1
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Kurioka A, Klenerman P. Aging unconventionally: γδ T cells, iNKT cells, and MAIT cells in aging. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101816. [PMID: 37536148 PMCID: PMC10804939 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Unconventional T cells include γδ T cells, invariant Natural Killer T cells (iNKT) cells and Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells, which are distinguished from conventional T cells by their recognition of non-peptide ligands presented by non-polymorphic antigen presenting molecules and rapid effector functions that are pre-programmed during their development. Here we review current knowledge of the effect of age on unconventional T cells, from early life to old age, in both mice and humans. We then discuss the role of unconventional T cells in age-associated diseases and infections, highlighting the similarities between members of the unconventional T cell family in the context of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kurioka
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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2
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Gordino G, Costa‐Pereira S, Corredeira P, Alves P, Costa L, Gomes AQ, Silva‐Santos B, Ribot JC. MicroRNA-181a restricts human γδ T cell differentiation by targeting Map3k2 and Notch2. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e52234. [PMID: 34821000 PMCID: PMC8728617 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are a conserved population of lymphocytes that contributes to anti-tumor responses through its overt type 1 inflammatory and cytotoxic properties. We have previously shown that human γδ T cells acquire this profile upon stimulation with IL-2 or IL-15, in a differentiation process dependent on MAPK/ERK signaling. Here, we identify microRNA-181a as a key modulator of human γδ T cell differentiation. We observe that miR-181a is highly expressed in patients with prostate cancer and that this pattern associates with lower expression of NKG2D, a critical mediator of cancer surveillance. Interestingly, miR-181a expression negatively correlates with an activated type 1 effector profile obtained from in vitro differentiated γδ T cells and miR-181a overexpression restricts their levels of NKG2D and TNF-α. Upon in silico analysis, we identify two miR-181a candidate targets, Map3k2 and Notch2, which we validate via overexpression coupled with luciferase assays. These results reveal a novel role for miR-181a as critical regulator of human γδ T cell differentiation and highlight its potential for manipulation of γδ T cells in next-generation immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Gordino
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Sara Costa‐Pereira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Patrícia Corredeira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Patrícia Alves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Luís Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
- Medical Oncology DivisionHospital de Santa MariaCentro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa NorteLisbonPortugal
| | - Anita Q Gomes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Bruno Silva‐Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Julie C Ribot
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
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3
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Schönefeldt S, Wais T, Herling M, Mustjoki S, Bekiaris V, Moriggl R, Neubauer HA. The Diverse Roles of γδ T Cells in Cancer: From Rapid Immunity to Aggressive Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6212. [PMID: 34944832 PMCID: PMC8699114 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are unique players in shaping immune responses, lying at the intersection between innate and adaptive immunity. Unlike conventional αβ T cells, γδ T cells largely populate non-lymphoid peripheral tissues, demonstrating tissue specificity, and they respond to ligands in an MHC-independent manner. γδ T cells display rapid activation and effector functions, with a capacity for cytotoxic anti-tumour responses and production of inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ or IL-17. Their rapid cytotoxic nature makes them attractive cells for use in anti-cancer immunotherapies. However, upon transformation, γδ T cells can give rise to highly aggressive lymphomas. These rare malignancies often display poor patient survival, and no curative therapies exist. In this review, we discuss the diverse roles of γδ T cells in immune surveillance and response, with a particular focus on cancer immunity. We summarise the intriguing dichotomy between pro- and anti-tumour functions of γδ T cells in solid and haematological cancers, highlighting the key subsets involved. Finally, we discuss potential drivers of γδ T-cell transformation, summarising the main γδ T-cell lymphoma/leukaemia entities, their clinical features, recent advances in mapping their molecular and genomic landscapes, current treatment strategies and potential future targeting options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Schönefeldt
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.S.); (T.W.); (R.M.)
| | - Tamara Wais
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.S.); (T.W.); (R.M.)
| | - Marco Herling
- Department of Hematology, Cellular Therapy and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vasileios Bekiaris
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.S.); (T.W.); (R.M.)
| | - Heidi A. Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.S.); (T.W.); (R.M.)
