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Pietkiewicz P, Korecka K, Salwowska N, Kohut I, Adhikari A, Bowszyc-Dmochowska M, Pogorzelska-Antkowiak A, Navarrete-Dechent C. Porokeratoses-A Comprehensive Review on the Genetics and Metabolomics, Imaging Methods and Management of Common Clinical Variants. Metabolites 2023; 13:1176. [PMID: 38132857 PMCID: PMC10744643 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Porokeratosis is a heterogeneous group of keratinising disorders characterised by the presence of particular microscopic structural changes, namely the presence of the cornoid lamella. This structure develops as a consequence of a defective isoprenoid pathway, critical for cholesterol synthesis. Commonly recognised variants include disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, disseminated superficial porokeratosis, porokeratosis of Mibelli, palmoplantar porokeratosis (including porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris disseminata and punctate porokeratosis), linear porokeratosis, verrucous porokeratosis (also known as genitogluteal porokeratosis), follicular porokeratosis and porokeratoma. Apart from the clinical presentation and epidemiology of each variant listed, this review aims at providing up-to-date information on the precise genetic background, introduces imaging methods facilitating the diagnosis (conventional and ultraviolet-induced fluorescence dermatoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy and pathology), discusses their oncogenic potential and reviews the literature data on the efficacy of the treatment used, including the drugs directly targeting the isoprenoid-mevalonate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Pietkiewicz
- Dermatology Private Practice, 61-683 Poznan, Poland
- Polish Dermatoscopy Group, 61-683 Poznan, Poland; (K.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Korecka
- Polish Dermatoscopy Group, 61-683 Poznan, Poland; (K.K.); (N.S.)
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-356 Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Salwowska
- Polish Dermatoscopy Group, 61-683 Poznan, Poland; (K.K.); (N.S.)
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ihor Kohut
- Skin Health Center, 46027 Ternopil, Ukraine;
| | | | - Monika Bowszyc-Dmochowska
- Cutaneous Histopathology and Immunopathology Section, Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-356 Poznan, Poland;
| | | | - Cristian Navarrete-Dechent
- Melanoma and Skin Cancer Unit, Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
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Vargas-Mora P, Morgado-Carrasco D, Fustà-Novell X. Porokeratosis: A Review of its Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatment. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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3
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Vargas-Mora P, Morgado-Carrasco D, Fustà-Novell X. Porokeratosis: A Review of Its Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatment. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2020; 111:545-560. [PMID: 32401728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porokeratosis comprises a group of heterogeneous and uncommon acquired or congenital skin diseases of unknown origin characterized by a keratinization disorder resulting from abnormal clonal expansion of keratinocytes. Numerous genetic mutations are thought to be involved. These conditions are characterized histologically by the presence of a cornoid lamella. Clinical manifestations are variable, with localized, disseminated, and even eruptive forms. Porokeratosis has been associated with immunosuppression, ultraviolet radiation, and systemic, infectious, and neoplastic diseases. Many authors consider it to be a premalignant condition because of the potential for malignant transformation to squamous cell or basal cell carcinoma. Therefore, long-term follow-up is a key component of treatment, which is usually complex and often unsatisfactory. We review the latest advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment and propose a treatment algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vargas-Mora
- Departamento de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - D Morgado-Carrasco
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, España.
| | - X Fustà-Novell
- Servicio de Dermatología, Althaia, Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, España
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Zhu T, Tian D, Zhang L, Xu X, Xia K, Hu Z, Xiong Z, Tan J. Novel mutations in mevalonate kinase cause disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:304-313. [PMID: 30597534 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Zhu
- Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - D. Tian
- Department of Stomatology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - L. Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology the Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - X. Xu
- The Reproductive Medicine Hospital of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - K. Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Z. Hu
- Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Z. Xiong
- The Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - J. Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics School of Life Sciences Central South University Changsha Hunan China
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Abstract
