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Walldorf J, Porzner M, Neumann M, Joodi G, Niess JH, von Boyen G, Mäder K, Weissbach J, Kleger A, Seufferlein T. The Selective 5-HT1A Agonist SR57746A Protects Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Enteric Glia Cells and Promotes Mucosal Recovery in Experimental Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:423-433. [PMID: 34417821 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurotrophic growth factors can stabilize the intestinal barrier by preventing the apoptosis of enteric glial cells (EGCs) and enterocytes. We reasoned that a selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist may have neuroprotective properties in the gut and that topical application of SR57746A might be an effective treatment strategy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS The therapeutic potential of 5-HT1A receptor agonist SR57746A in IBD was evaluated in vitro (nontransformed NCM460 colonic epithelial cells, SW480 colorectal carcinoma cells) and in vivo (murine dextran sulfate sodium [DSS] colitis and CD4-T-cell transfer colitis). In vitro, we analyzed the effect of SR57746A on apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and EGCs, and upon proliferation, migration, and intracellular signaling in IECs. In vivo, the effect of topical application of SR57746 on disease activity and on histological and endoscopic findings was compared with intraperitoneal infliximab and placebo, respectively. RESULTS The SR57746A activates PI3-K/AKT- and ERK-signaling in IECs. Depending on ERK- and AKT activation, SR57746A potently prevents apoptosis of IECs without inducing proliferation or migration in these cells. Moreover, SR57746A prevented apoptosis in EGCs in vitro. Topical SR57746A treatment significantly reduced mucosal injury in 2 experimental murine colitis models and was as effective as intraperitoneal infliximab treatment. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with SR57746A prevents inflammatory cell damage and apoptosis in IECs and EGCs, similar to the neurotrophic effects of EGCs on IECs. Topical treatment with SR57746A could be a candidate for clinical evaluation in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Walldorf
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Martin Neumann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Golsa Joodi
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale), Germany.,Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jan Hendrik Niess
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg von Boyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julia Weissbach
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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2
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Dong MY, Zhang Y, Jiang HQ, Ren WJ, Xu LC, Zhang YQ, Liu YH. Benzofuran derivatives with nerve growth factor-potentiating activity from Phellinus ribis. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:5145-5152. [PMID: 32608259 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1786827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Three new benzofuran derivatives, namely ribisin E (1) ribisin F (2) along with ribisin G (3) were isolated from the MeOH extract of the fruiting bodies of Phellinus ribis. Their structures were elucidated based on the NMR analysis. Furthermore, the absolute configuration of ribisin E (1) and ribisin G (3) were deduced by the CD calculations, and the absolute configuration of ribisin F (2) was determined by comparing its CD spectrum and specific rotation with the data of known analogues. All compounds (1-3) exhibited the activity of promoting neurite outgrowth in nerve growth factor (NGF)-ediated PC 12 cell at concentrations ranging from 1 to 30 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yue Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hai-Qiang Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ling-Chuan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Fungi and Resource Development in Shandong Province, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yong-Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yu-Hong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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3
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Janssens J, Lu D, Ni B, Chadwick W, Siddiqui S, Azmi A, Etienne H, Jushaj A, van Gastel J, Martin B, Maudsley S. Development of Precision Small-Molecule Proneurotrophic Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 104:263-311. [PMID: 28215298 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, will represent one of the largest future burdens on worldwide healthcare systems due to the increasing proportion of elderly in our society. As deficiencies in neurotrophins are implicated in the pathogenesis of many age-related neurodegenerative disorders, it is reasonable to consider that global neurotrophin resistance may also become a major healthcare threat. Central nervous system networks are effectively maintained through aging by neuroprotective and neuroplasticity signaling mechanisms which are predominantly controlled by neurotrophin receptor signaling. Neurotrophin receptors are single pass receptor tyrosine kinases that form dimeric structures upon ligand binding to initiate cellular signaling events that control many protective and plasticity-related pathways. Declining functionality of the neurotrophin ligand-receptor system is considered one of the hallmarks of neuropathological aging. Therefore, it is imperative to develop effective therapeutic strategies to contend with this significant issue. While the therapeutic applications of cognate ligands for neurotrophin receptors are limited, the development of nonpeptidergic, small-molecule ligands can overcome these limitations, and productively regulate this important receptor system with beneficial effects. Using our advanced knowledge of the high-dimensionality complexity of receptor systems, the future generation of precision medicines targeting these systems will be an attainable goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Janssens
- Translational Neurobiology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - D Lu
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD United States
| | - B Ni
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD United States
| | - W Chadwick
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD United States
| | - S Siddiqui
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD United States
| | - A Azmi
- Translational Neurobiology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - H Etienne
- Translational Neurobiology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - A Jushaj
- Translational Neurobiology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - J van Gastel
- Translational Neurobiology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - B Martin
- Metabolism Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD United States
| | - S Maudsley
- Translational Neurobiology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium; Receptor Pharmacology Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD United States.