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4
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Girard P, Sosa Cuevas E, Ponsard B, Mouret S, Gil H, Col E, De Fraipont F, Sturm N, Charles J, Manches O, Chaperot L, Aspord C. Dysfunctional BTN3A together with deregulated immune checkpoints and type I/II IFN dictate defective interplay between pDCs and γδ T cells in melanoma patients, which impacts clinical outcomes. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1329. [PMID: 34786191 PMCID: PMC8577077 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives pDCs and γδ T cells emerge as potent immune players participating in the pathophysiology of cancers, yet still remaining enigmatic while harbouring a promising potential for clinical translations. Despite strategic and closed missions, crosstalk between pDCs and γδ T cells has not been deciphered yet in cancers, especially in melanoma where the long‐term control of the tumor still remains a challenge. Methods This prompted us to explore the interplay between pDCs and γδ T cells in the context of melanoma, investigating the reciprocal features of pDCs or γδ T cells, the underlying molecular mechanisms and its impact on clinical outcomes. Results TLRL‐activated pDCs from the blood and tumor infiltrate of melanoma patients displayed an impaired ability to activate, to modulate immune checkpoints and trigger the functionality of γδ T cells. Conversely, γδ T cells from the blood or tumor infiltrate of melanoma patients activated by PAg were defective in triggering pDCs’ activation and modulation of immune checkpoints, and failed to elicit the functionality of pDCs. Reversion of the dysfunctional cross‐talks could be achieved by specific cytokine administration and immune checkpoint targeting. Strikingly, we revealed an increased expression of BTN3A on circulating and tumor‐infiltrating pDCs and γδ T cells from melanoma patients, but stressed out the potential impairment of this molecule. Conclusion Our study uncovered that melanoma hijacked the bidirectional interplay between pDCs and γδ T cells to escape from immune control, and revealed BTN3A dysfunction. Such understanding will help harness and synergise the power of these potent immune cells to design new therapeutic approaches exploiting their antitumor potential while counteracting their skewing by tumors to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Girard
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes R&D Laboratory Grenoble France
| | - Eleonora Sosa Cuevas
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes R&D Laboratory Grenoble France
| | - Benedicte Ponsard
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes R&D Laboratory Grenoble France
| | - Stephane Mouret
- Dermatology Clinic Grenoble University Hospital Grenoble France
| | - Hugo Gil
- Pathology Department Institut de Biologie et Pathologie CHU Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Edwige Col
- Pathology Department Institut de Biologie et Pathologie CHU Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Florence De Fraipont
- Medical Unit of Molecular Genetic (Hereditary Diseases and Oncology) Grenoble University Hospital Grenoble France
| | - Nathalie Sturm
- Pathology Department Institut de Biologie et Pathologie CHU Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Julie Charles
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France.,Dermatology Clinic Grenoble University Hospital Grenoble France
| | - Olivier Manches
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes R&D Laboratory Grenoble France
| | - Laurence Chaperot
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes R&D Laboratory Grenoble France
| | - Caroline Aspord
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Immunobiology and Immunotherapy in Chronic Diseases Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes R&D Laboratory Grenoble France
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5
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Wang X, Darcy J, Cai C, Jin J, Bartke A, Cao D. Intestinal immunity in hypopituitary dwarf mice: effects of age. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:358-370. [PMID: 29500333 PMCID: PMC5892686 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypopituitary dwarf mice demonstrate advantages of longevity, but little is known of their colon development and intestinal immunity. Herein we found that Ames dwarf mice have shorter colon and colonic crypts, but larger ratio of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) over body weight than age-matched wild type (WT) mice. In the colonic lamina propria (cLP) of juvenile Ames mice, more inflammatory neutrophils (Ā: 0.15% vs. 0.03% in WT mice) and monocytes (Ā: 7.97% vs. 5.15%) infiltrated, and antigen presenting cells CD11c+ dendritic cells (Ā: 1.39% vs. 0.87%), CD11b+ macrophages (Ā: 3.22% vs. 0.81%) and gamma delta T (γδ T) cells (Ā: 5.56% vs. 1.35%) were increased. In adult Ames dwarf mice, adaptive immune cells, such as IL-17 producing CD4+ T helper (Th17) cells (Ā: 8.3% vs. 4.7%) were augmented. In the MLNs of Ames dwarf mice, the antigen presenting and adaptive immune cells also altered when compared to WT mice, such as a decrease of T-regulatory (Treg) cells in juvenile Ames mice (Ā: 7.7% vs.10.5%), but an increase of Th17 cells (Ā: 0.627% vs.0.093%). Taken together, these data suggest that somatotropic signaling deficiency influences colon development and intestinal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Justin Darcy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Chuan Cai
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (incubation), Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Junfei Jin