Porokeratosis is an uncommon disorder of keratinization that presents with keratotic papules or annular plaques that expand centrifugally with a thread-like elevated border. A distinctive histologic structure, the cornoid lamella, is diagnostic of this disorder and consists of a column of parakeratosis with the absence of the granular layer and dyskeratotic cells in the upper spinous zone. Porokeratosis confined to the genitogluteal region is rare and may be subclassified into three types, namely, classical porokeratosis on the genital region, ptychotropic porokeratosis most often seen in the natal cleft and buttocks and penoscrotal porokeratosis that is seen on the penis and adjacent scrotal skin in young men in their third decade of life. Genitogluteal porokeratosis is usually pruritic and may be undiagnosed for several years as it does not resemble classical porokeratosis in many cases; however, a biopsy is diagnostic. In general, response of genital porokeratosis to any modality of treatment is disappointing. No malignant changes have hereto been reported in porokeratosis restricted to the genitogluteal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Joshi
- Department of Dermatology, P. D. Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Khushboo Minni
- Department of Dermatology, Mumbai Port Trust Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Deng H, Deng S, Xu H, Deng HX, Chen Y, Yuan L, Deng X, Yang S, Guan L, Zhang J, Yuan H, Guo Y. Exome Sequencing of a Pedigree Reveals S339L Mutation in the TLN2 Gene as a Cause of Fifth Finger Camptodactyly. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155180. [PMID: 27223613 PMCID: PMC4880340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Camptodactyly is a digit deformity characterized by permanent flexion contracture of one or both fifth fingers at the proximal interphalangeal joints. Though over 60 distinct types of syndromic camptodactyly have been described, only one disease locus (3q11.2-q13.12) for nonsyndromic camptodactyly has been identified. To identify the genetic defect for camptodactyly in a four-generation Chinese Han family, exome and Sanger sequencings were conducted and a missense variant, c.1016C>T (p.S339L), in the talin 2 gene (TLN2) was identified. The variant co-segregated with disease in the family and was not observed in 12 unaffected family members or 1,000 normal controls, suggesting that p.S339L is a pathogenic mutation. Two asymptomatic carriers in the family indicated incomplete penetrance or more complicated compensated mechanism. Most of p.S339L carriers also have relatively benign cardiac phenotypes. Expression of wild and mutant TLN2 in HEK293 cells suggested the predominant localization in cytoplasm. Our data suggest a potential molecular link between TLN2 and camptodactyly pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Han-Xiang Deng
- Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Yulan Chen
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lamei Yuan
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiong Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shengbo Yang
- Department of Dermatology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liping Guan
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Information Security and Big Data Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Liu Y, Wang J, Qin Y, Huang C, Archacki S, Ma J, Li D, Liu M. Identification of three mutations in the MVK gene in six patients associated with disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 454:124-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Znamenskaya LF, Chikin VV, Kappusheva IA, Kondrasheva VV. ISSEMINATED SUPERFICIAL ACTINIC POROKERATOSIS IN PATIENT SUFFERING FROM PLAQUE PSORIASIS: A CASE REPORT. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2015. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2015-91-5-91-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) in patient suffering from plaque psoriasis treated by PUVA therapy was presented. DSAP is a rare skin disease developing in the result of keratosis disorder caused by solar radiation and appearing as clearly localized ringed or line plates. As patients with DSAP are sensitive to solar radiation, phototherapy is contraindicated for them. In this regard, subcutaneous injections of Methotrexate 10 mg once a week were prescribed to a patient suffering from psoriasis. Psoriatic rashes were regressed after the second injection, instead of them DSAP rashes remained.
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Abstract
Porokeratosis is a disorder of keratinization characterized by an abnormal cornoid lamella surrounding an annular, scaly plaque with an atrophic center. A histologic variant of this condition has been proposed, termed follicular porokeratosis, in cases where follicular involvement was contiguous with an annular cornoid lamella. There has been only 1 report of punctate follicular porokeratosis, in which cornoid lamellae originated exclusively from hair follicles with no associated annular plaque. The authors present the second case of punctate follicular porokeratosis, further supporting the contention that this entity is a unique form of porokeratosis rather than a histologic variant. A 56-year-old African American female presented to the dermatology clinic with a 3-month history of keratotic lesions localized on the right posterior shoulder. Examination revealed an area of perifollicular keratotic papules, each surrounded by an erythematous rim. Histopathology revealed a cornoid lamella originating within a hair follicle, with the parakeratotic column protruding through the follicular orifice. The static nature of the condition along with exclusive involvement of hair follicles supports the notion of punctate follicular porokeratosis as a distinct clinical entity. The diagnosis of this condition relies heavily on proper histopathologic sampling revealing punctate follicular cornoid lamellae.
