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Kwatcho Kengdo S, Peršoh D, Schindlbacher A, Heinzle J, Tian Y, Wanek W, Borken W. Long-term soil warming alters fine root dynamics and morphology, and their ectomycorrhizal fungal community in a temperate forest soil. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:3441-3458. [PMID: 35253326 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming is predicted to affect temperate forests severely, but the response of fine roots, key to plant nutrition, water uptake, soil carbon, and nutrient cycling is unclear. Understanding how fine roots will respond to increasing temperature is a prerequisite for predicting the functioning of forests in a warmer climate. We studied the response of fine roots and their ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal and root-associated bacterial communities to soil warming by 4°C in a mixed spruce-beech forest in the Austrian Limestone Alps after 8 and 14 years of soil warming, respectively. Fine root biomass (FRB) and fine root production were 17% and 128% higher in the warmed plots, respectively, after 14 years. The increase in FRB (13%) was not significant after 8 years of treatment, whereas specific root length, specific root area, and root tip density were significantly higher in warmed plots at both sampling occasions. Soil warming did not affect EcM exploration types and diversity, but changed their community composition, with an increase in the relative abundance of Cenoccocum at 0-10 cm soil depth, a drought-stress-tolerant genus, and an increase in short- and long-distance exploration types like Sebacina and Boletus at 10-20 cm soil depth. Warming increased the root-associated bacterial diversity but did not affect their community composition. Soil warming did not affect nutrient concentrations of fine roots, though we found indications of limited soil phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) availability. Our findings suggest that, in the studied ecosystem, global warming could persistently increase soil carbon inputs due to accelerated fine root growth and turnover, and could simultaneously alter fine root morphology and EcM fungal community composition toward improved nutrient foraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Kwatcho Kengdo
- Department of Soil Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BAYCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Derek Peršoh
- Department of Geobotany, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Schindlbacher
- Department of Forest Ecology and Soil, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape-BFW, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Heinzle
- Department of Forest Ecology and Soil, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape-BFW, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ye Tian
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Borken
- Department of Soil Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BAYCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Communities of Mycorrhizal Fungi among Seedlings of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Growing on a Clearcut in Microsites Generated by Different Site-Preparation Methods. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In European forests, the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) most often regenerates on clearcuts, following mechanical site preparation. Both of these silvicultural treatments (the removal of trees and preparation) have an impact on soil properties, and on the mycorrhizal fungi associated with the roots of seedlings. We therefore compared assemblages of mycorrhizal fungi associating with natural-regeneration pine seedlings growing on a clearcut, in relation to six types of microsite created using three mechanical site-preparation tools, i.e., a double-mouldboard forest plough (creating furrow and ridge), an active single-disc plough (establishing another type of furrow and ridge), and a forest mill—developing strips, as well as a non-mechanical site preparation control. A total of 46 taxa of mycorrhizal fungi were detected, with Wilcoxina mikolae being the most abundant species (relative abundance—79.8%), and the one occurring most frequently (96.8%). Other abundant mycorrhizal fungi were Thelephora terrestris (3.8%), Tylospora asterophora (3.2%), Hyaloscypha bicolor (2.2%), and Cenococcum geophilum (1.7%). The roots of seedlings growing in the non-mechanical site preparation control were characterised by a significantly greater presence of mycorrhizal root tips, compared with the roots of seedlings growing at other microsites. The highest percentage of non-mycorrhizal root tips was present on pines growing on the two types of ridge: the microsites which characterized the highest levels of mineral nutrients. Communities of mycorrhizal fungi differed between microsites. The five microsites: both types of furrow, forest plough ridge, forest mill strip, and non-mechanical site preparation control, were not found to differ from each other, but did differ from the active plough ridge treatment. The highest diversity of mycorrhizal fungi (Shannon–Wiener and Simpson indexes) was in the non-mechanical site preparation control. Any method of mechanical site preparation in the clearcut decreases the level of root mycorrhization and the biodiversity of mycorrhizal fungi. The least suitable method from the point of view of mycorrhizal fungal communities is the use of an active plough.