- China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Deliang Cao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA.,Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (incubation), Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
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6
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Girard P, Charles J, Cluzel C, Degeorges E, Manches O, Plumas J, De Fraipont F, Leccia MT, Mouret S, Chaperot L, Aspord C. The features of circulating and tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells in melanoma patients display critical perturbations with prognostic impact on clinical outcome. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:1601483. [PMID: 31413911 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1601483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
γδT cells hold a pivotal role in tumor immunosurveillance through their prompt activation and cytokine secretion, their ability to kill tumor cells in an Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-unrestricted manner, and their combination of features of both innate and adaptive immunity. These unique properties and functional plasticity render them very attractive both as targets and vectors for cancer immunotherapy. Yet, these potent and fascinating antitumor effectors have not been extensively explored in melanoma. We provided here a detailed investigation of the phenotypic and functional properties of circulating and tumor-infiltrating γδT cells in melanoma patients, and their impact on clinical evolution. High proportions of circulating- and tumor-infiltrating γδT and δ2+ subset were associated with better clinical outcome. We reported however that circulating and tumor-infiltrating γδT cells from melanoma patients displayed an altered expression of NCR, KIR, and immune checkpoints, and identified NKp44, PD1, 41BB/41BBL, TIM3, and LAG3 as crucial checkpoints allowing immune escape and tumor progression. Notably, melanoma drastically impaired the ability of γδT cells to exhibit activation molecules, secrete cytokines, and display cytotoxicity toward melanoma in response to stimulation with phosphoantigens. It drove them toward regulatory and Th17 profiles associated with poor clinical outcomes. Our study highlights that melanoma hijacked γδT cells to escape from immune control, and revealed that circulating and tumor-infiltrating γδT cell features are promising potential biomarkers of clinical evolution. Such understanding of the physiopathology of γδT cells may help designing new therapeutic approaches exploiting the antitumor potential of γδT cells while counteracting their skewing by tumors to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Girard
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, R&D-Laboratory, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, EMR EFS-UGA-INSERM U1209- CNRS, Immunobiology & Immunotherapy of Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Charles
- University Grenoble Alpes, EMR EFS-UGA-INSERM U1209- CNRS, Immunobiology & Immunotherapy of Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France.,Dermatology clinic, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Camille Cluzel
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, R&D-Laboratory, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, EMR EFS-UGA-INSERM U1209- CNRS, Immunobiology & Immunotherapy of Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuelle Degeorges
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, R&D-Laboratory, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, EMR EFS-UGA-INSERM U1209- CNRS, Immunobiology & Immunotherapy of Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Manches
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, R&D-Laboratory, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, EMR EFS-UGA-INSERM U1209- CNRS, Immunobiology & Immunotherapy of Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France
| | - Joel Plumas
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, R&D-Laboratory, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, EMR EFS-UGA-INSERM U1209- CNRS, Immunobiology & Immunotherapy of Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France.,pDCline Pharma, Grenoble, France
| | - Florence De Fraipont
- University Grenoble Alpes, EMR EFS-UGA-INSERM U1209- CNRS, Immunobiology & Immunotherapy of Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France.,Department of Biochemistry of Cancers and Biotherapies, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Therese Leccia
- University Grenoble Alpes, EMR EFS-UGA-INSERM U1209- CNRS, Immunobiology & Immunotherapy of Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France.,Dermatology clinic, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Stephane Mouret
- University Grenoble Alpes, EMR EFS-UGA-INSERM U1209- CNRS, Immunobiology & Immunotherapy of Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France.,Dermatology clinic, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Chaperot
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, R&D-Laboratory, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, EMR EFS-UGA-INSERM U1209- CNRS, Immunobiology & Immunotherapy of Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Aspord
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, R&D-Laboratory, Grenoble, France.,University Grenoble Alpes, EMR EFS-UGA-INSERM U1209- CNRS, Immunobiology & Immunotherapy of Chronic Diseases, Grenoble, France
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7