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Xu Y, Fu X, Yang B, Liu H, Zhang F. A novel MVK gene mutation in a Chinese patient with disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. DERMATOL SIN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsi.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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11
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Cui H, Li L, Wang W, Shen J, Yue Z, Zheng X, Zuo X, Liang B, Gao M, Fan X, Yin X, Shen C, Yang C, Zhang C, Zhang X, Sheng Y, Gao J, Zhu Z, Lin D, Zhang A, Wang Z, Liu S, Sun L, Yang S, Cui Y, Zhang X. Exome sequencing identifies SLC17A9 pathogenic gene in two Chinese pedigrees with disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. J Med Genet 2014; 51:699-704. [PMID: 25180256 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterised by annular lesions that has an atrophic centre and a prominent peripheral ridge distributed on sun exposed area. It exhibits high heterogeneity, and five linkage loci have been reported. The mevalonate kinase (MVK) gene located on 12q24 has been confirmed as one of the disease-causing genes. But, the pathogenesis of a large part of DSAP remains unclear so far. METHODS The recruited with DSAP carried no MVK coding mutations. Exome sequencing was performed in two affected and one unaffected individual in Family 1. Cosegregation of the candidate variants was tested in other family members. Sanger sequencing in 33 individuals with familial DSAP and 19 sporadic DSAP individuals was performed for validating the causative gene. RESULTS An average of 1.35×10(5) variants were generated from exome data and 133 novel NS/SS/indels were identified as being shared by two affected individuals but absent in the unaffected individual. After functional prediction, 25 possible deleterious variants were identified. In Family 1, a missense variant c.932G>A (p.Arg311Gln) in exon 10 of SLC17A9 was observed in cosegregation with the phenotype; this amino acid substitution was located in a highly conserved major facilitator superfamily (MFS) domain in multiple mammalian. One additional missense variant c.25C>T (p.Arg9Cys) in exon 2 of SLC17A9 was found in Family 2. CONCLUSIONS The result identified SLC17A9 as another pathogenic gene for DSAP, which suggests a correlation between the aberrant vesicular nucleotide transporter and the pathogenesis of DSAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhou Cui
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China Department of Dermatology at No.2 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Longnian Li
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen Yue
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xianbo Zuo
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Min Gao
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Changbing Shen
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Change Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yujun Sheng
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jinping Gao
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Da Lin
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Anping Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zaixing Wang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shengxiu Liu
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liangdan Sun
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China Department of Dermatology at No.2 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Dermatology, Ministry of National Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
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12
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A novel MVK missense mutation in one Chinese family with disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:7229-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Zhou M, Xie H, Chen M, Jian D, Liu F, Chen X, Shen N, Si N, Li J. A novel mutation for disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis in theMVKgene. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:427-9. [PMID: 25053464 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.S. Zhou
- Department of Dermatology; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - H.F. Xie
- Department of Dermatology; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - M.L. Chen
- Department of Dermatology; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - D. Jian
- Department of Dermatology; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - F.F. Liu
- Department of Dermatology; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - X. Chen
- Department of Dermatology; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - N. Shen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - N. Si
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - J. Li
- Department of Dermatology; Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
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14
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Gu CY, Zhang CF, Chen LJ, Xiang LH, Zheng ZZ. Clinical analysis and etiology of porokeratosis. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:737-741. [PMID: 25120591 PMCID: PMC4113647 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed in order to define the clinical manifestations of porokeratosis, with particular emphasis on genital porokeratosis. A total of 55 cases of porokeratosis were retrospectively reviewed between 2000 and 2007 from Huashan Hospital (Shanghai, China). Out of 55 cases, there were 22 cases of porokeratosis of Mibelli, 17 cases of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP), 15 cases of disseminated superficial porokeratosis and one case of linear porokeratosis. The ratio of males to females was 39:16. Among them, 12 cases had a family history of porokeratosis. During the five-year follow-up period, no malignant transformation was observed and no further aggravation of lesions was detected. The results indicated that the initial region of DSAP in the Chinese population may differ from Caucasians. In combination with other studies, the present study found that genital porokeratosis in the Chinese population is often associated with pruritus. Since no recurrence was observed in cases treated with surgical excision, it was suggested that surgical excision is a viable treatment strategy and should be used for porokeratotic lesions if possible. In addition, regular follow-ups are required, since the aggravation of porokeratosis may cause the development of malignancy transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ying Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fu Dan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Feng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fu Dan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Jun Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fu Dan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Lei-Hong Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fu Dan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fu Dan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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Zeng K, Zhang QG, Li L, Duan Y, Liang YH. Splicing mutation in MVK is a cause of porokeratosis of Mibelli. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 306:749-55. [PMID: 24781643 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Porokeratosis is a chronic skin disorder characterized by the presence of patches with elevated, thick, keratotic borders, with histological cornoid lamella. Classic porokeratosis of Mibelli (PM) frequently appears in childhood with a risk of malignant transformation. Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is the most common subtype of porokeratosis with genetic heterogeneities, and mevalonate kinase gene (MVK) mutations have been identified in minor portion of DSAP families of Chinese origin. To confirm the previous findings about MVK mutations in DSAP patients and test MVK's role(s) in PM development, we performed genomic sequence analysis for 3 DSAP families and 1 PM family of Chinese origin. We identified a splicing mutation of MVK gene, designated as c.1039+1G>A, in the PM family. No MVK mutations were found in three DSAP families. Sequence analysis for complementary DNA templates from PM lesions of all patients revealed a mutation at splice donor site of intron 10, designated as c.1039+1G>A, leading to the splicing defect and termination codon 52 amino acids after exon 10. Although no MVK mutations in DSAP patients were found as reported previously, we identified MVK simultaneously responsible for PM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
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Zhou Y, Liu J, Fu X, Yu Y, Shi B, Yu G, Shi Z, Wu W, Pan F, Tian H, Liu H, Zhang F. Identification of three novel frameshift mutations of the MVK gene in four Chinese families with disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. Br J Dermatol 2014; 169:193-5. [PMID: 23834120 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Dai J, Chen M, Fu X, Yu Y, Shi Z, Yu C, Wang G, Tian H, Liu H, Zhang F. Mutation analysis of the MVK gene in Chinese patients with disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 72:320-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Riad H, Mansour K, Sada HA, Shaika SA, Ansari HA, Mohannadi HA. Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis on the face treated with imiquimod 5% cream. Case Rep Dermatol 2013; 5:283-9. [PMID: 24403891 PMCID: PMC3884169 DOI: 10.1159/000355180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Porokeratoses are a group of hereditary or acquired disorders characterized by annular lesions with an atrophic center and a prominent peripheral ridge. Pathologically, porokeratosis is characterized by the presence of abnormal clones of keratinocytes that form a column of parakeratotic cells, called the cornoid lamella. Fifteen percent of patients of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) have facial lesions; other regions like the extensor surface of extremities constitute the majority of reported cases. Exclusively facial lesions are probably less frequent. Rarely, actinic porokeratosis is confined to the nose only. Of reported porokeratosis cases, 7.5% have revealed a malignancy arising within the lesion. We present a case of facial sporadic DSAP that was treated with imiquimod 5% cream in conjunction with a regular sunscreen. Follow-up of this case is important to rule out the possibility of malignant transformation of the lesions.
