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Holt A. Conventional Receptor Radioligand Binding Techniques Applied to the Study of Monoamine Oxidase. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2558:75-96. [PMID: 36169857 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2643-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Designed to measure binding interactions between small molecules and receptor proteins, radioligand binding approaches may also be applied to interactions between monoamine oxidase (MAO) and its ligands. The technique may be used with tissue homogenates or with mitochondrial membranes and can provide information about binding site density, ligand affinity, binding rate constants, and binding events at sites that do not impact absorbance characteristics of the flavin cofactor and that may not be amenable to spectrophotometric studies. This overview describes the use of a cell harvester in a common filtration approach to measure binding to MAO of radiolabeled substrates, inhibitors, or allosteric ligands in saturation analyses and to take advantage of the principles of competition to obtain quantitative binding data for unlabeled ligands that may bind with much lower affinity. The quality and reproducibility of data are impacted by factors such as choice of ligand concentrations, pipetting technique, graphing and regression approaches, and scintillation counting parameters, and consideration is given to these and other factors that may influence the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Holt
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Medvedev A, Buneeva O. Tryptophan Metabolites as Mediators of Microbiota-Gut-Brain Communication: Focus on Isatin. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:922274. [PMID: 35846785 PMCID: PMC9280024 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.922274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Isatin (indole-2,3-dione) is an endogenous regulator, exhibiting various behavioral, biological, and pharmacological activities. Synthesis of isatin includes several crucial stages: cleavage of the tryptophan side chain and subsequent oxidation of the indole nucleus. Although these stages require concerted action of bacterial and host enzymes, there are two pathways of isatin formation: the host and bacterial pathways. Isatin acts as a neuroprotector in different experimental models of neurodegeneration. Its effects are realized via up- and downregulation of isatin-responsive genes and via interaction with numerous isatin-binding proteins identified in the brain. The effect of isatin on protein-protein interactions in the brain may be important for realization of weak inhibition of multiple receptor targets.
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Deepa A, Srinivasadesikan V, Lee SL, Padmini V. Highly selective detection of isatin using curcumin analogue and its application in real samples. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Jaglin M, Rhimi M, Philippe C, Pons N, Bruneau A, Goustard B, Daugé V, Maguin E, Naudon L, Rabot S. Indole, a Signaling Molecule Produced by the Gut Microbiota, Negatively Impacts Emotional Behaviors in Rats. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:216. [PMID: 29686603 PMCID: PMC5900047 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota produces a wide and diverse array of metabolites that are an integral part of the host metabolome. The emergence of the gut microbiome-brain axis concept has prompted investigations on the role of gut microbiota dysbioses in the pathophysiology of brain diseases. Specifically, the search for microbe-related metabolomic signatures in human patients and animal models of psychiatric disorders has pointed out the importance of the microbial metabolism of aromatic amino acids. Here, we investigated the effect of indole on brain and behavior in rats. Indole is produced by gut microbiota from tryptophan, through the tryptophanase enzyme encoded by the tnaA gene. First, we mimicked an acute and high overproduction of indole by injecting this compound in the cecum of conventional rats. This treatment led to a dramatic decrease of motor activity. The neurodepressant oxidized derivatives of indole, oxindole and isatin, accumulated in the brain. In addition, increase in eye blinking frequency and in c-Fos protein expression in the dorsal vagal complex denoted a vagus nerve activation. Second, we mimicked a chronic and moderate overproduction of indole by colonizing germ-free rats with the indole-producing bacterial species Escherichia coli. We compared emotional behaviors of these rats with those of germ-free rats colonized with a genetically-engineered counterpart strain unable to produce indole. Rats overproducing indole displayed higher helplessness in the tail suspension test, and enhanced anxiety-like behavior in the novelty, elevated plus maze and open-field tests. Vagus nerve activation was suggested by an increase in eye blinking frequency. However, unlike the conventional rats dosed with a high amount of indole, the motor activity was not altered and neither oxindole nor isatin could be detected in the brain. Further studies are required for a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms supporting indole effects on emotional behaviors. As our findings suggest that people whose gut microbiota is highly prone to produce indole could be more likely to develop anxiety and mood disorders, we addressed the issue of the inter-individual variability of indole producing potential in humans. An in silico investigation of metagenomic data focused on the tnaA gene products definitively proved this inter-individual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Jaglin