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Xu W, Li XK, Lu QB, Yang ZD, Du J, Xing B, Cui N, Zhang XA, Zhang SF, Yang XX, Liu W, Chen WW. Association between peripheral γδ T cell subsets and disease progression of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection. Pathog Dis 2018; 75:4037127. [PMID: 28859400 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by SFTS virus. The cellular immune responses during SFTS virus infection have not been fully understood. This study examined the association between circulating γδ T cell subsets and clinical outcome of SFTS patients from China. A total of 101 hospitalized SFTS patients and 28 healthy controls were enrolled. Peripheral blood was collected, and lymphocyte subgroups and γδ T cell frequencies were evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. Their association with patients' outcome was also investigated. Starting from Week 1, the Vδ1 cells of patients were increased to significantly higher level at Month 3 after disease onset than the controls (P < 0.05), followed by a decrease to the normal level in Year 1. In contrast, the Vδ2 cells displayed significant lower level than the controls from Week 2 to Year 1. On Week 2, the Vδ2 cells demonstrated a significant decrease in the severe patients than both the mild and controls (P < 0.05). The adverse disease progression is accompanied by the reduction of Vδ2 cells, suggesting the key role of Vδ2 cells in the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- Treatment and Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital, People's Liberation Army, No. 100, West 4th Ring Road, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Bin Lu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Dong Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The 154 Hospital, People's Liberation Army, No.104, Nan-hu Road, Shi-he District, Xinyang 464000, P. R. China
| | - Juan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, P. R. China
| | - Bo Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, P. R. China
| | - Ning Cui
- Department of Infectious Disease, The 154 Hospital, People's Liberation Army, No.104, Nan-hu Road, Shi-he District, Xinyang 464000, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Yang
- Treatment and Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital, People's Liberation Army, No. 100, West 4th Ring Road, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Treatment and Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital, People's Liberation Army, No. 100, West 4th Ring Road, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
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8
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de Bruin RCG, Veluchamy JP, Lougheed SM, Schneiders FL, Lopez-Lastra S, Lameris R, Stam AG, Sebestyen Z, Kuball J, Molthoff CFM, Hooijberg E, Roovers RC, Santo JPD, van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP, Verheul HMW, de Gruijl TD, van der Vliet HJ. A bispecific nanobody approach to leverage the potent and widely applicable tumor cytolytic capacity of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1375641. [PMID: 29296532 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1375641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Though Vγ9Vδ2-T cells constitute only a small fraction of the total T cell population in human peripheral blood, they play a vital role in tumor defense and are therefore of major interest to explore for cancer immunotherapy. Vγ9Vδ2-T cell-based cancer immunotherapeutic approaches developed so far have been generally well tolerated and were able to induce significant clinical responses. However, overall results were inconsistent, possibly due to the fact that these strategies induced systemic activation of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells without preferential accumulation and targeted activation in the tumor. Here we show that a novel bispecific nanobody-based construct targeting both Vγ9Vδ2-T cells and EGFR induced potent Vγ9Vδ2-T cell activation and subsequent tumor cell lysis both in vitro and in an in vivo mouse xenograft model. Tumor cell lysis was independent of KRAS and BRAF tumor mutation status and common Vγ9Vδ2-T cell receptor sequence variations. In combination with the conserved monomorphic nature of the Vγ9Vδ2-TCR and the facile replacement of the tumor-specific nanobody, this immunotherapeutic approach can be applied to a large group of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée C G de Bruin
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John P Veluchamy
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sinéad M Lougheed
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Famke L Schneiders
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Lopez-Lastra
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1223, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Roeland Lameris
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita G Stam
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Sebestyen
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla F M Molthoff
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Hooijberg
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob C Roovers
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - James P Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1223, Paris, France
| | | | - Henk M W Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J van der Vliet