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4
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Appert-Collin A, Duong FHT, Passilly DeGrace P, Bennasroune A, Poindron P, Warter JM, Gies JP. Xaliproden (SR57746A) Induces 5-Ht1A Receptors-Mediated Map Kinase Activation in Pc12 Cells. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 18:233-44. [PMID: 15888246 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic growth factors are involved in cell survival. However, natural growth factors have a very limited therapeutic use because of their short half-life. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of action of a non peptidic neurotrophic drug, Xaliproden, a potential molecule for the treatment of motoneuron diseases, since the transduction pathways of this synthetic 5-HT1A agonist are very poorly understood. Xaliproden does not activate the Trk receptor but causes a rapid increase in the activities of the ERK1 and ERK2 isoforms of MAP kinase, which then rapidly decrease to the basal level. We demonstrate that isoforms of the she adapter protein are phosphorylated independently of each other and are probably not the source of the Xaliproden-induced MAP kinases activation. The inhibitor of Ras farnesylation, FPT-1, and the protein kinase C inhibitors, GF 109203X and chelerythrine, inhibited the Xaliproden-induced MAP kinase activation, suggesting p21Ras and PKC involvement. Moreover, the observations that the 5-HT1A antagonist, pindobind, and pertussis toxin abolished the Xaliproden-induced ERK stimulation suggested that Xaliproden activates the MAP kinase pathways by stimulating the G-protein-coupled receptor, 5-HT1A. These results demonstrated clearly that the non peptidic compound, Xaliproden, exerts its neurotrophic effects through a mechanism of action differing from that of neurotrophins. These findings suggest that this compound does not involve MAPK activation by TrkA receptor stimulation but acts by MAP Kinase pathway by a pertussis toxin-sensitive mechanism involving 5-HT1A receptors, p21 Ras and MEK-1 and by PKC and Akt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Appert-Collin
- Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Pathologie des Communications, Illkirch Cedex, France
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5
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Qin XJ, Zhao YL, Song CW, Wang B, Chen YY, Liu L, Li Q, Li D, Liu YP, Luo XD. Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids from Inadequately Dried Leaves of Alstonia scholaris. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2015; 5:185-93. [PMID: 26280886 PMCID: PMC4567994 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-015-0066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Six new indole alkaloids, named alstoniascholarines L-Q (1-6), together with nineteen known analogues were isolated from the inadequately dried leaves of Alstonia scholaris. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive analysis of spectroscopic data and by comparison of their physical and spectroscopic data with the literature values. In addition, the new alkaloids were tested for their cytotoxic and neurite outgrowth-promoting activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Mazzio E, Georges B, McTier O, Soliman KFA. Neurotrophic Effects of Mu Bie Zi (Momordica cochinchinensis) Seed Elucidated by High-Throughput Screening of Natural Products for NGF Mimetic Effects in PC-12 Cells. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:2102-12. [PMID: 25862192 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Post-mitotic central nervous system (CNS) neurons have limited capacity for regeneration, creating a challenge in the development of effective therapeutics for spinal cord injury or neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, therapeutic use of human neurotrophic agents such as nerve growth factor (NGF) are limited due to hampered transport across the blood brain barrier (BBB) and a large number of peripheral side effects (e.g. neuro-inflammatory pain/tissue degeneration etc.). Therefore, there is a continued need for discovery of small molecule NGF mimetics that can penetrate the BBB and initiate CNS neuronal outgrowth/regeneration. In the current study, we conduct an exploratory high-through-put (HTP) screening of 1144 predominantly natural/herb products (947 natural herbs/plants/spices, 29 polyphenolics and 168 synthetic drugs) for ability to induce neurite outgrowth in PC12 dopaminergic cells grown on rat tail collagen, over 7 days. The data indicate a remarkably rare event-low hit ratio with only 1/1144 tested substances (<111.25 µg/mL) being capable of inducing neurite outgrowth in a dose dependent manner, identified as; Mu Bie Zi, Momordica cochinchinensis seed extract (MCS). To quantify the neurotrophic effects of MCS, 36 images (n = 6) (average of 340 cells per image), were numerically assessed for neurite length, neurite count/cell and min/max neurite length in microns (µm) using Image J software. The data show neurite elongation from 0.07 ± 0.02 µm (controls) to 5.5 ± 0.62 µm (NGF 0.5 μg/mL) and 3.39 ± 0.45 µm (138 μg/mL) in MCS, where the average maximum length per group extended from 3.58 ± 0.42 µm (controls) to 41.93 ± 3.14 µm (NGF) and 40.20 ± 2.72 µm (MCS). Imaging analysis using immunocytochemistry (ICC) confirmed that NGF and MCS had similar influence on 3-D orientation/expression of 160/200 kD neurofilament, tubulin and F-actin. These latent changes were associated with early rise in phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) p-Erk1 (T202/Y204)/p-Erk2 (T185/Y187) at 60 min with mild changes in pAKT peaking at 5 min, and no indication of pMEK involvement. These findings demonstrate a remarkable infrequency of natural products or polyphenolic constituents to exert neurotrophic effects at low concentrations, and elucidate a unique property of MCS extract to do so. Future research will be required to delineate in depth mechanism of action of MCS, constituents responsible and potential for therapeutic application in CNS degenerative disease or injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mazzio
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Room 104, Dyson Pharmacy Building, 1520 ML King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - B Georges
- Department of Biology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - O McTier
- Department of Biology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Karam F A Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Room 104, Dyson Pharmacy Building, 1520 ML King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA.
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Two novel clerodane diterpenenes with NGF-potentiating activities from the twigs of Croton yanhuii. Fitoterapia 2014; 95:229-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Novel NGF-potentiating limonoids from the fruits of Melia toosendan. Fitoterapia 2013; 90:192-8. [PMID: 23916581 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four new limonoids (1-4), together with five known limonoids (5-9), were isolated from the fruits of Melia toosendan. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analyses (1D- and 2D-NMR, HRESIMS, IR, [α](D)). The isolated compounds were evaluated for their neurite outgrowth-promoting activities. Compounds 2 and 6 significantly enhanced NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 50.0 μM.