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Marque M, Meunier L. Porokératoses. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2012; 139:668-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2012.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Zhang SQ, Jiang T, Li M, Zhang X, Ren YQ, Wei SC, Sun LD, Cheng H, Li Y, Yin XY, Hu ZM, Wang ZY, Liu Y, Guo BR, Tang HY, Tang XF, Ding YT, Wang JB, Li P, Wu BY, Wang W, Yuan XF, Hou JS, Ha WW, Wang WJ, Zhai YJ, Wang J, Qian FF, Zhou FS, Chen G, Zuo XB, Zheng XD, Sheng YJ, Gao JP, Liang B, Li P, Zhu J, Xiao FL, Wang PG, Cui Y, Li H, Liu SX, Gao M, Fan X, Shen SK, Zeng M, Sun GQ, Xu Y, Hu JC, He TT, Li YR, Yang HM, Wang J, Yu ZY, Zhang HF, Hu X, Yang K, Wang J, Zhao SX, Zhou YW, Liu JJ, Du WD, Zhang L, Xia K, Yang S, Wang J, Zhang XJ. Exome sequencing identifies MVK mutations in disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. Nat Genet 2012; 44:1156-60. [PMID: 22983302 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is an autosomal dominantly inherited epidermal keratinization disorder whose etiology remains unclear. We performed exome sequencing in one unaffected and two affected individuals from a DSAP family. The mevalonate kinase gene (MVK) emerged as the only candidate gene located in previously defined linkage regions after filtering against existing SNP databases, eight HapMap exomes and 1000 Genomes Project data and taking into consideration the functional implications of the mutations. Sanger sequencing in 57 individuals with familial DSAP and 25 individuals with sporadic DSAP identified MVK mutations in 33% and 16% of these individuals (cases), respectively. All 14 MVK mutations identified in our study were absent in 676 individuals without DSAP. Our functional studies in cultured primary keratinocytes suggest that MVK has a role in regulating calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation and could protect keratinocytes from apoptosis induced by type A ultraviolet radiation. Our results should help advance the understanding of DSAP pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Quan Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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21
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Cao HM, Wang ZY, Zhang GW, Liu CF, Pan CM, Zhao SX, Song ZY, Song HD, Zhang L. Identification of a locus (DSP2) for disseminated superficial porokeratosis at chromosome 12q21.2-24.21. Clin Exp Dermatol 2012; 37:672-6. [PMID: 22680787 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2012.04380.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Porokeratosis is a rare disorder of epidermal keratinization that is characterized by the presence of a border called the cornoid lamella. Disseminated superficial porokeratosis (DSP) is a subtype of porokeratosis, which is inherited as an autosomal trait. The first locus for DSP was localized to chromosome 18p11.3, but no causative gene has yet been identified. In this study, we recruited and analysed a large six-generation Chinese family with autosomal dominant DSP. The genome-wide screening identified a maximum two-point LOD score of 3.06 at θ = 0.00 with the microsatellite marker D12S78. Fine mapping and haplotype analysis defined a critical region of 38 Mb between D12S326 and D12S79 on chromosome 12q21.2-24.21, which is a probable second locus identified for DSP (DSP2). We sequenced 50 candidate genes in this region, but no causative mutation was found. This study provides a map location for isolation of a gene causing DSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Cao
- Ruijin Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Molecular Medicine Center, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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A novel locus for disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis maps to chromosome 16q24.1-24.3. Hum Genet 2010; 129:329-34. [PMID: 21161278 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-010-0929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is an uncommon autosomal dominant keratinization disorder with genetic heterogeneity characterized by multiple superficial keratotic lesions surrounded by a slightly raised keratotic border. Thus far, there have been three susceptible loci determined for DSAP and one locus for disseminated superficial porokeratosis (DSP), i.e. 12q23.2-24.1, 15q25.1-26.1, 1p31.3-p31.1 and 18p11.3. Moreover, the locus for porokeratosis palmaris plantaris et disseminata (PPPD) was mapped to 12q24.1-24.2, which overlapped with the first DSAP locus. Following the exclusion of these known loci in a four-generation Chinese DSAP family, we performed a genome-wide linkage analysis and identified a new locus on chromosome 16q24.1-24.3. The maximum two-point LOD score of 3.73 was obtained with the marker D16S3074 at a recombination fraction θ of 0.00. Haplotype analysis defined the critical 17.4-cM region for DSAP between D16S3091 and D16S413. This is regarded to be the forth locus for DSAP (DSAP4). ATP2C1 was sequenced as a candidate gene, however, no mutation was found. Further investigation for the genetic basis of DSAP is under way.