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Effect of Deadwood on Ectomycorrhizal Colonisation of Old-Growth Oak Forests. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10060480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the importance of coarse woody debris (CWD) for species diversity is recognized, the effects of coarse woody debris decay class on species composition have received little attention. We examined how the species composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) changes with CWD decay. We describe ectomycorrhizal root tips and the diversity of mycorrhizal fungal species at three English oak (Quercus robur L.) sites. DNA barcoding revealed a total of 17 ECM fungal species. The highest degree of mycorrhizal colonization was found in CWDadvanced (27.2%) and CWDearly (27.1%). Based on exploration types, ectomycorrhizae were classified with respect to ecologically relevant soil features. The short distance type was significantly correlated with soil P2O5, while the contact type was correlated with soil C/N. The lowest mean content of soil Corg was found in the CWDabsent site. The difference in total soil N between sites decreased with increasing CWD decomposition, whereas total C/N increased correspondingly. In this study we confirmed that soil CWD stimulates ectomycorrhizal fungi, representing contact or short-distance exploration types of mycelium.
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Avis PG, Charvat I. The response of ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculum to long-term increases in nitrogen supply. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2006.11832808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter G. Avis
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 1445 Gortner Avenue, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, and Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lakeshore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605
| | - Iris Charvat
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 1445 Gortner Avenue, St Paul, Minnesota 55108
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Ben Hassine Ben Ali M, Aschi-Smiti S. Mycocoenologic study of the macrofungi on the forest of Jbel elbir (Aïn Draham, Jendouba, Tunisia). Afr J Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Ben Hassine Ben Ali
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; 01/UR/09-02 UR D'écologie Végétale Tunis 2092 Tunisia
| | - Samira Aschi-Smiti
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; 01/UR/09-02 UR D'écologie Végétale Tunis 2092 Tunisia
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Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of Quercus liaotungensis along local slopes in the temperate oak forests on the Loess Plateau, China. Ecol Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-012-1017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Soil factors influencing ectomycorrhizal sporome distribution in neotropical forests dominated by Pinus montezumae, Mexico. MYCOSCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10267-011-0136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Nouhra ER, Urcelay C, Longo MS, Fontenla S. Differential hypogeous sporocarp production from Nothofagus dombeyi and N. pumilio forests in southern Argentina. Mycologia 2011; 104:45-52. [PMID: 21914828 DOI: 10.3852/11-098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal fungi that form hypogeous sporocarps are an important component of the temperate forest soil community. In many regions, such as the Nothofagus forest in the Patagonian Andes, this group of fungi has been poorly studied. Here we examined the spring and autumn community composition of "sequestrate fungi", based on sporocarp production in pure forests of Nothofagus dombeyi (evergreen) and N. pumilio (deciduous). We investigated the possible relationships between these communities and environmental factors over 2 y. The rarefaction curves and the minimal richness estimates converged at nearly the same level for each forest type, and the asymptotes suggested that the sampling effort was sufficient to capture most of the hypogeous sporocarp richness in these forest stands. In total 27 species were recovered. Basidiomycota, Ascomycota and Glomeromycota respectively accounted for nine, two and one genera. Species richness of hypogeous sporocarps varied in relation to forest type but not to season (fall and spring), whereas sporocarp biomass varied according to an interaction between season and forest type. Species richness and sporocarp biomass were positively correlated with rainfall and negatively correlated with altitude. In addition sporocarp species richness was positively related to number of trees per transect. We found that two different forest stands, each dominated by different species of Nothofagus, exhibited different hypogeous sporocarp communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo R Nouhra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Karpati AS, Handel SN, Dighton J, Horton TR. Quercus rubra-associated ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of disturbed urban sites and mature forests. MYCORRHIZA 2011; 21:537-547. [PMID: 21287207 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-011-0362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The presence and quality of the belowground mycorrhizal fungal community could greatly influence plant community structure and host species response. This study tests whether mycorrhizal fungal communities in areas highly impacted by anthropogenic disturbance and urbanization are less species rich or exhibit lower host root colonization rates when compared to those of less disturbed systems. Using a soil bioassay, we sampled the ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) communities associating with Quercus rubra (northern red oak) seedlings in soil collected from seven sites: two mature forest reference sites and five urban sites of varying levels of disturbance. Morphological and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of fungi colonizing root tips revealed that colonization rates and fungal species richness were significantly lower on root systems of seedlings grown in disturbed site soils. Analysis of similarity showed that EMF community composition was not significantly different among several urban site soils but did differ significantly between mature forest sites and all but one urban site. We identified a suite of fungal species that occurred across several urban sites. Lack of a diverse community of belowground mutualists could be a constraint on urban plant community development, especially of late-successional woodlands. Analysis of urban EMF communities can add to our understanding of urban plant community structure and should be addressed during ecological assessment before pragmatic decisions to restore habitats are framed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Karpati
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Steven N Handel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - John Dighton
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Thomas R Horton
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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Conservation of ectomycorrhizal fungi: exploring the linkages between functional and taxonomic responses to anthropogenic N deposition. FUNGAL ECOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Cox F, Barsoum N, Lilleskov EA, Bidartondo MI. Nitrogen availability is a primary determinant of conifer mycorrhizas across complex environmental gradients. Ecol Lett 2010; 13:1103-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Bobbink R, Hicks K, Galloway J, Spranger T, Alkemade R, Ashmore M, Bustamante M, Cinderby S, Davidson E, Dentener F, Emmett B, Erisman JW, Fenn M, Gilliam F, Nordin A, Pardo L, De Vries W. Global assessment of nitrogen deposition effects on terrestrial plant diversity: a synthesis. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2010; 20:30-59. [PMID: 20349829 DOI: 10.1890/08-1140.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 915] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is a recognized threat to plant diversity in temperate and northern parts of Europe and North America. This paper assesses evidence from field experiments for N deposition effects and thresholds for terrestrial plant diversity protection across a latitudinal range of main categories of ecosystems, from arctic and boreal systems to tropical forests. Current thinking on the mechanisms of N deposition effects on plant diversity, the global distribution of G200 ecoregions, and current and future (2030) estimates of atmospheric N-deposition rates are then used to identify the risks to plant diversity in all major ecosystem types now and in the future. This synthesis paper clearly shows that N accumulation is the main driver of changes to species composition across the whole range of different ecosystem types by driving the competitive interactions that lead to composition change and/or making conditions unfavorable for some species. Other effects such as direct toxicity of nitrogen gases and aerosols, long-term negative effects of increased ammonium and ammonia availability, soil-mediated effects of acidification, and secondary stress and disturbance are more ecosystem- and site-specific and often play a supporting role. N deposition effects in mediterranean ecosystems have now been identified, leading to a first estimate of an effect threshold. Importantly, ecosystems thought of as not N limited, such as tropical and subtropical systems, may be more vulnerable in the regeneration phase, in situations where heterogeneity in N availability is reduced by atmospheric N deposition, on sandy soils, or in montane areas. Critical loads are effect thresholds for N deposition, and the critical load concept has helped European governments make progress toward reducing N loads on sensitive ecosystems. More needs to be done in Europe and North America, especially for the more sensitive ecosystem types, including several ecosystems of high conservation importance. The results of this assessment show that the vulnerable regions outside Europe and North America which have not received enough attention are ecoregions in eastern and southern Asia (China, India), an important part of the mediterranean ecoregion (California, southern Europe), and in the coming decades several subtropical and tropical parts of Latin America and Africa. Reductions in plant diversity by increased atmospheric N deposition may be more widespread than first thought, and more targeted studies are required in low background areas, especially in the G200 ecoregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bobbink
- B-WARE Research Centre, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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13