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9
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Shang SZ, Kong LM, Yang LP, Jiang J, Huang J, Zhang HB, Shi YM, Zhao W, Li HL, Luo HR, Li Y, Xiao WL, Sun HD. Bioactive phenolics and terpenoids from Manglietia insignis. Fitoterapia 2013; 84:58-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Liu Y, Kubo M, Fukuyama Y. Nerve growth factor-potentiating benzofuran derivatives from the medicinal fungus Phellinus ribis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:2152-2157. [PMID: 23215538 DOI: 10.1021/np300566y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Four new benzofuran derivatives, ribisin A (1), ribisin B (2), ribisin C (3), and ribisin D (4), were isolated from the MeOH extract of the fruiting bodies of Phellinus ribis. Their structures including their absolute configurations were determined by NMR and CD exciton chirality methods. Compounds 1-4 were found to promote neurite outgrowth in NGF-mediated PC12 cells at concentrations ranging from 1 to 30 μM. The structure-activity relationships of these compounds are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Liu
- Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
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Liu Y, Kubo M, Fukuyama Y. Spirocyclic nortriterpenoids with NGF-potentiating activity from the fruits of Leonurus heterophyllus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:1353-1358. [PMID: 22703163 DOI: 10.1021/np300287f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Four new spirocyclic nortriterpenoids, leonurusoleanolide A (1), leonurusoleanolide B (2), leonurusoleanolide C (3), and leonurusoleanolide D (4), were isolated from the MeOH extract of the fruits of Leonurus heterophyllus. Compounds 1 and 2, and compounds 3 and 4, were found to exist as equilibrium mixtures of trans and cis isomers. Mixtures of 1 and 2, and 3 and 4, significantly enhanced the neurite outgrowth of nerve growth factor-treated PC12 cells at concentrations ranging from 1 to 30 μM. Compound 8 was also found to have a neurite outgrowth-promoting effect at concentrations of 1 and 10 μM. The structure-activity relationship of these compounds is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Liu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University , Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
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Williams AL, Dandepally SR, Gilyazova N, Witherspoon SM, Ibeanu G. Microwave-assisted synthesis of 4-chloro-N-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-5-(3-(piperazin-1-yl)phenoxy)thiophene-2-sulfonamide (B-355252): a new potentiator of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth. Tetrahedron 2010; 66:9577-9581. [PMID: 22973068 PMCID: PMC3437539 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 4-chloro-N-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-5-(3-(piperazin-1-yl)phenoxy)thiophene-2-sulfonamide (B-355252) using a MW-assisted nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S(N)Ar) reaction will be discussed. Utilization of this method allowed for the rapid generation of B-355252 heteroaryl ether core structure in the presence of cesium carbonate in dimethylformamide or tripotassium phosphate in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in 94% yield. Evaluation of B-355252 enhancement of nerve growth factor's ability to stimulate neurite outgrowths was determined using NS-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred L Williams
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707 USA 2
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Kubo M, Kishimoto Y, Harada K, Hioki H, Fukuyama Y. NGF-potentiating vibsane-type diterpenoids from Viburnum sieboldii. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2566-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Porzner M, Müller T, Seufferlein T. SR 57746A/xaliproden, a non-peptide neurotrophic compound: prospects and constraints for the treatment of nervous system diseases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 18:1765-72. [PMID: 19814656 DOI: 10.1517/13543780903329089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as well as peripheral neuropathies are difficult to treat due to a limited range of effective drugs. Neurotrophic growth factors promote neuronal survival and differentiation and could hence be interesting tools to treat these diseases. Their therapeutic use is limited due their short half-life, their inability to cross the BBB and potential side effects including tumor promotion. SR 57746A is a non-peptide, orally active compound that exhibits neuroprotective effects in various model systems in vitro and in vivo. SR 57746A shows--amongst other activities--agonistic activity on 5-HT(1A) receptors. Several clinical trials examined SR 57746A in patients with Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or chemotherapy-induced peripheral sensory neuropathy. This article reviews the preclinical and clinical data on SR 57746A and points out potential future applications of this compound. However, due to disapointing results in phase III trials, Sanofi-Aventis recently decided to discontinue the development of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Porzner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Fukuyama Y, Kubo M, Esumi T, Harada K, Hioki H. Chemistry and Biological Activities of Vibsane-Type Diterpenoids. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-10-671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hur J, Lee P, Moon E, Kang I, Kim SH, Oh MS, Kim SY. Neurite outgrowth induced by spicatoside A, a steroidal saponin, via the tyrosine kinase A receptor pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 620:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Martel JC, Assié MB, Bardin L, Depoortère R, Cussac D, Newman-Tancredi A. 5-HT1A receptors are involved in the effects of xaliproden on G-protein activation, neurotransmitter release and nociception. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 158:232-42. [PMID: 19508400 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00249.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Xaliproden (SR57746A) is a 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist and neurotrophic agent that reduces oxaliplatin-mediated neuropathy in clinical trials. The present study investigated its profile on in vitro transduction, neurochemical responses and acute nociceptive pain tests in rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Xaliproden was tested on models associated with 5-HT(1A) receptor activation including G-protein activation, extracellular dopamine and 5-HT levels measured by microdialysis and formalin-induced pain. Activation of 5-HT(1A) receptors was confirmed by antagonism with WAY100635. KEY RESULTS Xaliproden exhibited high affinity for rat (r) and human (h) 5-HT(1A) receptors (pK(i)= 8.84 and 9.00). In [(35)S]GTPgammaS (guanosine 5'-O-(3-[(35)S]thio)triphosphate) assays it activated both hippocampal r5-HT(1A)[pEC(50)/E(MAX) of 7.58/61% (%5-HT)] and recombinant h5-HT(1A) receptors (glioma C6-h5-HT(1A): 7.39/62%; HeLa-h5-HT(1A): 7.24/93%). In functional [(35)S]GTPgammaS autoradiography, xaliproden induced labelling in structures enriched with 5-HT(1A) receptors (hippocampus, lateral septum, prefrontal and entorhinal cortices). Xaliproden inhibited in vivo binding of [(3)H]WAY100635 to 5-HT(1A) receptors in mouse frontal cortex and hippocampus (ID(50): 3.5 and 3.3 mg x kg(-1), p.o. respectively). In rat, it increased extracellular dopamine levels in frontal cortex and reduced hippocampal 5-HT levels (ED(50): 1.2 and 0.7 mg x kg(-1), i.p. respectively). In a rat pain model, xaliproden inhibited paw licking and elevation (ED(50): 1 and 3 mg x kg(-1), i.p. respectively) following formalin injection in the paw. All effects were reversed by pretreatment with WAY100635. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results indicate that activation of 5-HT(1A) receptors is the principal mechanism of action of xaliproden and provide further support for the utility of 5-HT(1A) receptor activation as an anti-nociceptive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-C Martel
- Division of Neurobiology 2, Centre de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Castres, France.