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Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis co-existing with linear and verrucous porokeratosis in an elderly woman: Update on the genetics and clinical expression of porokeratosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 63:886-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Skupsky H, Skupsky J, Goldenberg G. Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis: a treatment review. J DERMATOL TREAT 2010; 23:52-6. [PMID: 20964569 DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2010.495381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is a chronic disorder of keratinization characterized by numerous papules and plaques distributed over sun-exposed sites. Treatments are poorly standardized and several investigational therapies have demonstrated limited success in treating DSAP. To our knowledge, there have been no systematic reviews of the literature regarding the treatment of this disease. Herein, we review recent studies pertaining to the treatment of DSAP and evaluate the level of evidence for each of these therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Skupsky
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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26
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Löhrer R, Neumann-Acikel A, Eming R, Hartmann K, Rasokat H, Krieg T, Happle R, Eming S. A case of linear porokeratosis superimposed on disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. Case Rep Dermatol 2010; 2:130-4. [PMID: 21399730 PMCID: PMC3052290 DOI: 10.1159/000319708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a female patient with linear porokeratosis of her right arm since childhood. At the age of 67 years she additionally developed disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) involving both lower legs. This uncommon coexistence of two different types of porokeratosis fulfils the clinical criteria of a type 2 segmental manifestation of an autosomal dominant skin disorder, being superimposed on the ordinary nonsegmental lesions and reflecting loss of heterozygosity that occurred at an early developmental stage. In DSAP molecular evidence of this concept is so far lacking, but such proof has already been provided in several other autosomal dominant skin disorders. Molecular analysis of cases of type 2 segmental involvement may help elucidate the genetic defect causing DSAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Löhrer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Boiy A, de Witte PAM, Roelandts R. Topical treatment of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis with hypericin—photodynamic therapy: A case report. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2010; 7:123-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Boiy
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, K.U.Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Goulding JMR, Teoh JK, Carr RA, Humphreys F, Gee BC. Eruptive disseminated superficial porokeratosis with rapid resolution: a drug-induced phenomenon? Clin Exp Dermatol 2009; 34:895-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.03119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mehta V, Balachandran C. Simultaneous co-occurrence of porokeratosis of Mibelli with disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. Indian J Dermatol 2009; 54:390-1. [PMID: 20101350 PMCID: PMC2807725 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.57625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Mehta
- From the Department of Skin and STD, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka - 576 104, India. E-mail:
| | - C Balachandran
- From the Department of Skin and STD, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka - 576 104, India. E-mail:
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Zhang ZH, Wang ZM, Crosby ME, Wang HF, Xiang LH, Luan J, Gu CY, Zhou J, Niu ZM, Fang X, Huang W, Zheng ZZ. Gene expression profiling of porokeratosis. J Cutan Pathol 2008; 35:1058-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2008.01026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Identification of a genetic locus for autosomal dominant disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis on chromosome 1p31.3–p31.1. Hum Genet 2008; 123:507-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-008-0504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Accepted: 04/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Frank J, van Steensel MAM, van Geel M. Lack of SSH1 mutations in Dutch patients with disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis: is there really an association? Hum Mutat 2008; 28:1241-2; author reply 1243-4. [PMID: 17621637 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Palleschi GM, Torchia D. Porokeratosis of Mibelli and superficial disseminated porokeratosis. J Cutan Pathol 2008; 35:253-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2007.00787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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34
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Shen Y, Xu Q, Han Z, Liu H, Zhou GB. Analysis of phenotype-genotype connection: the story of dissecting disease pathogenesis in genomic era in China, and beyond. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2007; 362:1043-61. [PMID: 17327209 PMCID: PMC2435570 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA is the ultimate depository of biological complexity. Thus, in order to understand life and gain insights into disease pathogenesis, genetic information embedded in the sequence of DNA base pairs comprising chromosomes should be deciphered. The stories of investigating the association between phenotype and genotype in China and other countries further demonstrate that genomics can serve as a probe for disease biology. We now know that in Mendelian disorders, one gene is not only a dictator of one phenotype but also a dictator of two or more distinct disorders. Dissecting genetic abnormalities of complex diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, mental diseases, coronary heart disease and cancer, may unravel the complicated networks and crosstalks, and help to simplify the complexity of the disease. The transcriptome and proteomic analysis for medicine not only deepen our understanding of disease pathogenesis, but also provide novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Taken together, genomic research offers a new opportunity for determining how diseases occur, by taking advantage of experiments of nature and a growing array of sophisticated research tools to identify the molecular abnormalities underlying disease processes. We should be ready for the advent of genomic medicine, and put the genome into the doctors' bag, so that we can help patients to conquer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences100005 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Chinese National Human Genome Center at Beijing100176 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Authors for correspondence () ()
| | - Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences100005 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeguang Han
- Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai201203 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology200025 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Biao Zhou
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences510663 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Authors for correspondence () ()
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Zhang Z, Niu Z, Wang Y, Huang W. Association ofSSH1 mutations with disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis in Chinese pedigrees (response to Frank et al.). Hum Mutat 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.20585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Zhang ZH, Huang W, Niu ZM, Liu WD, Xiang LH, Yuan WT, Zhao JJ, Gu CY, Chai B, Jiang FX, Zhang J, Xu SJ, Zheng ZZ. Two closely linked variations in actin cytoskeleton pathway in a Chinese pedigree with disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 52:972-6. [PMID: 15928614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is an uncommon autosomal dominant chronic keratinization disorder, characterized by multiple superficial keratotic lesions surrounded by a slightly raised keratotic border. Recently, SSH1 was identified as the DSAP candidate gene. OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to determine the locus of DSAP and identify the candidate gene(s) of the disease. METHODS Genome-wide scanning and linkage analysis were performed in a 6-generation Chinese family with DSAP. The coding exons and promoter region of the candidate genes were screened for the nucleotide variations. RESULTS A missense mutation (p.Ser63Asn) in SSH1 and a variation (dbSNP3759383: G>A) in the promoter region of ARPC3 were closely linked with DSAP in the pedigree. CONCLUSION Both SSH1 and ARPC3 are involved in the actin cytoskeleton pathway and interacted with adherent junctions in the epidermal cells. We suggested that cytoskeleton disorganization in epidermal cells was likely associated with the pathogenesis of DSAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hua Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Hua Shan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fu Dan University, Shanghai, PR China
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38
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Teixeira SP, Nascimento MM, Bagatin E, Hassun KM, Talarico S, Michalany N. The Use of Fluor-Hydroxy Pulse Peel in Actinic Porokeratosis. Dermatol Surg 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2005.31913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Zhang ZH, Niu ZM, Yuan WT, Zhao JJ, Jiang FX, Zhang J, Chai B, Cui F, Chen W, Lian CH, Xiang LH, Xu SJ, Liu WD, Zheng ZZ, Huang W. A mutation in SART3 gene in a Chinese pedigree with disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152:658-63. [PMID: 15840095 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is an uncommon autosomal dominant chronic disorder of keratinization, characterized by multiple superficial keratotic lesions surrounded by a slightly raised keratotic border. Thus far, although two loci for DSAP have been identified, and the genetic basis and pathogenesis of this disorder have not been elucidated. OBJECTIVES To determine the locus of DSAP and identify the candidate gene(s) of the disease. METHODS Genome-wide scan and linkage analysis were performed in a six-generation Chinese family with DSAP. The coding exons of the candidate genes were sequenced to analyse and detect the nucleotide variations. RESULTS Linkage analysis showed that the maximum two-point lod score of 5.56 was obtained with the marker D12S79 at a recombination fraction theta of 0.00. Haplotype analysis defined the critical region for DSAP between D12S330 and D12S1612 on 12q24.1-24.2. By sequence analysis, we found a Val591Met mutation in SART3 in all affected individuals of the family. CONCLUSION SART3 is a candidate gene for DSAP, and is possibly involved in the pathogenesis of DSAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
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40