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Dutta I, Postovit LM, Siegers GM. Apoptosis Induced via Gamma Delta T Cell Antigen Receptor "Blocking" Antibodies: A Cautionary Tale. Front Immunol 2017; 8:776. [PMID: 28713391 PMCID: PMC5492911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic studies contribute greatly to our understanding of γδ T cell (γδTc) biology, aiding development of these cells as immunotherapeutic agents. The antibody blocking assay is an accepted method to determine the receptors involved in γδTc killing of tumor targets. Effectors and/or targets are preincubated with microgram quantities of monoclonal antibodies (mAb), often described by commercial sources to be useful for blocking assays. We and others have used such assays extensively in the past, correlating decreases in cytotoxicity against specific targets with involvement of the blocked receptor(s). However, we wondered whether other mechanisms might be at play beyond cytotoxicity inhibition. Indeed, administration of certain “blocking” mAb to the γδ T cell antigen receptor (γδTCR) induced γδTc death. Upon further investigation, we discovered that γδTc underwent apoptosis triggered by incubation with mAb to the γδTCR. This effect was specific, as no apoptosis was observed when αβ T cells (αβTc) were incubated with these mAb. Apoptosis was further potentiated by the presence of interleukin (IL)-2, often included in cytotoxicity assays; however, exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2) did not contribute significantly to γδTc cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell lines. Here, we have investigated the usefulness of four mAb for use in blocking assays by assessing blocking properties in conjunction with their propensity to induce apoptosis in cultured primary human γδTc. We found that the 5A6.E9 clone was usually a better alternative to the commonly used B1 (or B1.1) and 11F2 clones; however, some variability in susceptibility to apoptosis induction was observed among donor cultures. Thus, viability assessment of primary effector cells treated with mAb alone should be undertaken in parallel with cytotoxicity assays employing blocking antibodies, to account for cytotoxicity reduction caused by effector cell death. Previous findings should be reassessed in this light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Dutta
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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10
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Wistuba-Hamprecht K, Martens A, Haehnel K, Geukes Foppen M, Yuan J, Postow MA, Wong P, Romano E, Khammari A, Dreno B, Capone M, Ascierto PA, Demuth I, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Larbi A, Schilling B, Schadendorf D, Wolchok JD, Blank CU, Pawelec G, Garbe C, Weide B. Proportions of blood-borne Vδ1+ and Vδ2+ T-cells are associated with overall survival of melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab. Eur J Cancer 2016; 64:116-26. [PMID: 27400322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Human γδ T-cells possess regulatory and cytotoxic capabilities, and could potentially influence the efficacy of immunotherapies. We analysed the frequencies of peripheral γδ T-cells, including their most prominent subsets (Vδ1+ and Vδ2+ cells) and differentiation states in 109 melanoma patients and 109 healthy controls. We additionally analysed the impact of γδ T-cells on overall survival (OS) calculated from the first dose of ipilimumab in melanoma patients. Higher median frequencies of Vδ1+ cells and lower median frequencies of Vδ2+ cells were identified in patients compared to healthy subjects (Vδ1+: 30% versus 15%, Vδ2+: 39% versus 64%, both p < 0.001). Patients with higher frequencies of Vδ1+ cells (≥30%) had poorer OS (p = 0.043) and a Vδ1+ differentiation signature dominated by late-differentiated phenotypes. In contrast, higher frequencies of Vδ2+ cells (≥39%) were associated with longer survival (p = 0.031) independent of the M category or lactate dehydrogenase level. Patients with decreasing frequencies of Vδ2+ cells under ipilimumab treatment had worse OS and a lower rate of clinical benefit than patients without such decreases. Therefore, we suggest frequencies of both Vδ1+ and Vδ2+ cells as candidate biomarkers for outcome in melanoma patients following ipilimumab. Further studies are needed to validate these results and to clarify whether they represent prognostic associations or whether γδ T-cells are specifically and/or functionally linked to the mode of action of ipilimumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Wistuba-Hamprecht
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Alexander Martens
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karin Haehnel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jianda Yuan
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Postow
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Phillip Wong
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emanuela Romano
- Department of Oncology, Immunotherapy Unit, INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Amir Khammari
- Department of Oncodermatology, INSERM Research Unit 892, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Brigitte Dreno
- Department of Oncodermatology, INSERM Research Unit 892, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Ilja Demuth
- Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Bastian Schilling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany; School of Science and Technology, College of Arts and Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK; Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
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11