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Clement CM, Dandepally SR, Williams AL, Ibeanu GC. A synthetic analog of verbenachalcone potentiates NGF-induced neurite outgrowth and enhances cell survival in neuronal cell models. Neurosci Lett 2009; 459:157-61. [PMID: 19427363 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study uses NeuroScreen-1 (NS-1) cells, a derivative of pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells, to examine neurite outgrowth induced by a novel synthetic verbenachalcone derivative, DSRB20-022 (C22). We treated NS-1 cells with varying concentrations of C22 in the presence of 2ng/mL nerve growth factor (NGF). A dose-dependent effect of C22 was observed at concentrations of 2microM and above, resulting in significant enhancement of NGF-dependent neurite outgrowth in NS-1 cells. C22 did not exhibit neuritogenic activity in the absence of NGF, but promoted a concentration-dependent increase in neurite-bearing cells without inducing cytotoxicity. Cell viability assays showed that C22 and the parent compound verbenachalcone (VC) are neuroprotective and enhanced survival of NS-1, PC12, and the murine neuro-2A (N2a) cell lines under conditions of serum deprivation. The results show that augmentation of NGF-induced neurite outgrowth by C22 in NS-1 was dependent on MAP kinase. Furthermore, the neuroprotective function of C22 and VC was accompanied by suppression of caspase-3/7 activation. However, C22 and VC exerted their antagonistic effects on caspase-3/7 activation through potentially different mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceiléssia M Clement
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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19
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An improved synthesis of 2-amino-5-[(4-chlorophenyl)thio]-4-morpholinopyrimidine (BW 394U) - A potential antisenility agent. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570370131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Webster NJG, Pirrung MC. Small molecule activators of the Trk receptors for neuroprotection. BMC Neurosci 2008; 9 Suppl 2:S1. [PMID: 19090982 PMCID: PMC2604901 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-9-s2-s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotrophin signaling network is critical to the development and survival of many neuronal populations. Especially sensitive to imbalances in the neurotrophin system, cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain are progressively lost in Alzheimer's disease. Therapeutic use of neurotrophins to prevent this loss is hampered, however, by a number of pharmacological challenges. These include a lack of transport across the blood-brain barrier, rapid degradation in the circulation, and difficulty in production. In this review we discuss the evidence supporting the neurotrophin system's role in preventing neurodegeneration and survey some of the pharmacological strategies being pursued to develop effective therapeutics targeting neurotrophin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J G Webster
- Veterans Medical Research Foundation and VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
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Tang W, Kubo M, Harada K, Hioki H, Fukuyama Y. Novel NGF-potentiating diterpenoids from a Brazilian medicinal plant, Ptychopetalum olacoides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 19:882-6. [PMID: 19095451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
From the MeOH extract of Ptychopetalum olacoides, which is used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of chronic degenerative conditions of the nervous system, four novel clerodane-type diterpenoids named 6alpha,7alpha-dihydroxyannonene (1), 7alpha,20-dihydroxyannonene (2), 7alpha-hydroxysolidagolactone I (3), and ptycho-6alpha,7alpha-diol (4) were isolated by bioassay-directed fractionation using NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. The structures of 1-4 were established by extensive NMR spectroscopic analyses and chemical conversion. Compounds 1 and 2 significantly enhanced NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 50.0 microM for 1 and 0.1 to 30.0 microM for 2, whereas 3 and 4 had no morphological effect on NGF-mediated PC12 cells in the same concentration range. The structure-activity relationship of these compounds is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxia Tang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
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22
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Tang W, Hioki H, Harada K, Kubo M, Fukuyama Y. Clerodane diterpenoids with NGF-potentiating activity from Ptychopetalum olacoides. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:1760-1763. [PMID: 18821798 DOI: 10.1021/np8004002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Four new clerodane-type diterpenoids, ptychonolide (1), 20-O-methylptychonal acetal (2), and an equilibrium mixture of ptychonal hemiacetal (3) and ptychonal (4), were isolated from the MeOH extract of the bark of a Brazilian plant, Ptychopetalum olacoides. The structure of 1 was elucidated as a clerodane-type diterpenoid on the basis of spectroscopic data, whereas 2 was assigned to an acetal derivative of 1. Compounds 3 and 4 existed as an equilibrium mixture. A mixture of compounds 3 and 4 was found to exhibit neurite outgrowth-promoting activities on NGF-mediated PC12 cells at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10.0 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxia Tang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
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Taking the next steps in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: disease-modifying agents. CNS Spectr 2008; 13:11-4. [PMID: 18564460 DOI: 10.1017/s109285290001720x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in the United States and the number of AD patients is increasing at an alarming rate. There is no cure for AD and the currently available treatments are symptomatic, providing only limited effects on disease pathophysiology and progression. An overwhelming need exists for therapies that can slow or halt this debilitating disease process. Disease modification in AD has been defined from patient-focused, regulatory, and neurobiological perspectives. The latter two of these perspectives rely largely on an interruption of the disease process and a clear demonstration of this interruption. As defined by Cummings, a disease-modifying treatment is a “pharmacologic treatment that retards the underlying process of AD by intervening in the neurobiological processes that constitute the pathology and pathophysiology of the disease and lead to cell death or dysfunction.” By this definition, the burden of confirmatory study is placed on any new treatment for which the claim of “disease modification” is to be made (Slide 1).
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Abstract
Significant advances in the treatment of colorectal cancer have been observed over the past several years. With the introduction of oxaliplatin combined with infusional 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin, survival for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer has nearly doubled. The incorporation of biologic agents that target angiogenesis (bevacizumab) and tumor growth pathways (cetuximab, panitumimab) extends survival even further, in addition to increasing response rates in patients with metastatic disease. The benefit of these newer drugs is also being realized in the adjuvant setting, where the addition of oxaliplatin to infusional 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin has led to improvements in 3-year disease-free survival. Future challenges with the use of oxaliplatin include defining strategies to optimize its use while avoiding treatment-limiting neurotoxicity and identification of markers predictive of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- George P Kim
- Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32082, USA.
