Autosomal recessive type of Adams-Oliver syndrome: prenatal diagnosis

Severe Adams-Oliver Syndrome after Maternal COVID-19 Infection Could Be Another Effect of the SARS-CoV-2 Inflammatory Storm? Case Report

Background. Adams-Oliver syndrome is a congenital disease whose main findings are aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp and terminal transverse limb defects. The pathogenesis is unknown, but it is postulated that ischemic events in susceptible tissues cause the lesions in the embryonic period.Case report. We present a newborn with a severe phenotype of Adams-Oliver syndrome. The infant's mother had a SARS-CoV-2 infection in the first trimester of pregnancy. Prenatal ultrasound indicates a probable worsening of the disease after the first trimester.Conclusion. This study shows a previously unpublished severe AOS phenotype in a term newborn. There are some signs that the disease could have progressed beyond the first trimester, either spontaneously or by the inflammatory mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2.

A Case of Adams-Oliver Syndrome

Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS) is a rare congenital disorder with unknown etiology commonly presented with aplasia cutis and terminal limb defects. Central nervous and cardiopulmonary systems may also be affected. It is commonly inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder but autosomal recessive and sporadic cases have also been reported. Here, we present a 10-year-old boy with extensive aplasia cutis congenita and limb anomalies as well as mild pachygyria and focal acrania in neuroimaging. No other internal organ involvement was obvious in this patient. Family history was negative for this syndrome. AOS is a multisystem disorder, and so it is crucial to investigate for internal organ involvements.

Adams-Oliver Syndrome. A case with isolated aplasia cutis congenita and skeletal defects

BACKGROUND

Adams-Oliver Syndrome is characterized by the combination of aplasia cutis congenita and limb anomalies. It was initially described in 1945 by Adams and Oliver.

MAIN OBSERVATIONS

We report a case of a 10-year-old girl with Adams-Oliver Syndrome with aplasia cutis congenita and limb defects only with no internal organ anomalies.

CONCLUSIONS

Adams-Oliver Syndrome is a rare multisystem disorder of unknown etiology. It may be presented by isolated aplasia cutis congenita and limb anomalies.

Adams-Oliver syndrome: Case report

Introduction. Adams-Oliver syndrome is characterized by congenital aplasia of the vertex skin of the skull in combination with skull and transverse limb defects. Case Outline. We presented a 5-month old female infant with Adams-Oliver syndrome manifested as cutis marmorata, dilated scalp veins and limb reduction defects. Clinical manifestation also included thumb hypoplasia and extreme hypoplasia of other fingers, with agenesis of all toes on both feet. Echocardiogram revealed foramen ovale apertum. Venography showed dilated malformed scalp and neck veins, predominantly on the right side. On the basis of the clinical features and extended investigation we confirmed Adams-Oliver syndrome in the presented patient. Conclusion. We recommended prenatal diagnosis in case of future pregnancies, ultrasound examination, and follow-up of foetal anomalies.

A case of adams-oliver syndrome

Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS) is a congenital condition characterized by aplasia cutis congenita, transverse limb defects, and cutis marmorata telangiectatica. AOS can also be associated with extensive lethal anomalies of internal organs, including the central nervous, cardiopulmonary, gastrourointestinal, and genitourinary systems. Generally, the more severe these interrelated anomalies are, the poorer the prognosis becomes. In the relevant literature on this topic, it is somewhat unclear as to whether the prognosis of AOS without lethal anomalies alters the lifespan. We report a case of AOS with typical skin defects only, and no internal organ anomalies.

The spectra of clinical phenotypes in aplasia cutis congenita and terminal transverse limb defects

The combination of aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) and terminal transverse limb defects (TTLD) is often referred to as the eponymous Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS). The molecular basis of this disorder remains unknown, although the common occurrence of cardiac and vascular anomalies suggests a primary defect of vasculogenesis. Through the description of three previously unreported affected individuals, ascertained through the Adams-Oliver Syndrome European Consortium, we illustrate the phenotypic variability characteristically observed within extended families with AOS. Taken in combination with a detailed review of the available literature, we provide evidence for distinct clinical entities within the ACC/TTLD spectrum, which may reflect genetic heterogeneity within this spectrum of disorders.

Aplasia cutis congenita, terminal limb defects and periventricular leukomalacia in one sibling with minor findings in the other-probable autosomal recessive Adams-Oliver Syndrome

We report on siblings with probable Adams-Oliver syndrome. The older brother had symmetric intra-uterine growth retardation, plagiocephaly, a cardiac defect and periventricular calcification. The younger sister was born with abdominal and scalp skin defects and small fingers and toes. Prenatal cranial imaging in the younger sibling suggested possible bilateral closed lip schizencephaly and neuronal migrational defect. These siblings are thought to have Adams-Oliver syndrome with the older sibling's features at the milder end of the spectrum while the younger sibling is more severely affected. Several case reports have been published discussing the clinical variability and the possibility of autosomal recessive inheritance. Recently reports suggest an increased frequency of seizures and central nervous system involvement in autosomal recessive Adams-Oliver syndrome. We report affected siblings born to healthy non-consanguineous parents and review previously published similar sibships and case reports in relation to the clinical features.

Adams-Oliver syndrome: further evidence of an autosomal recessive variant

Adams-Oliver syndrome is characterized by aplasia cutis congenita and variable degrees of terminal transverse limb defects. Other associated anomalies were described in the syndrome. Most described cases follow an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Sporadic and autosomal recessive cases, however, were reported. In this study, we report on three Egyptian patients with Adams-Oliver syndrome from three different families. The parents were normal and consanguineous in all three families. There was history of similarly affected sibs for two cases. These findings denote autosomal recessive inheritance. The reported cases had typical skull and limb anomalies with cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita. We observed additional rare manifestations in the form of microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, epilepsy, eye anomalies and atrophic skin lesions. MRI of the brain in one of the studied cases revealed retrocerebellar cyst and mild asymmetrical cerebellar hypoplasia, which to our knowledge, were not previously reported in Adams-Oliver syndrome. The results of this study provide further evidence of clinical and genetic heterogeneity and support the presence of autosomal recessive variant of Adams-Oliver syndrome.

Adams-Oliver syndrome: clinical description of a four-generation family and exclusion of five candidate genes

We present a Belgian Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS) family with 10 affected individuals over four generations, of which six were available for this study. Clinical symptoms observed in these patients were very variable as previously reported in other families and included large areas of alopecia on the vertex of the skull and serious limb reduction defects with agenesis of all toes of one foot. To identify the disease-causing gene, we sequenced the MSX1, CART1, P63 (P73L), RUNX2, and HOXD13 genes in this family and nine previously reported families, but no disease-causing mutations were found. Further investigation is ongoing in these families in order to identify the genetic cause of AOS.