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Toia F, Buccheri S, Anfosso A, Moschella F, Dieli F, Meraviglia S, Cordova A. Skewed Differentiation of Circulating Vγ9Vδ2 T Lymphocytes in Melanoma and Impact on Clinical Outcome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149570. [PMID: 26915072 PMCID: PMC4767817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate over time circulating γδ T lymphocytes in melanoma patients in terms of frequency, effector functions, and relationship with clinical stage and evolution, by comparing preoperative values to those obtained at a mean follow-up of 36 months or in the event of recurrence or disease progression, and to those of healthy controls. Also, we correlated the presence of tumor-infiltrating γδ T lymphocytes with clinical evolution of melanoma. Results Mean frequencies of circulating γδ T cells before and after melanoma removal were very similar and comparable to healthy subjects, but patients who progressed to stage III or IV showed a significantly decreased frequency of circulating Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. The distribution of Vγ9Vδ2 memory and effector subsets was similar in healthy subjects and melanoma patients at diagnosis, but circulating γδ T cells of patients after melanoma removal had a skewed terminally-differentiated effector memory phenotype. Highly suggestive of progressive differentiation toward a cytotoxic phenotype, Vγ9Vδ2T cells from patients at follow up had increased cytotoxic potential and limited cytokine production capability, while the opposite pattern was detected in Vγ9Vδ2T cells from patients before melanoma removal. Conclusions Follow-up data also showed that tumor infiltrating γδ T cells were significantly associated with lower mortality and relapse rates, suggesting that they may serve as a prognostic biomarker, for human melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Toia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Buccheri
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department for the Treatment and Study of Abdominal Diseases and Transplantation, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Ampelio Anfosso
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Moschella
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Serena Meraviglia
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Adriana Cordova
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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12
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Wistuba-Hamprecht K, Haehnel K, Janssen N, Demuth I, Pawelec G. Peripheral blood T-cell signatures from high-resolution immune phenotyping of γδ and αβ T-cells in younger and older subjects in the Berlin Aging Study II. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2015; 12:25. [PMID: 26640505 PMCID: PMC4670504 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-015-0052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Aging and latent infection with Cytomegalovirus (CMV) are thought to be major factors driving the immune system towards immunosenescence, primarily characterized by reduced amounts of naïve T-cells and increased memory T-cells, potentially associated with higher morbidity and mortality. The composition of both major compartments, γδ as well as αβ T-cells, is altered by age and CMV, but detailed knowledge of changes to the γδ subset is currently limited. Results Here, we have surveyed a population of 73 younger (23–35 years) and 144 older (62–85 years) individuals drawn from the Berlin Aging Study II, investigating the distribution of detailed differentiation phenotypes of both γδ and αβ T-cells. Correlation of frequencies and absolute counts of the identified phenotypes with age and the presence of CMV revealed a lower abundance of Vδ2-positive and a higher amount of Vδ1-positive cells. We found higher frequencies of late-differentiated and lower frequencies of early-differentiated cells in the Vδ1+ and Vδ1-Vδ2-, but not in the Vδ2+ populations in elderly CMV-seropositive individuals confirming the association of these Vδ2-negative cells with CMV-immunosurveillance. We identified the highest Vδ1:Vδ2 ratios in the CMV-seropositive elderly. The observed increased CD4:CD8 ratios in the elderly were significantly lower in CMV-seropositive individuals, who also possessed a lower naïve and a larger late-differentiated compartment of CD8+ αβ T-cells, reflecting the consensus in the literature. Conclusions Our findings illustrate in detail the strong influence of CMV on the abundance and differentiation pattern of γδ T-cells as well as αβ T-cells in older and younger people. Mechanisms responsible for the phenotypic alterations in the γδ T-cell compartment, associated both with the presence of CMV and with age require further clarification. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12979-015-0052-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Wistuba-Hamprecht
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Waldhörnlestr. 22, Tübingen, 72072 Germany ; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karin Haehnel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Waldhörnlestr. 22, Tübingen, 72072 Germany
| | - Nicole Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Waldhörnlestr. 22, Tübingen, 72072 Germany
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany ; Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Waldhörnlestr. 22, Tübingen, 72072 Germany ; The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
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13