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Yang YJ, Park JI, Lee HJ, Seo SM, Lee OK, Choi DH, Paik KH, Lee MK. Effects of (+)-eudesmin from the stem bark ofMagnolia kobus DC. var.borealis Sarg. on neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Arch Pharm Res 2006; 29:1114-8. [PMID: 17225460 DOI: 10.1007/bf02969301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
(+)-Eudesmin [4,8-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane] was isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia kobus DC. var. borealis Sarg. and found to have neuritogenic activity. 50 microM (+)-eudesmin induced neurite outgrowth and enhanced nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells. At this concentration, (+)-eudesmin also enhanced NGF-induced neurite-bearing activity and this activity was partially blocked by various protein kinase inhibitors. These included PD98059, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase inhibitor. GF109203X, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor and H89, a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor. These results suggest that (+)-eudesmin can induce neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells by stimulating up-stream MAPK, PKC and PKA pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jung Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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26
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Shin JS, Kim YM, Hong SS, Kang HS, Yang YJ, Lee DK, Hwang BY, Ro JS, Lee MK. Induction of neurite outgrowth by (-)-(7R, 8S)-dihydrodehyd-rodiconiferyl alcohol from PC12 Cells. Arch Pharm Res 2005; 28:1337-40. [PMID: 16392665 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A lignan derivative, (-)-(7R, 8S)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (DHDA), was isolated from Kalopanax septemlobus L. and was observed to have neuritogenic activity. DHDA at 50 microM caused a marked induction of neurite outgrowth and an enhancement of nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells. However, it did not exhibit any neurotrophic action. At 50 microM, DHDA enhanced NGF-induced neurite-bearing activity. This activity was partially blocked by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor PD98059 and by GF109203X, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. These results suggest that DHDA can induce neurite outgrowth and enhance NGF-induced neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells by amplifying up-stream steps such as MAPK and PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Soo Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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27
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Appert-Collin A, Duong FH, Passilly Degrace P, Warter JM, Poindron P, Gies JP. MAPK activation via 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor is involved in the neuroprotective effects of xaliproden. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2005; 18:21-31. [PMID: 15698508 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Motoneurons require neurotrophic factors for their survival and their differentiation. Xaliproden (SR57746A) is a synthetic compound that exhibits in vivo and in vitro neurotrophic effects in several experimental studies. Here we demonstrate that neuroprotective effects of Xaliproden on motoneuron cultures are mediated by the activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway. It is inhibited by PD98059, a selective and irreversible inhibitor of MEK1. The activation of this pathway seems to involve two different proteins, the protein kinase C and the Ras. Indeed, we show that Xaliproden is able to activate the MAP kinases ERK1/2 and PKC in motoneurons. In addition, the use of a 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor antagonist, Pindobind and pertussis toxin, inhibits the effect of Xaliproden on motoneuron survival, suggesting the involvement of this G-protein coupled receptor. Morever, 8-OH-DPAT, an agonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor, increases the survival of mouse motoneurons but not by the same extent as BDNF or xaliproden. Since 8-OH-DPAT does not act synergistically with Xaliproden, it is likely that their neuroprotective properties involve a similar pathway. Taken together, these results indicate that neuroprotective effects of Xaliproden on mouse motoneurons are dependent on the mitogen-activated protein kinase activation via 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Appert-Collin
- Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkrich, France
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28
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Emmerling MR, Spiegel K, D Hall E, LeVine H, Walker LC, Schwarz RD, Gracon S. Emerging strategies for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease at the Millennium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/14728214.4.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
There is currently no effective treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a devastating disorder of the human nervous system that, due to motoneurone degeneration, causes progressive loss of muscle function and death. The relentless progression of ALS and the uniformly poor prognosis have been unhindered by a variety of therapeutic agents tested in previous clinical studies. Recently, two drugs, namely riluzole and recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1), have been reported to benefit patients with ALS by improving survival or slowing disease progression. Several other drugs, such as gabapentin and various neurotrophic factors, are being investigated in on-going clinical trials. Therapeutic developments in ALS have been hampered by the fact that the precise cause of the disease remains unknown. In addition, there are considerable variations in disease related characteristics among patients, rendering accurate measurements of disease progression difficult. Advances in theories of pathogenesis, such as genetic factors, glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, autoimmune mechanism and cytoskeletal abnormality will help guide the development of future therapies. Newer approaches to therapy may include suitable glutamate antagonists, small molecules that augment neurotrophic factor function, and anti-oxidants. Combination therapy of effective agents should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Lai
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 6550 Fannin, Suite 1801, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Li P, Matsunaga K, Yamakuni T, Ohizumi Y. Nardosinone, the first enhancer of neurite outgrowth-promoting activity of staurosporine and dibutyryl cyclic AMP in PC12D cells. BRAIN RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 2003; 145:177-83. [PMID: 14604758 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-3806(03)00239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nardosinone was isolated as an enhancer of nerve growth factor (NGF) from Nardostachys chinensis [Neurosci. Lett. 273 (1999) 53]. Nardosinone (0.1-100 microM) enhanced dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP, 0.3 mM)- and staurosporine (10 nM)-induced neurite outgrowth from PC12D cells in a concentration-dependent manner. PD98059 (20 microM), a potent mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase inhibitor, partially blocked enhancements of dbcAMP (0.3 mM)- or staurosporine (10 nM)-induced neurite outgrowth by nardosinone. Nardosinone alone had no effect on the phosphorylation of MAP kinase. The dbcAMP-induced increase in phosphorylation of MAP kinase was not affected by nardosinone. Staurosporine almost unaffected the phosphorylation of MAP kinase, and nardosinone potentiated the staurosporine-induced neurite outgrowth without stimulation of the phosphorylation of MAP kinase. Since it is known that MAP kinase signaling is required for neurite outgrowth in PC12D cells, these results suggest that nardosinone enhances staurosporine- or dbcAMP-induced neurite outgrowth from PC12D cells, probably by amplifying both the MAP kinase-dependent and -independent signaling pathways of dbcAMP and staurosporine. It is also suggested that nardosinone enhances a downstream step of MAP kinase in the MAP kinase-dependent signaling pathway. Nardosinone is the first enhancer of the neuritogenic action of dbcAMP and staurosporine and may become a useful pharmacological tool for studying the mechanism of action of not only NGF but also both the neuritogenic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai, Aoba 980-8578, Japan
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Kamei Y, Tsang CK. Sargaquinoic acid promotes neurite outgrowth via protein kinase A and MAP kinases-mediated signaling pathways in PC12D cells. Int J Dev Neurosci 2003; 21:255-62. [PMID: 12850058 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-5748(03)00068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously isolated a nerve growth factor (NGF)-dependent neurite outgrowth promoting substance MC14 (sargaquinoic acid) from a marine brown alga, Sargassum macrocarpum. In the present study, the NGF-potentiating activity of MC14 to neural differentiation of PC12D cells was investigated in detail. The treatment of cells with 3 microg/ml MC14 in the presence of 1.25-100 ng/ml NGF markedly enhanced the proportion of neurite-bearing cells compared with the NGF-only controls. In addition, MC14 significantly elevated the NGF-induced specific acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity in PC12D cells, suggesting that MC14 could morphologically and biochemically promote the differentiation of PC12D cells. The mechanism of action of MC14 was further investigated by pharmacological inhibition of several intracellular signaling molecules. Results indicated that the neurite outgrowth promoting activity of MC14 was almost completely blocked by 10 microM PD98059, suggesting that a TrkA-dependent MAP kinases-mediated signaling pathway may play a crucial role in modulating the effect of MC14. Besides, the MC14-enhanced neurite outgrowth was substantially suppressed by the pretreatment with 10 ng/ml protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, demonstrating that the adenylate cyclase-PKA signaling cascade was also involved in the action of MC14. In contrast, a PKC inhibitor chelerythrine chloride did not inhibit the neurite outgrowth promoting activity of MC14. Altogether, these results demonstrate that MC14 enhances the neurite outgrowth by cooperating at least two separated signaling pathways, a TrkA-MAP kinases pathway and an adenylate cyclase-PKA pathway, in PC12D cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kamei
- Marine and Highland Bioscience Center, Saga University, 152-1 Shonan-cho, Karatsu, Saga 847-0021, Japan.