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Wei S, Yang S, Lin D, Li M, Zhang X, Bu L, Zheng G, Hu L, Kong X, Zhang X. A Novel Locus for Disseminated Superficial Porokeratosis Maps to Chromosome 18p11.3. J Invest Dermatol 2004; 123:872-5. [PMID: 15482473 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.23455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated superficial porokeratosis (DSP) is a rare autosomal dominant epidermal keratinization disorder of lesions characterized by cornoid lamella with parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, and loss of granular layers. The genetic basis for this disease is unknown. Through a proband with a diagnosis of DSP, we identified a large four-generation Chinese family with multiple DSP-affected members from Anhui province in China. After excluding the linkage of the disease phenotype to two known loci for disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis in this family, we performed a genome-wide linkage analysis using 387 microsatellite markers and identified a novel disease locus for DSP at 18p11.3. Our subsequent fine mapping and haplotype analyses further narrowed down the disease locus into an 18.7 cM region between the telomere and D18S391 with a maximum two-point LOD (logarithm of the odds) score of 4.82 (theta =0.00) at D18S1138. Therefore, this study provides strong linkage evidence for a DSP locus at 18p11.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengcai Wei
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Zhang B, Xia K, Ding M, Liang D, Liu Z, Pan Q, Hu Z, Wu LQ, Cai F, Xia J. Confirmation and refinement of a genetic locus of congenital motor nystagmus in Xq26.3-q27.1 in a Chinese family. Hum Genet 2004; 116:128-31. [PMID: 15517395 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-004-1188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2004] [Accepted: 08/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Congenital motor nystagmus (CMN), a subtype of nystagmus, may reduce vision or be associated with other, more serious, conditions that limit vision. The genetic basis for CMN is still unknown. To identify a locus for CMN, genotyping and linkage analysis were performed in 22 individuals from a Chinese family with X-linked CMN using markers from X chromosome. The maximum LOD score obtained for microsatellite maker DXS1192 linked the CMN locus in this family to Xq. By haplotype construction the locus for CMN was finally localized to an approximately 4.4-cM region at chromosome Xq26.3-q27.1. The SLC9A6 and FGF13 genes in this region, were selected and screened for mutation in this family, but no mutation was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology of Second Hospital, Affiliated Zhejiang University, 310009 Hangzhou, China.
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Wu LQ, Yang YF, Zheng D, Deng H, Pan Q, Zhao TL, Cai F, Feng Y, Long ZG, Dai HP, Tang BS, Yang YJ, Deng HX, Xia K, Xia JH. Confirmation and refinement of a genetic locus for disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP1) at 12q23.2-24.1. Br J Dermatol 2004; 150:999-1004. [PMID: 15149516 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05912.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study has identified two loci for disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP), but the genes responsible are still unknown. OBJECTIVES To narrow down the candidate regions and to assess candidate genes. METHODS A genome-wide scan and linkage analysis were carried out in a newly collected five-generation Chinese family with DSAP. In addition, six candidate genes were screened for possible DSAP-associated mutations. RESULTS DSAP in this family was associated with chromosome 12q. Fine mapping and haplotype construction refined the DSAP1 locus to a 4.4-cM interval. No disease-associated mutation was detected in CRY1, C4ST1, TXNRD1, HCF2, CMKLR1 or KIAA0789 genes. CONCLUSIONS The DSAP1 locus was localized to a 4.4-cM interval at chromosome 12q23.2-24.1. CRY1, C4ST1, TXNRD1, HCF2, CMKLR1 and KIAA0789 genes were not associated with DSAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Q Wu
- National Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
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D'Errico M, Teson M, Calcagnile A, Corona R, Didona B, Meschini R, Zambruno G, Dogliotti E. Characterization of the ultraviolet B and X-ray response of primary cultured epidermal cells from patients with disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. Br J Dermatol 2004; 150:47-55. [PMID: 14746616 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is the most common porokeratosis and is characterized by multiple keratotic lesions which tend to occur at sun-exposed sites. A mild hypersensitivity to X-rays has been reported for DSAP-derived fibroblasts and frequent over-expression of p53 has been found in lesional epidermis. OBJECTIVES In order to clarify whether genome maintenance mechanisms might be compromised in this disease the following approaches were undertaken: (i) primary cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts from DSAP patients were characterized for ultraviolet (UV) B and X-ray response; (ii) 15 lesions were studied for p53 mutations, and (iii) the differentiation status of DSAP-derived keratinocytes was evaluated. METHODS Primary cultures of keratinocytes and fibroblasts were established from lesional and nonlesional skin biopsies of two subjects with DSAP. p53 mutations were analysed by DNA sequencing of the conserved region of the TP53 gene. Differentiation was evaluated both in stratified epithelial sheets from confluent keratinocyte cultures and in organotypic skin cultures. RESULTS The cytotoxic and apoptotic response to UVB or X-irradiation was similar in DSAP-derived keratinocytes and fibroblasts when compared with normal cells. Two of 15 lesions examined presented p53 mutations located at nondipyrimidine sites. A strikingly decreased expression of filaggrin was observed both in reconstructed epidermis and in reconstructed skin. CONCLUSIONS The UVB and X-ray response of DSAP-derived keratinocytes and fibroblasts indicates that the actinic character of this skin pathology is not due to radiation hypersensitivity. In agreement with this finding, mutations in the p53 gene, which are often associated with UV-related skin carcinogenesis, were rarely detected in DSAP lesions and were not UV-specific. Reconstructed epidermis and reconstructed skin models successfully reproduced the main features of this genodermatosis, showing that DSAP-derived keratinocytes bear an inherent defect in the terminal differentiation programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D'Errico