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Moez Rhimi
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Catherine Philippe
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nicolas Pons
- MetaGenoPolis, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aurélia Bruneau
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bénédicte Goustard
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Valérie Daugé
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laurent Naudon
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sylvie Rabot
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Medvedev A, Buneeva O, Gnedenko O, Ershov P, Ivanov A. Isatin, an endogenous nonpeptide biofactor: A review of its molecular targets, mechanisms of actions, and their biomedical implications. Biofactors 2018; 44:95-108. [PMID: 29336068 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Isatin (indole-2,3-dione) is an oxidized indole. It is widely distributed in mammalian tissues and body fluids, where isatin concentrations vary significantly from <0.1 to > 10 µM. Isatin output is increased under conditions of stress. Exogenously administered isatin is characterized by low toxicity, mutagenicity, and genotoxicity in vivo. Cytotoxic effects of isatin on various cell cultures are usually observed at concentrations exceeding 100 µM. Binding of [3 H]isatin to rat brain sections is consistent with its physiological concentrations. Proteomic analysis of mouse and rat brain isatin-binding proteins revealed about 90 individual proteins, which demonstrated significant interspecies differences (rat versus mouse). Certain evidence exist that redox state(s) and possibly other types of posttranslational modifications regulate affinity of target proteins to isatin. Recent data suggest that interacting with numerous intracellular isatin binding proteins, isatin can act as a regulator of complex protein networks in norm and pathology. Physiological concentrations of isatin in vitro inhibit monoamine oxidase B and natriuretic peptide receptor guanylate cyclase, higher (neuroprotective) concentrations (50-400 μM) cause apoptosis of various (including malignant tumor) cell lines and influence expression of certain apoptosis-related genes. Being administered in vivo, isatin exhibits various behavioral effects; it attenuates manifestations of MPTP-induced parkinsonism and tumor growth in experimental animal models. © 2017 BioFactors, 44(2):95-108, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Medvedev
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Buneeva
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana Gnedenko
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Ershov
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexis Ivanov
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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Effects and mechanism of action of isatin, a MAO inhibitor, on in vivo striatal dopamine release. Neurochem Int 2016; 99:147-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Are the Traditional Medical Uses of Muricidae Molluscs Substantiated by Their Pharmacological Properties and Bioactive Compounds? Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5237-75. [PMID: 26295242 PMCID: PMC4557022 DOI: 10.3390/md13085237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine molluscs from the family Muricidae hold great potential for development as a source of therapeutically useful compounds. Traditionally known for the production of the ancient dye Tyrian purple, these molluscs also form the basis of some rare traditional medicines that have been used for thousands of years. Whilst these traditional and alternative medicines have not been chemically analysed or tested for efficacy in controlled clinical trials, a significant amount of independent research has documented the biological activity of extracts and compounds from these snails. In particular, Muricidae produce a suite of brominated indoles with anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and steroidogenic activity, as well as choline esters with muscle-relaxing and pain relieving properties. These compounds could explain some of the traditional uses in wound healing, stomach pain and menstrual problems. However, the principle source of bioactive compounds is from the hypobranchial gland, whilst the shell and operculum are the main source used in most traditional remedies. Thus further research is required to understand this discrepancy and to optimise a quality controlled natural medicine from Muricidae.