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Isoda H, Talorete TPN, Kimura M, Maekawa T, Inamori Y, Nakajima N, Seki H. Phytoestrogens genistein and daidzin enhance the acetylcholinesterase activity of the rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12 by binding to the estrogen receptor. Cytotechnology 2002; 40:117-23. [PMID: 19003112 PMCID: PMC3449519 DOI: 10.1023/a:1023903220539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Some compounds derived from plants have been known to possess estrogenic properties and can thus alter the physiology of higher organisms. Genistein and daidzin are examples of these phytoestrogens, which have recently been the subject of extensive research. In this study, genistein and daidzin were found to enhance the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of the rat neuronal cell line PC12 at concentrations as low as 0.08 muM by binding to the estrogen receptor (ER). Results have shown that this enhancement was effectively blocked by the known estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen, indicating the involvement of the ER in AChE induction. That genistein and daidzin are estrogenic were confirmed in a cell proliferation assay using the human breast cancer cell line MCF7. This proliferation was also blocked by tamoxifen, again indicating the involvement of the ER. On the other hand, incubating the PC12 cells in increasing concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) did not lead to enhanced AChE activity, even in the presence of genistein or daidzin. This suggests that mere binding of an estrogenic compound to the ER does not necessarily lead to enhanced AChE activity. Moreover, the effect of the phytoestrogens on AChE activity cannot be expressed in the presence of E2 since they either could not compete with the natural ligand in binding to the ER or that E2 down-regulates its own receptor. This study clearly suggests that genistein and daidzin enhance AChE activityin PC12 cells by binding to the ER; however, the actual mechanism of enhancement is not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Isoda
- National Institute of Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Xing X, Padmanaban D, Yeh LA, Cuny GD. Utilization of a copper-catalyzed diaryl ether synthesis for the preparation of verbenachalcone. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li P, Matsunaga K, Yamakuni T, Ohizumi Y. Picrosides I and II, selective enhancers of the mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent signaling pathway in the action of neuritogenic substances on PC12D cells. Life Sci 2002; 71:1821-35. [PMID: 12151059 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(02)01949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Picrosides I and II caused a concentration-dependent (> 0.1 microM) enhancement of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, 2 ng/ml)-, staurosporine (10 nM)- and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP, 0.3 mM)-induced neurite outgrowth from PC12D cells. PD98059 (20 microM), a potent mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase inhibitor, blocked the enhancement of bFGF (2 ng/ml)-, staurosporine (10 nM)- or dbcAMP (0.3 mM)-induced neurite outgrowth by picrosides, suggesting that picrosides activate MAP kinase-dependent signaling pathway. However, PD98059 did not affect the bFGF (2 ng/ml)-, staurosporine (10 nM)- and dbcAMP (0.3 mM)-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12D cells, indicating the existence of two components in neurite outgrowth induced by bFGF, staurosporine and dbcAMP, namely the MAP kinase-independent and the masked MAP kinase-dependent one. Furthermore, picrosides-induced enhancements of the bFGF-action were markedly inhibited by GF109203X (0.1 microM), a protein kinase C inhibitor. The expression of phosphorylated MAP kinase was markedly increased by bFGF (2 ng/ml) and dbcAMP (0.3 mM), whereas that was not enhanced by staurosporine (10 nM). Picrosides had no effect on the phosphorylation of MAP kinase induced by bFGF or dbcAMP and also unaffected it in the presence of staurosporine. These results suggest that picrosides I and II enhance bFGF-, staurosporine- or dbcAMP-induced neurite outgrowth from PC12D cells, probably by amplifying a down-stream step of MAP kinase in the intracellular MAP kinase-dependent signaling pathway. Picrosides I and II may become selective pharmacological tools for studying the MAP kinase-dependent signaling pathway in outgrowth of neurites induced by many kinds of neuritogenic substances including bFGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xie
- Department of Neurology, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Nabeshima T, Yamada K. Neurotrophic factor strategies for the treatment of Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2000; 14 Suppl 1:S39-46. [PMID: 10850729 DOI: 10.1097/00002093-200000001-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert are reduced early in the course of Alzheimer disease, and the dysfunction of cholinergic neurons is believed to be primarily responsible for cognitive deficits in the disease. Nerve growth factor has a trophic effect on cholinergic neurons and therefore may have some beneficial effects on the cognitive impairment observed in patients with Alzheimer disease. Experimental studies demonstrated that a continuous infusion of nerve growth factor into the cerebroventricle prevents cholinergic neuron atrophy after axotomy or associated with normal aging and ameliorates cognition impairment in these animals. A clinical study in three patients with Alzheimer disease revealed, however, that a long-term intracerebroventricular infusion of nerve growth factor may have certain potentially beneficial effects, but the continuous intracerebroventricular route of administration is also associated with negative side effects that appear to outweigh the positive effects. Several other strategies have been suggested to provide neurotrophic support to cholinergic neurons. In this article, we review the neurotrophic factor strategies for the treatment of Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nabeshima
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Li P, Matsunaga K, Yamakuni T, Ohizumi Y. Potentiation of nerve growth factor-action by picrosides I and II, natural iridoids, in PC12D cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 406:203-8. [PMID: 11020482 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural iridoid, picroside I (beta-D-glucopyranoside, 1a,1b,2,5a,6, 6a-hexahydro-6-hydroxy-1a-(hydroxymethyl)oxireno[4,5]cyclopenta[1, 2-c]pyran-2-yl, 6-(3-phenyl-2-propenoate)) or II (beta-D-glucopyranoside, 1a,1b,2,5a,6, 6a-hexahydro-6-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)oxy]-1a-(hydroxymethyl )ox ireno[4,5]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyran-2-yl) alone did not exhibit neuritogenic activity, but caused a concentration-dependent (>0.1 microM) enhancement of nerve growth factor (NGF, 2 ng/ml)-induced neurite outgrowth from PC12D cells. The picroside-induced enhancing action of NGF was abolished by GF109203X (2-[1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-indol-3-yl]-3-(indol-3-yl)maleimide) (0.1 microM), a protein kinase C inhibitor. Furthermore, PD98059 (2-(2'-amino-3'-methoxyphenyl)-oxanaphthalen-4-one) (20 microM), a potent mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase inhibitor, completely blocked the picroside-induced enhancement of neurite outgrowth in the presence of NGF (2 ng/ml), suggesting that picrosides activate the MAP kinase-dependent signaling pathway. Interestingly, no increase in the expression of phosphorylated MAP kinase was observed in picroside-treated (60 microM) PC12D cells in the presence of NGF (2 ng/ml). These results suggest that picroside I or II enhances NGF-induced neurite outgrowth from PC12D cells, probably by amplifying a down-stream step of MAP kinase in the NGF receptor-mediated intracellular MAP kinase-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8578, Sendai, Japan
