary
- Ovariectomy/methods
- Ovariectomy/veterinary
- Pain, Postoperative/epidemiology
- Pain, Postoperative/veterinary
- Propofol/administration & dosage
- Propofol/adverse effects
- Prospective Studies
- Respiration/drug effects
- Sufentanil/administration & dosage
- Sufentanil/adverse effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana F Almeida
- Surgery Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnic, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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