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Twieg BD, Durall DM, Simard SW, Jones MD. Influence of soil nutrients on ectomycorrhizal communities in a chronosequence of mixed temperate forests. MYCORRHIZA 2009; 19:305-316. [PMID: 19274470 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-009-0232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Many factors associated with forests are collectively responsible for controlling ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal community structure, including plant species composition, forest structure, stand age, and soil nutrients. The objective of this study was to examine relationships among ECM fungal community measures, local soil nutrients, and stand age along a chronosequence of mixed forest stands that were similar in vegetation composition and site quality. Six combinations of age class (5-, 26-, 65-, and 100-year-old) and stand initiation type (wildfire and clearcut) were replicated on four sites, each representing critical seral stages of stand development in Interior Cedar-Hemlock (ICH) forests of southern British Columbia. We found significant relationships between ECM fungal diversity and both available and organic P; available P was also positively correlated with the abundance of two ECM taxa (Rhizopogon vinicolor group and Cenoccocum geophilum). By contrast, ECM fungal diversity varied unpredictably with total and mineralizable N or C to N ratio. We also found that soil C, N, available P, and forest floor depth did not exhibit strong patterns across stand ages. Overall, ECM fungal community structure was more strongly influenced by stand age than specific soil nutrients, but better correlations with soil nutrients may occur at broader spatial scales covering a wider range of site qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan D Twieg
- Biology and Physical Geography Unit and SARAHS Centre, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Daniel M Durall
- Biology and Physical Geography Unit and SARAHS Centre, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Suzanne W Simard
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia Vancouver, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Melanie D Jones
- Biology and Physical Geography Unit and SARAHS Centre, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen K Treseder
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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15
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Treseder K. Nutrient Acquisition Strategies of Fungi and Their Relation to Elevated Atmospheric CO2. Mycology 2005. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420027891.ch36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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16
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Trudell SA, Edmonds RL. Macrofungus communities correlate with moisture and nitrogen abundance in two old-growth conifer forests, Olympic National Park, Washington, USA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1139/b04-057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We characterized the epigeous macrofungus communities in two old-growth conifer forests by collecting sporocarps. Despite the similarity in dominant tree species in the two forests, the macrofungus communities were very different. At the drier, nitrogen-poor Deer Park area, the macrofungi were dominated by ectomycorrhizal species in the genera Cortinarius, Tricholoma, Hydnellum, Suillus, and Sarcodon. At the wetter, higher nitrogen Hoh Valley, the macrofungi were characterized by ectomycorrhizal species in different genera, such as Inocybe, Russula, Amanita, Boletus, and Phaeocollybia, and saprotrophic fungi accounted for a greater proportion of the community. Species richness was similar at the two areas, but sporocarp production was much higher at Deer Park. We propose that (i) these community differences developed over a long time; (ii) they are largely related to differences in ecosystem moisture and nitrogen abundance; and (iii) within the ectomycorrhizal fungi, possible causal mechanisms involve mycelial morphology and carbon allocation within the symbioses. The apparent response to relatively small but presumably long-term differences in nitrogen abundance suggests that sporocarp production by macrofungi could be an effective bioindicator and should be considered in determination of critical loads for atmospheric nitrogen deposition to temperate and boreal forests.Key words: critical nitrogen loads, ectomycorrhizal fungi, macrofungi, macrofungus communities, nitrogen, old-growth conifer forests.
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Sundaram S, Brand JH, Hymes MJ, Hiremath S, Podila GK. Isolation and analysis of a symbiosis-regulated and Ras-interacting vesicular assembly protein gene from the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2004; 161:529-538. [PMID: 33873504 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00935.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
• A yeast two-hybrid library prepared from Laccaria bicolor × Pinus resinosa mycorrhizas was screened using a LbRAS clone, previously characterized, as a bait to isolate LbRAS interacting signaling-related genes from L. bicolor. • Using this method, a novel line of Ras-interacting yeast two-hybrid mycorrhizal (Rythm) clones were isolated and analysed for their symbiosis-regulation. One such clone identified (RythmA) had homology to Ap180-like vesicular proteins. • Sequence homology and parsimony-based phylogenetic analysis showed its relatedness to Ap180-like proteins from other systems. DNA analysis suggested that L. bicolor had one or two copies of the RythmA gene. • An RNA analysis showed that the expression of RythmA could be detected 36 h after interaction with the host, which follows the expression of Lbras. Immunolocalization of LbRAS near dolipore septum of the fungal cells in the Hartig net area suggests that RythmA protein may be involved in the transport of signaling proteins such as LbRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Sundaram
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Tech University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
- Present address: Vattikudi Urology Institute, Henry Ford Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Joshua H Brand