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Duong FH, Warter JM, Poindron P, Passilly P. Effect of the nonpeptide neurotrophic compound SR 57746A on the phenotypic survival of purified mouse motoneurons. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 128:1385-92. [PMID: 10602316 PMCID: PMC1571767 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/1999] [Revised: 07/26/1999] [Accepted: 08/27/1999] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Neurotrophic factors have been used for the treatment of several neurodegenerative diseases. However, their use is limited by their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier, their short half life and their side effects. SR 57746A is a new orally active compound that exhibits in vivo and in vitro neurotrophic effects in several experimental models. 2. We show here that SR 57746A (1 microM) increases the phenotypic survival of embryonic purified mouse motoneurons in vitro to the same extent as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (100 ng ml-1), and increases the outgrowth and number of their neurites. It acts in a dose-dependent manner up to 1 microM which is the optimal concentration. Above this concentration, its neurotrophic effect decreases. 3. Genistein (10 microM), a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, also increases the phenotypic survival and differentiation of mouse motoneurons. It does not act in a synergistic or additive manner with SR 57746A. However, at concentrations equal or superior to 25 microM, it decreases the survival of motoneurons. This suggests that the neurotrophic effect of genistein is due to a favourable alteration of equilibrium between phosphorylated and dephosphorylated states of proteins involved in survival and differentiation of motoneurons. 4. Like genistein, SR 57746A should be used at a critical concentration (1 microM) to exert its optimal effects. Since SR 57746A does not act synergistically with genistein, it is likely that its mechanism of action involves a pathway similar to that affected by this tyrosine kinase inhibitor. 5. At the present time, SR 57746A is the only orally active compound and the only synthetic compound shown to be active on motoneurons in vitro. It should thus be considered as a good candidate for the treatment of motoneuron diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Duong
- Laboratoire de Pathologie des Communications entre Cellules Nerveuses et Musculaires (LPCCNM), Université Louis Pasteur, BP 24, F-67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
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Bourrié B, Bribes E, Esclangon M, Garcia L, Marchand J, Thomas C, Maffrand JP, Casellas P. The neuroprotective agent SR 57746A abrogates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and impairs associated blood-brain barrier disruption: implications for multiple sclerosis treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:12855-9. [PMID: 10536012 PMCID: PMC23131 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.22.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a T cell autoimmune disorder that is a widely used animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS) and, as in MS, clinical signs of EAE are associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. SR 57746A, a nonpeptide drug without classical immunosuppressive properties, efficiently protected the BBB and impaired intrathecal IgG synthesis (two conventional markers of MS exacerbation) and consequently suppressed EAE clinical signs. This compound inhibited EAE-induced spinal cord mononuclear cell invasion and normalized tumor necrosis factor alpha and IFN-gamma mRNA expression within the spinal cord. These data suggested that pharmacological intervention aimed at inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine expression within the central nervous system provided protection against BBB disruption, the first clinical sign of EAE and probably the key point of acute MS attacks. This finding could lead to the development of a new class of compounds for oral therapy of MS, as a supplement to immunosuppressive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bourrié
- Department of Immunopharmacology, Sanofi Recherche, 371 rue du Pr. J. Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, France
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Li P, Matsunaga K, Yamamoto K, Yoshikawa R, Kawashima K, Ohizumi Y. Nardosinone, a novel enhancer of nerve growth factor in neurite outgrowth from PC12D cells. Neurosci Lett 1999; 273:53-6. [PMID: 10505650 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00629-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We isolated nardosinone as a neuritogenic substance from Nardostachys chinensis. Nardosinone did not exhibit the neurotrophic activity but caused a marked enhancement of the nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated neurite outgrowth from PC12D cells. Nardosinone-induced enhancement of the NGF-action was completely blocked by PD98059, a representative mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase inhibitor. The microscopic observations indicated that the neurites in response to nardosinone and NGF were quite long and were generally extended to the neighboring cells. These results suggest that nardosinone enhances the NGF-induced neurite outgrowth from PC12D cells probably by amplifying an up-stream step of MAPK kinase in the NGF receptor-mediated intracellular signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Bromberg MB. Ongoing trials in motor neurone disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 1999; 8:885-902. [PMID: 15992138 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.8.6.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Motor neurone disease (MND) is a group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders that cause disability from weakness and lead to death from respiratory failure. The pathophysiology of the several forms of MND is unknown, but recent advances have led to clinical trials of therapeutic agents based on an improved understanding of the pathologic processes. The design of clinical trials in MND is challenging, because an effective drug cannot restore strength, but rather slow the rate of progression. Measurement of progression poses difficulties, and an optimum end-point measure has not been determined. This article will include the clinical features of MND, present the leading hypotheses about causes as they relate to drug therapy, discuss factors to consider in selecting informative end-point measures, and will review past and current drug trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Bromberg
- University of Utah, Department of Neurology, 50 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA.
