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Wilantari RN, Latifah S, Wibowo W, Al Azies H. Additive mixed modeling of impact of investment, labor, education and information technology on regional income disparity: An empirical analysis using the statistics Indonesia dataset. Data Brief 2022; 45:108619. [PMID: 36426087 PMCID: PMC9679461 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The data that is the subject of the case study in this article is secondary data in the form of panel data. Data from the Statistics Indonesia database and Central Bureau of Statistics database of each province on Java Island (DKI Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, DI. Yogyakarta, East Java, and Banten). This panel dataset consists of five research variables, namely a response variable which is the value of the income disparity index for each province in Java using the Williamson index calculation standard, and four predictor variables namely investment (GFCF), labor, the ICT Index, and education index of six provinces of Java Island, Indonesia during the period 2010 -2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Niken Wilantari
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economic and Business, University of Jember, 68121 Jember, Indonesia
| | - Syafira Latifah
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economic and Business, University of Jember, 68121 Jember, Indonesia
| | - Wahyu Wibowo
- Department of Business Statistics, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, 60111 Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Harun Al Azies
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, 60111 Surabaya, Indonesia
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Negligible Response of Transpiration to Late-Summer Nitrogen Fertilization in Japanese Oak (Quercus crispula). NITROGEN 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/nitrogen3010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, caused by anthropogenic activities, has various effects on forest ecosystems. Some reports have investigated the responses in tree transpiration to N addition, but few studies have measured the short-term response of mature tree transpiration to N fertilization. This study aimed to clarify the short-term transpiration response in 27-year-old deciduous hardwood trees to an increase in N availability. We established two plot types (control and N-fertilized plots) in Quercus crispula plantation stands in Hokkaido, Northern Japan. We measured sap flow density (SFD; cm3 m−2 s−1) using a thermal dissipation method for three months during the growing season. In the N-fertilized plot, we added 50 kg N ha−1 yr−1 of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) to the forest floor in the middle of the measurement periods. For daily mean SFD, we did not find a significant difference between the control and the N-fertilized plots. Leaf N contents did not differ between treatments, implying a negligible difference in physiological responses and transpiration rates. The slight difference between treatments could be because the trees had already foliated before applying the N fertilizer to our deciduous hardwood trees. The present results indicate that the potential increase in N deposition during the growing season does not immediately alter tree transpiration.
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Yu H, Chen Z, Shang H, Cao J. Physiological and biochemical responses of Machilus ichangensis Rehd. et Wils and Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd. to elevated O 3 in subtropical China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:17418-17427. [PMID: 28593538 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Considerable researches have documented the negative effects of ozone on woody species in North America and Europe; however, little is known about how woody tree species respond to elevated O3 in subtropical China, and most of the previous studies were conducted using pot experiment. In the present study, Machilus ichangensis Rehd. et Wils (M. ichangensis) and Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd. (T. chinensis), evergreen tree species in subtropical China, were exposed to non-filtered air (NF), 100 nmol mol-1 O3 (E1) and 150 nmol mol-1 O3 (E2), in open-top chambers under field conditions from 21st March to 2nd November 2015. In this study, O3 fumigation significantly reduced net photosynthesis rate (Pn) in M. ichangensis in the three measurements and in T. chinensis in the last measurement. Also, non-stomatal factors should be primarily responsible for the decreased Pn. O3 fumigation-induced increase in malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and reduced ascorbic acid levels indicated that antioxidant defense mechanism had been stimulated to prevent O3 stress and repair the oxidative damage. Yet, the increase of antioxidant ability was not enough to counteract the harm of O3 fumigation. Because of the decrease in CO2 assimilation, the growth of the two tree species was restrained ultimately. The sensitivity of the two tree species to O3 can be determined: M. ichangensis > T. chinensis. It suggests a close link between the rising O3 concentrations and the health risk of some tree species in subtropics in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zhan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - He Shang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Jixin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