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Wistuba-Hamprecht K, Di Benedetto S, Schilling B, Sucker A, Schadendorf D, Garbe C, Weide B, Pawelec G. Phenotypic characterization and prognostic impact of circulating γδ and αβ T-cells in metastatic malignant melanoma. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:698-704. [PMID: 26383054 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human T cells carrying γδ T-cell receptors (TCRs) represent a minor population relative to those with αβ TCRs. There has been much interest recently in the possibility of using these γδ T-cells in cancer therapy because they can kill tumor cells in vitro in an MHC-unrestricted manner, and possess potential regulatory capability and antigen-presenting capacity. The presence of γδ T-cells in late-stage melanoma patients and their relationship with survival has not been extensively explored, although relatively lower percentages of total γδ T-cells and Vδ2+ cells have been reported. Here, we present a detailed analysis of associations of γδ T-cell subsets and differentiation stages with survival in Stage IV patients, compared with CD4+ and CD8+ αβ T-cells. We found an increased Vδ1:Vδ2-ratio and a decreased CD4:CD8-ratio in patients compared to healthy controls, on the basis both of relative frequencies and absolute cell counts per μL blood. Nonetheless, Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that a higher than median frequency of Vδ1+ cells was negatively associated with survival, whereas there were no positive or negative associations with frequencies of Vδ2+ cells. Correlations of cell differentiation status with survival revealed a negative association of early-differentiated Vδ1+ T cells with survival, both on the basis of relative frequencies and absolute counts. There was also a positive correlation between the frequencies of early-differentiated CD8+ αβ T-cells and survival. Our findings suggest peripheral blood frequencies of Vδ1+ T-cells as a potential prognostic marker in melanoma. The mechanisms by which higher abundance of Vδ1+ cells are associated with poorer survival require determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Wistuba-Hamprecht
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Bastian Schilling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
| | - Antje Sucker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
| | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
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14
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Beck BH, Kim H, O’Brien R, Jadus MR, Gillespie GY, Cloud GA, Hoa NT, Langford CP, Lopez RD, Harkins LE, Lamb Jr. LS. Dynamics of Circulating γδ T Cell Activity in an Immunocompetent Mouse Model of High-Grade Glioma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122387. [PMID: 25955158 PMCID: PMC4425513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human γδ T cells are potent effectors against glioma cell lines in vitro and in human/mouse xenograft models of glioblastoma, however, this effect has not been investigated in an immunocompetent mouse model. In this report, we established GL261 intracranial gliomas in syngeneic WT C57BL/6 mice and measured circulating γδ T cell count, phenotype, Vγ/Vδ repertoire, tumor histopathology, NKG2D ligands expression, and T cell invasion at day 10-12 post-injection and at end stage. Circulating γδ T cells transiently increased and upregulated Annexin V expression at post-tumor day 10-12 followed by a dramatic decline in γδ T cell count at end stage. T cell receptor repertoire showed no changes in Vγ1, Vγ4, Vγ7 or Vδ1 subsets from controls at post-tumor day 10-12 or at end stage except for an end-stage increase in the Vδ4 population. Approximately 12% of γδ T cells produced IFN-γ. IL-17 and IL-4 producing γδ T cells were not detected. Tumor progression was the same in TCRδ-/- C57BL/6 mice as that observed in WT mice, suggesting that γδ T cells exerted neither a regulatory nor a sustainable cytotoxic effect on the tumor. WT mice that received an intracranial injection of γδ T cells 15m following tumor placement showed evidence of local tumor growth inhibition but this was insufficient to confer a survival advantage over untreated controls. Taken together, our findings suggest that an early nonspecific proliferation of γδ T cells followed by their depletion occurs in mice implanted with syngeneic GL261 gliomas. The mechanism by which γδ T cell expansion occurs remains a subject for further investigation of the mechanisms responsible for this immune response in the setting of high-grade glioma.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brain/immunology
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/blood
- Brain Neoplasms/immunology
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Glioma/blood
- Glioma/immunology
- Glioma/pathology
- Humans
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukin-4/immunology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/blood
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H. Beck
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America
| | - Hyunggoon Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America
| | - Rebecca O’Brien
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Martin R. Jadus
- Department of Pathology, University of California Irvine/Veterans Affairs Medical Center/Long Beach, Long Beach, California, 80206, United States of America
| | - G. Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America
| | - Gretchen A. Cloud
- UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine; Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America
| | - Neil T. Hoa
- Department of Pathology, University of California Irvine/Veterans Affairs Medical Center/Long Beach, Long Beach, California, 80206, United States of America
| | - Catherine P. Langford
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America
| | - Richard D. Lopez
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America
| | - Lualhati E. Harkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America
| | - Lawrence S. Lamb Jr.