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Ivanov AS, Medvedev AE. [Optical surface plasmon resonance biosensors in molecular fishing]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2015; 61:231-8. [PMID: 25978389 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20156102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An optical biosensor employing surface plasmon resonance is a highly efficient instrument applicable for direct real time registration of molecular interactions without additional use of any labels or coupled processes. As an independent approach it is especially effective in analysis of various ligand receptor interactions. SPR-biosensors are used for validation of studies on intermolecular interactions in complex biological systems (affinity profiling of various groups of proteins, etc.). Recently, potential application of the SPR-biosensor for molecular fishing (direct affinity binding of target molecules from complex biological mixtures on the optical biosensor surface followed by their elution for identification by LC-MS/MS) has been demonstrated. Using SPR-biosensors in such studies it is possible to solve the following tasks: (a) SPR-based selection of immobilization conditions required for the most effective affinity separation of a particular biological sample; (b) SPR-based molecular fishing for subsequent protein identification by mass spectrometry; (c) SPR-based validation of the interaction of identified proteins with immobilized ligand. This review considers practical application of the SPR technology in the context of recent studies performed in the Institute of Biomedical Chemistry on molecular fishing of real biological objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - A E Medvedev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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The effects of endogenous non-peptide molecule isatin and hydrogen peroxide on proteomic profiling of rat brain amyloid-β binding proteins: relevance to Alzheimer's disease? Int J Mol Sci 2014; 16:476-95. [PMID: 25551598 PMCID: PMC4307257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16010476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid-β peptide is considered as a key player in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although good evidence exists that amyloid-β accumulates inside cells, intracellular brain amyloid-binding proteins remain poorly characterized. Proteomic profiling of rat brain homogenates, performed in this study, resulted in identification of 89 individual intracellular amyloid-binding proteins, and approximately 25% of them were proteins that we had previously identified as specifically binding to isatin, an endogenous neuroprotector molecule. A significant proportion of the amyloid-binding proteins (more than 30%) are differentially expressed or altered/oxidatively modified in AD patients. Incubation of brain homogenates with 70 µM hydrogen peroxide significantly influenced the profile of amyloid-β binding proteins and 0.1 mM isatin decreased the number of identified amyloid-β binding proteins both in control and hydrogen peroxide treated brain homogenates. The effects of hydrogen peroxide and isatin have been confirmed in optical biosensor experiments with purified glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, one of the known crucial amyloid-β binding proteins (also identified in this study). Data obtained suggest that isatin protects crucial intracellular protein targets against amyloid binding, and possibly favors intracellular degradation of this protein via preventing formation of amyloid-β oligomers described in the literature for some isatin derivatives.
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Imanzadeh G, Soltanizadeh Z, Khodayari A, Zamanloo M, Mansoori Y, Salehzadeh J. Environmental Friendly Synthesis of Novel Isatin Ketal and Isatin Schiff Base Derivatives Using Michael Addition Reaction under Solvent-Free Conditions. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Telegdy G, Adamik A, Glover V. Antipyretic Action of Isatin and Its Analogues in Mice and Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/nm.2011.21001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Buneeva O, Gnedenko O, Fedchenko V, Ivanov A, Medvedev A. Interaction of human cytokeratins with isatin analogues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 56:138-45. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20105601138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Using an optical biosensor Biacore 3000 the interaction of human recombinant cytokeratins (CK) with isatin analogues (5-aminocaproyl-isatin and 5-aminoisatin) immobilized on the CM-5 chip has been investigated. CK-14 effectively interacted with 5-aminocaproyl-isatin immobilized on the carboxymethyl dextran chip surface, but not with a "shorter" analogue (5-aminoisatin). In contrast to CK14 CK8 effectively interacted only with 5-aminoisatin. In both cases cytokeratin binding with the immobilized isatin analogues was characterized by rather high affinity (Kd of 0.7 μM for the pair CK14/immobilized 5-aminocaproylisatin and 1.7 μM for the pair CK8/immobilized 5-aminoisatin). CK20 did not interact with both immobilized isatin analogues. Taking into consideration non-specific binding of mouse CK14 and rat CK8 with 5-aminocaproyl-Sepharose we have performed comparative analysis of amino acid sequences of human, mouse, and rat CK8 and CK14. The data obtained suggest that in the case of human, mouse, and rat CK14 the N-terminal domain is the most variable amoung these species, whereas the major differences between amino acid sequences of human, mouse, and rat CK8 have been found both in N-terminal and C-terminal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O.A. Buneeva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - O.V. Gnedenko