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Zheng S, Yang L, Härdle WK. A Smooth Simultaneous Confidence Corridor for the Mean of Sparse Functional Data. J Am Stat Assoc 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2013.866899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Díaz-de-Quijano M, Schaub M, Bassin S, Volk M, Peñuelas J. Ozone visible symptoms and reduced root biomass in the subalpine species Pinus uncinata after two years of free-air ozone fumigation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 169:250-257. [PMID: 22410242 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of ozone often exceed the thresholds of forest protection in the Pyrenees, but the effect of ozone on Pinus uncinata, the dominant species in subalpine forests in this mountainous range, has not yet been studied. We conducted an experiment of free-air ozone fumigation with saplings of P. uncinata fumigated with ambient O(3) (AOT40 May-Oct: 9.2 ppm h), 1.5 × O(3amb) (AOT40 May-Oct: 19.2 ppm h), and 1.8 × O(3amb) (AOT40 May-Oct: 32.5 ppm h) during two growing seasons. We measured chlorophyll content and fluorescence, visible injury, gas exchange, and above- and below-ground biomass. Increased exposures to ozone led to a higher occurrence and intensity of visible injury from O(3) and a 24-29% reduction of root biomass, which may render trees more susceptible to other stresses such as drought. P. uncinata is thus a species sensitive to O(3), concentrations of which in the Pyrenees are already likely affecting this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Díaz-de-Quijano
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC, CREAF (Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications), Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
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Gardner SDL, Freer-Smith PH, Tucker J, Taylor G. Elevated CO 2 protects poplar (Populus trichocarpa × P. deltoides) from damage induced by O 3: identification of mechanisms. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2005; 32:221-235. [PMID: 32689126 DOI: 10.1071/fp04131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2004] [Accepted: 01/13/2005] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CO2 concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere will rise to between 550 and 700 μL L-1 by 2100 (IPCC 2001). In much of the world, ozone (O3) is the air pollutant most likely to be having adverse effects on the growth of plants. Here we describe the impacts of CO2 and O3 episodes (rising to 100 nL L-1), singly and in mixtures on the growth and physiology of an interamerican hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa L. (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) × P. deltoids Bartr. ex Marsh). 700 μL L-1 CO2 increased all growth variables relative to values in 350 μL L-1. Mainstem dry weight showed a 38% increase in year 1 and a 32% increase in year 2. Ozone episodes reduced mainstem dry mass by 45% in 350 μL L-1 CO2 and by 34% in 700 μL L-1 CO2. A / Ci analysis showed limited effects on photosynthetic efficiency of 700 μL L-1 CO2 but in contrast, Vcmax was reduced by O3 episodes. CO2 tended to increase leaf expansion but O3 episodes reduced expansion rates generally although a short period of increased leaf expansion in response to O3 was also observed. O3 reduced leaf solute potentials (Ψs) and increased turgor (P) in young leaves. Cell wall properties (elasticity and plasticity) were both stimulated by ozone and this was associated with increased leaf expansion. A new mechanism is proposed which suggests that O3 may act directly on the cell wall, attacking polysaccharides in the wall that result in altered cell wall properties and leaf growth. O3 episodes increased leaf loss, elevated CO2 delayed abscission and O3 was less effective at accelerating leaf loss in elevated CO2. Overall CO2 increased growth, O3 caused decreases and the treatment combination gave intermediate effects. Thus O3 episodes are less likely to be detrimental to P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides in the CO2 concentrations of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D L Gardner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Peter H Freer-Smith
- Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Wrecclesham, FARNHAM, Surrey, GU10 4LH, UK
| | - J Tucker
- School of Biological Sciences, Bassett Crescent East, University of Southampton, SO16 7PX, UK.Corresponding author. Email
| | - Gail Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, Bassett Crescent East, University of Southampton, SO16 7PX, UK.Corresponding author. Email
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Wallin G, Karlsson PE, Selldén G, Ottosson S, Medin EL, Pleijel H, Skärby L. Impact of four years exposure to different levels of ozone, phosphorus and drought on chlorophyll, mineral nutrients, and stem volume of Norway spruce, Picea abies. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2002; 114:192-206. [PMID: 11903966 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1140205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Saplings of one clone of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst, were planted in 120 l pots in 1991 and exposed to three levels of ozone, two levels of phosphorus and two levels of water supply in 42 open-top chambers (OTCs), during 1992-1996. The effects of pots and OTCs were also tested. Nutrient concentrations of the needles were not affected by ozone, while the low phosphorus supply (LP) and drought stress (D) treatments had significant effects on several mineral nutrients, e.g. phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, manganese, sulphur and boron. Ozone reduced the chlorophyll concentration in the 2- and 3-year-old needles in 1994 and 1995. The highest ozone concentration reduced the stem volumes (- 8%), as well as the stem lengths (- 5%), of the saplings in 1993 and 1994, after two and three years of exposure. After the fourth growing season this ozone-induced reduction in stem volume disappeared which might be caused by pot limitation. LP supply and D both caused large decreases in the stem volume and length. The needles from LP treatment had as high P concentration as 1.2-1.5 mg g-1, implying a need for increasing the critical value for phosphorus. The OTC enclosure stimulated the stem volume growth significantly compared to saplings growing in ambient plots. This was suggested to be attributed to the slightly higher temperature in the OTCs. The overall result is that ozone in southern Sweden is likely to have negative effects on Norway spruce trees, although much less than other environmental factors, e.g. water and phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran Wallin