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Labie C, Lafon C, Marmouget C, Saubusse P, Fournier J, Keane PE, Le Fur G, Soubrié P. Effect of the neuroprotective compound SR57746A on nerve growth factor synthesis in cultured astrocytes from neonatal rat cortex. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 127:139-44. [PMID: 10369466 PMCID: PMC1566010 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotrophic factor promoting activity of the neuroprotective compound SR57746A was evaluated in primary cultures of neonatal rat cortical astrocytes by studying the synthesis of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A concentration- and time-dependent increase of nerve growth factor mRNA was induced by SR57746A (10 nM-1 microM). In these astrocytes, BDNF mRNA contents were increased to a significant but smaller extent, and beta-actin mRNA showed no variation. SR57746A (1 microM) induced increases of both de novo protein translation after 6 h of incubation and NGF release into the extracellular medium after 6-24 h. These effects were preceded by a transient augmentation of junB, c-fos and c-jun mRNA contents. These increases of AP-1 family mRNA were associated with increased nuclear AP-1 binding activity. The results show that SR57746A can increase the synthesis and release of NGF in rat cortical astrocytes. Such effects may contribute to the drug's previously described neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Labie
- Department of Neuropsychiatry Research, Sanofi Recherche, Toulouse, France.
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Hughes RA, O'Leary PD. Exploiting neurotrophic factors for the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions: An Australian perspective. Drug Dev Res 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2299(199903/04)46:3/4<268::aid-ddr12>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kato K, Hayako H, Ishihara Y, Marui S, Iwane M, Miyamoto M. TAK-147, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, increases choline acetyltransferase activity in cultured rat septal cholinergic neurons. Neurosci Lett 1999; 260:5-8. [PMID: 10027686 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
TAK-147, a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, potentiated choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in cultured rat septal cholinergic neurons in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC50 value of 4.47 nM. Donepezil, another potent AChE inhibitor, also increased ChAT activity although its potency was less than that of TAK-147. Other AChE inhibitors (rivastigmine, tacrine, physostigmine and neostigmine) showed no effect. The effects of TAK-147 were greater in the presence of NGF, suggesting a synergistic action of TAK-147 and NGF. TAK-147 and donepezil showed high affinity for sigma receptors, whereas tacrine and physostigmine did not. Haloperidol and ifenprodil, high-affinity sigma ligands, potently enhanced ChAT activity in the septal neurons. These results suggest that TAK-147 may have neurotrophic activity on central cholinergic neurons, not via AChE inhibition but possibly via an effect on tau receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kato
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories V, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
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Gill JS, Windebank AJ. Direct activation of the high-affinity nerve growth factor receptor by a non-peptide symmetrical polyanion. Neuroscience 1998; 87:855-60. [PMID: 9759973 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The high-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (gp140TrkA) is a tyrosine kinase receptor. The dimeric ligand, nerve growth factor, activates the receptor by stabilizing homodimer formation, which initiates transautophosphorylation. Suramin is a symmetrical planar polyanionic molecule which is being used as a novel experimental anti-neoplastic agent. Proposed mechanisms of the drug's anti-proliferative activity include blocking mitogenic stimulatory growth factors or inhibition of tumor-specific cellular enzymes. In PC12 cells and in dorsal root ganglion neurons, suramin has been shown to act as a partial agonist for gp140TrkA. We now demonstrate direct activation of gp140TrkA by suramin using in vitro protein kinase assays and receptor dimerization studies. Additionally, activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase by suramin and nerve growth factor was observed with 10-min exposure. The addition of anti-nerve growth factor antibodies along with suramin did not reduce the level of gp140TrkA phosphorylation, excluding induction of an autocrine loop of nerve growth factor release and activation. This demonstrates that a small polyanion can directly activate gp140TrkA via receptor dimerization. Our study reveals a suramin-induced homodimerization of gp140TrkA. This finding correlated with significant neurite outgrowth in naive PC12 cells exposed to the drug. Studies will be initiated to design structural analogs of suramin which possess neurotrophic properties with no associated neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Gill
- Molecular Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Pongrac JL, Rylett RJ. NGF-induction of the expression of ChAT mRNA in PC12 cells and primary cultures of embryonic rat basal forebrain. BRAIN RESEARCH. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 1998; 62:25-34. [PMID: 9795114 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(98)00215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in regulation of expression of the cholinergic phenotype. NGF was administered to PC12 cells or primary cultures of embryonic (E17) rat basal forebrain for 2 days, then steady-state levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) mRNA was monitored. Expression of ChAT mRNA isoforms was investigated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to amplify different upstream regions of the ChAT transcripts, and Southern blot analysis was used to verify identity of the PCR products. An NGF-induced increase of 1.8- and 1.5-fold in steady-state level of the ChAT transcript containing the M-exon (M-ChAT) was observed in PC12 cells and embryonic rat basal forebrain neurons, respectively. Also, a 2-fold increase in ChAT protein as determined by western blot analysis was associated with an NGF-mediated increase of 1.7-fold in ChAT activity in rat basal forebrain neurons within the same cultures following 4 days of NGF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Pongrac
- Department of Physiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Iwasaki Y, Shiojima T, Kinoshita M, Ikeda K. SR57746A: a survival factor for motor neurons in vivo. J Neurol Sci 1998; 160 Suppl 1:S92-6. [PMID: 9851657 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(98)00216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SR57746A(1-[2-(naphth-2-yl)ethy]]-4-(3-trifluoromethyl phenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine, hydrochloride) is a non-peptide compound which has been shown to exhibit a wide range of neurotrophic effects both in vitro and in vivo. Here we examine the ability of SR57746A on axotomized spinal motor neuron death in the developing rat spinal cord. After postnatal unilateral section of rat sciatic nerve, there was approximately a 50% survival of motor neurons in the fourth lumbar segment (L4). Intraperitoneal injection of SR57746A for consecutive 14 days rescued motor neuron death but did not preserve the motor neuron diameter both on axotomy and non-axotomy side. These results suggest that SR57746A is a survival factor for motor neurons in vivo and may serve as therapeutic agent for damaged motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Iwasaki
- The Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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