- Laboratory of Comparative Toxicology and Ecotoxicology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Terranova M, Amato L, Massi D, Fabbri P. Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis in a patient with Sjögren syndrome. Skinmed 2003; 2:390-1. [PMID: 14673257 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-9740.2003.02261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Terranova
- The Department of Dermatological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Wei SC, Yang S, Li M, Song YX, Zhang XQ, Bu L, Zheng GY, Kong XY, Zhang XJ. Identification of a locus for porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris disseminata to a 6.9-cM region at chromosome 12q24.1-24.2. Br J Dermatol 2003; 149:261-7. [PMID: 12932230 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05461.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris disseminata (PPPD) is a rare autosomal dominant dyskeratotic disorder characterized by a cornoid lamella with parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis and loss of granular layers. The genetic basis of this disease is still unknown. Two loci for disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) were found to be located on 12q23.2-24.1 and 15q25.1-26.1. Both PPPD and DSAP are disseminated types of porokeratosis. OBJECTIVES To locate the locus for PPPD, thereby facilitating the identification of this disease gene and leading to an understanding of the pathogenesis of porokeratosis. METHODS Genotyping was performed in a Chinese family with PPPD using polymorphic microsatellite markers on 12q and 15q. RESULTS The locus for PPPD is located within a 6.9-cM region between markers D12S1613 and D12S1341, with a maximum two-point LOD score of 8.14 (theta = 0.00) at D12S1335. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a map location for isolation of a gene causing PPPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Wei
- Institute of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
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Pearson IC, Cliff S. Case 6: plaques extending in a linear pattern from left ankle to hip forming over a 2-year period. Diagnosis: linear porokeratosis with disseminated superficial porokeratosis erupting in pregnancy. Clin Exp Dermatol 2003; 28:345-6. [PMID: 12780739 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2230.2003.01278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Xia K, Deng H, Xia JH, Zheng D, Zhang HL, Lu CY, Li CQ, Pan Q, Dai HP, Yang YF, Long ZG, Deng HX. A novel locus (DSAP2) for disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis maps to chromosome 15q25.1-26.1. Br J Dermatol 2002; 147:650-4. [PMID: 12366408 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.05058.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is a chronic cutaneous disorder characterized by multiple superficial keratotic lesions surrounded by a slightly raised keratotic border. It develops in teenagers in sun-exposed areas of skin and usually follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The first locus for DSAP was localized to chromosome 12q23.2-24.1, but no gene responsible for porokeratosis has been identified to date. OBJECTIVES To determine whether DSAP is a genetically heterogeneous disorder and to identify the disease gene locus in a three-generation Chinese family with DSAP. METHODS Genetic linkage analysis was carried out in this family using 15 microsatellite markers between D12S1671 and D12S369 on chromosome 12q, followed by a genome-wide scan with 382 microsatellite markers from the autosomes. RESULTS Genetic linkage analysis with chromosome 12q markers suggested that the locus in this family is not linked to chromosome 12q. A genome-wide scan and fine mapping finally localized the locus for DSAP in this family to a 6.4-cM region between markers D15S1023 and D15S1030 at chromosome 15q25.1-26.1. This DSAP locus was named DSAP2. CONCLUSIONS The previous results and this study have shown that DSAP is a genetically heterogeneous disorder; a novel locus for DSAP, termed DSAP2, was mapped to a 6.4-cM region between markers D15S1023 and D15S1030.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Xia
- National Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
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Shen CS, Tabata K, Matsuki M, Goto T, Yokochi T, Yamanishi K. Premature apoptosis of keratinocytes and the dysregulation of keratinization in porokeratosis. Br J Dermatol 2002; 147:498-502. [PMID: 12207590 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porokeratosis is a dyskeratotic disorder of the skin characterized by cornoid lamella with parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis and loss of granular layers. The pathogenesis of porokeratosis and the mechanism(s) of its abnormal keratinization are still unknown. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the mechanism(s) of abnormal keratinization that leads to the formation of cornoid lamellae in porokeratosis. METHODS Apoptosis of keratinocytes was assessed in the skin of seven patients by an in situ apoptosis assay based on the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labelling (TUNEL) reaction. Patterns of loricrin and involucrin expression were examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS TUNEL-positive keratinocytes were observed in the epidermis underlying the cornoid lamella in all cases examined. Furthermore, loricrin expression was interrupted there, in contrast to involucrin, which was expressed diffusely in the lesional epidermis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that an abnormal early keratinocyte apoptosis accompanied by dysregulation of terminal differentiation of those cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of porokeratosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-S Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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