Matsumaru D, Haraguchi R, Miyagawa S, Motoyama J, Nakagata N, Meijlink F, Yamada G. Genetic analysis of Hedgehog signaling in ventral body wall development and the onset of omphalocele formation.
PLoS One 2011;
6:e16260. [PMID:
21283718 PMCID:
PMC3024424 DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0016260]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
An omphalocele is one of the major ventral body wall malformations and
is characterized by abnormally herniated viscera from the body trunk. It has
been frequently found to be associated with other structural malformations,
such as genitourinary malformations and digit abnormalities. In spite of its
clinical importance, the etiology of omphalocele formation is still controversial.
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is one of the essential growth factor signaling pathways
involved in the formation of the limbs and urogenital system. However, the
relationship between Hh signaling and ventral body wall formation remains
unclear.
Methodology/Principal Findings
To gain insight into the roles of Hh signaling in ventral body wall formation
and its malformation, we analyzed phenotypes of mouse mutants of Sonic
hedgehog (Shh), GLI-Kruppel family member
3 (Gli3) and Aristaless-like homeobox 4
(Alx4). Introduction of additional Alx4Lst
mutations into the Gli3Xt/Xt background resulted
in various degrees of severe omphalocele and pubic diastasis. In addition,
loss of a single Shh allele restored the omphalocele and
pubic symphysis of Gli3Xt/+; Alx4Lst/Lst
embryos. We also observed ectopic Hh activity in the ventral body wall region
of Gli3Xt/Xt embryos. Moreover, tamoxifen-inducible
gain-of-function experiments to induce ectopic Hh signaling revealed Hh signal
dose-dependent formation of omphaloceles.
Conclusions/Significance
We suggest that one of the possible causes of omphalocele and pubic diastasis
is ectopically-induced Hh signaling. To our knowledge, this would be the first
demonstration of the involvement of Hh signaling in ventral body wall malformation
and the genetic rescue of omphalocele phenotypes.
Collapse