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - V.I. Fedchenko
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - A.S. Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - A.E. Medvedev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences
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Buneeva O, Gnedenko O, Zgoda V, Kopylov A, Glover V, Ivanov A, Medvedev A, Archakov A. Isatin-binding proteins of rat and mouse brain: Proteomic identification and optical biosensor validation. Proteomics 2009; 10:23-37. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Crumeyrolle-Arias M, Buneeva O, Zgoda V, Kopylov A, Cardona A, Tournaire MC, Pozdnev V, Glover V, Medvedev A. Isatin binding proteins in rat brain: In situ imaging, quantitative characterization of specific [3H]isatin binding, and proteomic profiling. J Neurosci Res 2009; 87:2763-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Pataki I, Mezei Z, Adamik A, Glover V, Gecse A, Telegdy G. In vivoeffects of isatin on rat platelet eicosanoids. Platelets 2009; 16:39-43. [PMID: 15763895 DOI: 10.1080/09537100400008034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To establish the possible influence of isatin (2,3-dioxo-indole) on the activity of platelets, the effects of isatin on platelet eicosanoid synthesis were studied in rats. Different doses (12.5-50 mg/kg) of isatin were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) and the effects on the arachidonate cascade of isolated platelets were investigated. Cells were labeled with [(14)C]arachidonic acid, then the eicosanoids were separated with overpressure thin-layer chromatography and were quantitatively determined with a liquid scintillation analyzer. The lipoxygenase pathway was significantly inhibited by isatin (50 mg/kg) treatment and also the overall activity of the arachidonate cascade was diminished; however, the cyclooxygenase system was significantly stimulated. A 50-mg/kg i.p. dose of isatin significantly increased the production of vasoconstrictor cyclooxygenase metabolites. Among the vasodilator cyclooxygenase products, the synthesis of PGE2 and PGD2 were significantly decreased while that of 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) increased upon isatin (50 mg/kg) administration. Our results provide further evidence on the peripheral actions of isatin and suggest that this endogenous indole may induce significant changes in the production of blood platelet arachidonic acid metabolites, which are important regulatory substances, thus isatin may potentially affect an even broader range of functions than was previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Pataki
- Department of Pathophysiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical and Pharmaceutical Center, University of Szeged, MTA-SZTE Neurohumoral Research Group, Semmelweis u. 1., Pf., 427 H6701 Szeged, Hungary
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Buneeva OA, Gnedenko OV, Medvedeva MV, Ivanov YD, Glover V, Medvedev AE. Interaction of pyruvate kinase with isatin and deprenyl. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750807020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zapata-Sudo G, Pontes LB, Gabriel D, Mendes TCF, Ribeiro NM, Pinto AC, Trachez MM, Sudo RT. Sedative–hypnotic profile of novel isatin ketals. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2007; 86:678-85. [PMID: 17382995 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2007.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2006] [Revised: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Isatin (1H-indol-2,3-dione) is an endogenous compound found in many tissues and fluids. Isatin and its derivatives exert pharmacological effects on the central nervous system, including anxiogenic, sedative and anticonvulsant activities. Two new groups of isatin derivatives were synthesized (nine dioxolane ketals and nine dioxane ketals) and studied for their sedative, hypnotic and anesthetic effects using pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, locomotor activity evaluation and intravenous infusion. The dioxolane ketals were more potent than dioxane ketals for inducing sedative-hypnotic states, causing up to a three-fold increase in pentobarbital hypnosis. The dioxolane ketals produced sedation, demonstrated by decreased spontaneous locomotor activity in an open field. Hypnosis and anesthesia were observed during intravenous infusion of 5'-chlorospiro-[1,3-dioxolane-2,3'-indolin]-2'-one (T3) in conscious Wistar rats. Complete recovery from hypnosis and anesthesia required 39.1+/-7.3 and 6.8+/-2.4 min, respectively. Changes in hemodynamic parameters after infusion of 5.0 mg/kg/min were minimal. These findings suggest that these new isatin derivatives represent potential candidates for the development of new drugs that act on the central nervous system and may lead to a new centrally acting anesthetic with no toxic effects on the cardiovascular or respiratory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Zapata-Sudo
- Departamento de Farmacologia Básica e Clínica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciên cias da Saúde, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Bloco J, Sala 14, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil.