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Tech University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Matthew J Hymes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Tech University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | | | - Gopi K Podila
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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Urcelay C, Bret-Harte MS, Díaz S, Chapin FS. Mycorrhizal colonization mediated by species interactions in arctic tundra. Oecologia 2003; 137:399-404. [PMID: 12905060 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-003-1349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2002] [Accepted: 06/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Alaskan tussock tundra is a strongly nutrient-limited ecosystem, where almost all vascular plant species are mycorrhizal. We established a long-term removal experiment to document effects of arctic plant species on ecto- and ericoid mycorrhizal fungi and to investigate whether species interactions and/or nutrient availability affect mycorrhizal colonization. The treatments applied were removal of Betula nana ( Betulaceae, dominant deciduous shrub species), removal of Ledum palustre ( Ericaceae, dominant evergreen shrub species), control (no removal), and each of these three treatments with the addition of fertilizer. After 3 years of Ledum removal and fertilization, we found that overall ectomycorrhizal colonization in Betula was significantly reduced. Changes in ectomycorrhizal morphotype composition in removal and fertilized treatments were also observed. These results suggest that the effect of Ledum on Betula's mycorrhizal roots is due to sequestration of nutrients by Ledum, leading to reduced nutrient availability in the soil. In contrast, ericoid mycorrhizal colonization was not affected by fertilization, but the removal of Betula and to a lower degree of Ledum resulted in a reduction of ericoid mycorrhizal colonization suggesting a direct effect of these species on ericoid mycorrhizal colonization. Nutrient availability was only higher in fertilized treatments, but caution should be taken with the interpretation of these data as soil microbes may effectively compete with the ion exchange resins for the nutrients released by plant removal in these nutrient-limited soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Urcelay
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal and FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-CONICET, C.C. 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Nomura N, Kikuzawa K. Productive phenology of tropical montane forests: Fertilization experiments along a moisture gradient. Ecol Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1703.2003.00579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sen R. The root-microbe-soil interface: new tools for sustainable plant production. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2003; 157:391-394. [PMID: 33873395 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Sen
- Department of Biosciences, Division of General Microbiology, Viikki Biocenter (Viikinkaari 9), PO Box 56, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland (tel +358 919159221; fax +358 919159262 email )
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Hobbie EA, Colpaert JV. Nitrogen availability and colonization by mycorrhizal fungi correlate with nitrogen isotope patterns in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2003; 157:115-126. [PMID: 33873704 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00657.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
• Nitrogen isotope (δ 15 N) patterns in plants may provide insight into plant N dynamics. Here, two analytical models of N-isotope cycling in plants and mycorrhizal fungi were tested, as dominant plants in many forest ecosystems obtain most of their N through intereactions with mycorrhizal fungi. • Fungi were treated either as a single well-mixed N pool, or as two N pools (one available, plus one not available, for transfer to the host). Models were compared against complete biomass and 15 N budgets from culture studies of nonmycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris (colonized with Suillus luteus or Thelephora terrestris ) grown exponentially at low and high N supply. • Fungal biomass and N increased at low N relative to high N supply, whereas needle δ 15 N decreased. Needle δ 15 N correlated strongly and negatively with biomass of extraradical hyphae. Our data and models suggest that low plant δ 15 N values in low productivity and N-limited environments result partly from high retention of 15 N-enriched N by mycorrhizal fungi; this retention was driven by increased C flux to fungi under N-limited conditions. The two-pool model of fungal N accounted for greater variability in plant δ 15 N than the one-pool model. • Plant δ 15 N patterns may indicate relative allocation of fixed C from plants to mycorrhizal fungi under some conditions. Studies are needed on whether patterns observed in culture can be applied to interpret field measurements of δ 15 N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Hobbie
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Postfach 100164, 07701 Jena, Germany
- Present address: Morse Hall, Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3525, USA
| | - Jan V Colpaert
- Limburgs Universitair Centrum, Environmental Biology, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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22
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Tarvainen O, Markkola AM, Strömmer R. Diversity of macrofungi and plants in Scots pine forests along an urban pollution gradient. Basic Appl Ecol 2003. [DOI: 10.1078/1439-1791-00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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