- Department of Plant Physiology, Botanical Institute, Göteborg University, Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden Swedish Enivironmental Research Institute, Box 47086, SE-402, 58 Göteborg, Sweden Department of Applied Environmental Science, Göteborg University, Box 464, SE-405, 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Karlsson PE, Medin EL, Selldén G, Wallin G, Ottosson S, Pleijel H, Skärby L. Impact of ozone and reduced water supply on the biomass accumulation of Norway spruce saplings. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2002; 119:237-244. [PMID: 12152830 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(01)00330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Norway spruce saplings [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] were exposed during four growing seasons to two different ozone treatments in open-top chambers: charcoal filtered air (CF), and non-filtered air with extra ozone (NF+, 1.4xambient concentrations). Within each ozone treatment the saplings were either kept well watered or treated with a 7-8 week period with reduced water supply each growing season. The total biomass of the trees was measured in April and September during each of the last three growing seasons. NF+ significantly reduced the total biomass accumulation of Norway spruce saplings during the fourth growing season. No interaction between ozone and reduced water supply could be detected. The magnitude of the ozone impact after 4 years of exposure was an 8% reduction of the total plant biomass and a 1.5% reduction of the RGR. The reduced water supply reduced the total biomass 29% and the RGR 12%.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Karlsson
- Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Göteborg.
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Grünhage L, Krause GH, Köllner B, Bender J, Weigel HJ, Jäger HJ, Guderian R. A new flux-orientated concept to derive critical levels for ozone to protect vegetation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2001; 111:355-362. [PMID: 11202739 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(00)00181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The current European critical levels for ozone (O3) to protect crops, natural and semi-natural vegetation and forest trees are based on a relative small number of open-top chamber experiments with a very limited number of plant species. Therefore, the working group "Effects of Ozone on Plants" of the Commission on Air Pollution Prevention of the Association of German Engineers and the German Institute of Standardization reanalysed the literature on O3 effects on European plant species published between 1989 and 1999. An exposure-response relationship for wild plant species and agricultural crops could be derived from 30 experiments with more than 30 species and 90 data points; the relationship for conifer and deciduous trees is based on 20 experiments with nine species and 50 data points. From these relationships maximum O3 concentrations for different risk stages are deduced, below which the vegetation type is protected on the basis of the respective criteria. Because it is assumed that the fumigation concentrations reflect the O3 concentrations at the top of the canopy, i.e. the upper surface boundary of the quasi-laminar layer if the micrometeorological big-leaf approach is applied, the application of these maximum O3 concentrations requires the transformation of O3 concentrations measured at a reference height above the canopy to the effective phytotoxic concentrations at the top of the canopy. Thus, the approach described in this paper is a synthesis of the classical concept of toxicology of air pollutants (critical concentrations) and the more toxicological relevant dose concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Grünhage
- Institute for Plant Ecology, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Utriainen J, Holopainen T. Impact of increased springtime O3 exposure on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings in central Finland. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2000; 109:479-487. [PMID: 15092881 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(00)00051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/1999] [Accepted: 01/05/2000] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Three-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings were exposed to ambient or elevated ozone (O(3)) concentrations in open-air exposure fields in central Finland in 1995-97. Three different treatments were applied in 1996 and 1997: ambient air, elevated O(3) (1.3-1.5xambient) during the growing season (June-September) and elevated O(3) in March-September, i.e. the growing season including the springtime O(3) exposure. The ambient mean O(3) concentrations were 40% higher in springtime (March-May) compared to the concentrations during the growing seasons. Maximum O(3) concentrations were measured in April or early May, whereas a clear increase in the stomatal activity of the seedlings was observed by the middle of May. This suggests a low intake of O(3) by conifers despite the higher O(3) concentrations in spring. Stomatal conductance, and contents of chlorophyll and ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) in current-year needles were not significantly affected by any O(3) treatment. Only a slight decrease in current-year shoot growth, slight increase in the abscission of 2-year-old needles and increased electron density of chloroplast stroma by springtime O(3) exposure suggest a rather small contribution of elevated springtime O(3) concentrations to total O(3) damage under current climatic conditions in Finland. However, the increases in springtime O(3) concentrations may enhance the cumulative effects of O(3) during long-term O(3) exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Utriainen
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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