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Crumeyrolle-Arias M, Medvedev A, Cardona A, Tournaire MC, Glover V. Endogenous oxidized indoles share inhibitory potency against [3H]isatin binding in rat brain. JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION. SUPPLEMENTUM 2007:29-34. [PMID: 17982874 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-73574-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Isatin is an endogenous oxidized indole that influences a range of processes in vivo and in vitro. It has a distinct and discontinuous distribution in the brain and [3H]isatin binding sites are widely distributed in rat brain sections. The highest labelling is found in hypothalamic nuclei and in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum (Crumeyrolle-Arias et al., 2003). However, the properties of most isatin binding sites and their physiological ligands remain unknown. In the present study the effects of three endogenous oxidized indoles (oxindole, 5-hyxdoxyoxindole, and isatin) on [3H]isatin binding were investigated in rat brain sections. In most regions cold isatin (0.2 mM) significantly reduced [3H]isatin binding. In addition to isatin, the other endogenous oxidized indoles, 5-hydroxyoxindole and oxindole were effective in displacing [3H]isatin. Total irreversible inhibition of monoamine oxidases caused inhibition of specific [3H]isatin binding in 7 of 10 brain region studied. This was accompanied by altered sensitivity of [3H]isatin binding to these indoles, including regions where a decrease of specific binding was not detected. The combinations of the three oxidized indoles produced two clear effects: augmentation (potentiation) and attenuation (blockade) of inhibitory activity compared with the independent effects of these compounds. The different effects of oxidized indoles and their combinations (isatin + 5-hydroxyoxindole and isatin + oxindole) in various brain regions therefore suggest an interaction of [(3H]isatin with different and multiple isatin-binding sites, which exhibit different sensitivity to endogenous oxidizing indoles.
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Abstract
(Indoledione 2,3) isatin is an endogenous indole found both in mammalian brain and peripheral tissues. Isatin concentration in blood can exceed 1 microM and tissue concentrations vary from < 0.1 to 10 microM. Its level in the brain and periphery is increased by stress. Isatin has a wide spectrum of behavioural and metabolic effects. It is anxiogenic at lower doses and sedative at higher doses. Its most potent known in vitro actions are as an antagonist of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) function and NO signaling. In this review, we discuss isatin and stress in animal models, the few human studies, and also what it is known to date about the molecular mechanisms of its action. We suggest the possibility that isatin and its analogues may be interesting new pharmacological agents; Isatin antagonists may be anxiolytic, and isatin agonists may activate the HPA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Medvedev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 10 Pogodinskaya street, Moscow, 119121, Russia
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Igosheva N, Lorz C, O'Conner E, Glover V, Mehmet H. Isatin, an endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitor, triggers a dose- and time-dependent switch from apoptosis to necrosis in human neuroblastoma cells. Neurochem Int 2005; 47:216-24. [PMID: 15876476 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2005.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2004] [Revised: 02/03/2005] [Accepted: 02/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Isatin is an endogenous indole that is increased in stress, inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO) B and improves bradykinesia and striatal dopamine levels in rat models of Parkinson's disease. Consequently, it has been suggested that isatin might be a possible treatment for Parkinson's disease although little is known about its effects on neural cell growth and survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival of dopaminergic human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells following treatment with increasing concentrations of isatin. SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to isatin for defined time points, after which cell survival was determined by MTT assay. A combination of Annexin V binding and propidium iodide (PI) exclusion was used to distinguish apoptosis from necrosis in flow cytometry experiments and FACS profiles of permeabilised PI-labelled cells were employed for the assessment of cell cycle distribution. Isatin treatment (1-400 microM) for 24h induced a significant dose-dependent increase in MTT metabolism by SH-SY5Y cells in culture, but this was not due to an increase in cell division. At the higher concentrations (200-400 microm) isatin triggered cell death, although MTT metabolism was still increased in the culture, suggesting that surviving cells were hypermetabolic. Following a longer (48 h) exposure, isatin was found to cause cell death in a dose-dependent manner; at lower concentrations (50 microM), the predominant mode of cell death was apoptosis while at the highest concentration (400 microm) increasing numbers of necrotic cells were also evident. Thus, in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells isatin induces cell death in dose- and time-dependent manner. This death occurred as a continuum of survival, apoptosis and necrosis. Our results re-emphasise that caution should be exercised when considering high doses of isatin as a putative anti-Parkinson's disease therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Igosheva
- Weston Laboratory, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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Medvedev A, Crumeyrolle-Arias M, Cardona A, Sandler M, Glover V. Natriuretic peptide interaction with [3H]isatin binding sites in rat brain. Brain Res 2005; 1042:119-24. [PMID: 15854583 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2004] [Revised: 02/02/2005] [Accepted: 02/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Isatin is an endogenous indole, which has a distinct and discontinuous distribution in the brain and exhibits a wide range of physiological and pharmacological effects. In the present study, we have demonstrated that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) inhibited [3H]isatin binding to rat brain sections and isolated membrane fractions. Isatin itself antagonised not only natriuretic peptide receptor type A (NPR-A) (ANP-stimulation of guanylyl cyclase) but also NPR-C (ANP and CNP mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase) signalling. These results suggest that some [3H]isatin binding in the brain may be to NPR-A and NPR-C. Competitive interactions between isatin and natriuretic peptides and their receptors give a possible explanation of the known anxiogenic effect of low doses of isatin, interacting at NPR-A, and the sedative effects of higher doses, antagonising respectively the anxiolytic effect of ANP and the anxiogenic effect of CNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Medvedev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., 19992 Moscow, Russia
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22
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Crumeyrolle-Arias M, Tournaire MC, Cane A, Launay JM, Barritault D, Medvedev A. Inhibition of brain mitochondrial monoamine oxidases by the endogenous compound 5-hydroxyoxindole. Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 67:977-9. [PMID: 15104251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2003.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
5-Hydroxyoxindole is a recently identified endogenous compound. Its physiological role remains unclear but certain evidence exists, that it may share some regulatory properties with isatin, a known endogenous inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) type B (MAO-B). In this study several oxidized indoles were tested for their in vitro inhibition of MAO type A (MAO-A) and B of rat brain non-synaptic mitochondria. 5-Hydroxyoxindole was less potent MAO-A inhibitor (IC50 56.8 microM) than isatin (31.8 microM) and especially 5-hydroxyisatin (6.5 microM), but it was the only highly selective MAO-A inhibitor among the all compounds studied (IC50 MAO-A:IC50 MAO-B = 0.044). Thus, the in vitro data suggest that MAO-A may represent potential target for 5-hydroxyoxindole.
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Igosheva N, Matta S, Glover V. Effect of acute stress and gender on isatin in rat tissues and serum. Physiol Behav 2004; 80:665-8. [PMID: 14984800 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2003.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2003] [Revised: 11/19/2003] [Accepted: 11/25/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Isatin is an endogenous indole present in mammalian tissues and fluids. This study was designed to test the effect of both acute stress (AS) and gender on isatin's levels in rat serum, heart and brain, using a HPLC-UV detection method. Basal brain isatin levels were higher in females than in males. AS resulted in increased isatin levels in male serum, heart and brain, and in female serum and heart, but not in the brain. The percentage increases were greater in males than in females in all three sources. After stress, there were significant correlations between isatin levels in the serum and the heart. However, there were no correlations between brain levels and those in the other sources. These results consolidate previous evidence that isatin levels are altered by stress and suggest that brain isatin is under separate control from that in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Igosheva
- Department of Biology, University of Saratov, Astrakhanskaya Str. 83, 410026 Saratov, Russia.
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