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Fowler DW, Bodman-Smith MD. Harnessing the power of Vδ2 cells in cancer immunotherapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 180:1-10. [PMID: 25469879 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that have been implicated in immunosurveillance against infections and tumours. In the peripheral blood of humans the γδ T cell pool is made up predominantly of Vδ2 cells, which can detect both foreign and self-metabolites of the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway. This unique axis of antigen recognition enables Vδ2 cells to respond to a range of pathogenic infections as well as perturbations in endogenous isoprenoid biosynthesis that can occur during cell stress and malignant transformation. There has been growing interest in Vδ2 cells as a potential avenue for cancer immunotherapy, and a number of strategies have been utilized in an attempt to boost the anti-tumour response of Vδ2 cells in patients. In this review we discuss critically the evidence that Vδ2 cells contribute to the cytotoxic response against tumours and evaluate current immunotherapeutic approaches that target these cells in cancer patients, with specific focus on their shortcomings and how they may be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Fowler
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, UK
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16
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Woodward Davis AS, Bergsbaken T, Delaney MA, Bevan MJ. Dermal-resident versus recruited γδ T cell response to cutaneous vaccinia virus infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2260-7. [PMID: 25609844 PMCID: PMC4340759 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The study of T cell immunity at barrier surfaces has largely focused on T cells bearing the αβ TCR. However, T cells that express the γδ TCR are disproportionately represented in peripheral tissues of mice and humans, suggesting they too may play an important role responding to external stimuli. In this article, we report that, in a murine model of cutaneous infection with vaccinia virus, dermal γδ T cell numbers increased 10-fold in the infected ear and resulted in a novel γδ T cell population not found in naive skin. Circulating γδ T cells were specifically recruited to the site of inflammation and differentially contributed to dermal populations based on their CD27 expression. Recruited γδ T cells, the majority of which were CD27(+), were granzyme B(+) and made up about half of the dermal population at the peak of the response. In contrast, recruited and resident γδ T cell populations that made IL-17 were CD27(-). Using a double-chimera model that can discriminate between the resident dermal and recruited γδ T cell populations, we demonstrated their divergent functions and contributions to early stages of tissue inflammation. Specifically, the loss of the perinatal thymus-derived resident dermal population resulted in decreased cellularity and collateral damage in the tissue during viral infection. These findings have important implications for our understanding of immune coordination at barrier surfaces and the contribution of innate-like lymphocytes on the front lines of immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tessa Bergsbaken
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; and
| | - Martha A Delaney
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Michael J Bevan
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; and
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17
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Fowler DW, Copier J, Dalgleish AG, Bodman-Smith MD. Zoledronic acid causes γδ T cells to target monocytes and down-modulate inflammatory homing. Immunology 2015; 143:539-49. [PMID: 24912747 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoledronic acid (ZA) is a potential immunotherapy for cancer because it can induce potent γδ T-cell-mediated anti-tumour responses. Clinical trials are testing the efficacy of intravenous ZA in cancer patients; however, the effects of systemic ZA on the activation and migration of peripheral γδ T cells remain poorly understood. We found that γδ T cells within ZA-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were degranulating, as shown by up-regulated expression of CD107a/b. Degranulation was monocyte dependent because CD107a/b expression was markedly reduced in the absence of CD14(+) cells. Consistent with monocyte-induced degranulation, we observed γδ T-cell-dependent induction of monocyte apoptosis, as shown by phosphatidylserine expression on monocytes and decreased percentages of monocytes in culture. Despite the prevailing paradigm that ZA promotes tumour homing in γδ T cells, we observed down-modulation of their tumour homing capacity, as shown by decreased expression of the inflammatory chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR3, and reduced migration towards the inflammatory chemokine CCL5. Taken together our data suggest that ZA causes γδ T cells to target monocytes and down-modulate the migratory programme required for inflammatory homing. This study provides novel insight into how γδ T cells interact with monocytes and the possible implications of systemic use of ZA in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Fowler
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St George's University of London, Tooting, London, UK
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18
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Siegers GM, Lamb LS. Cytotoxic and regulatory properties of circulating Vδ1+ γδ T cells: a new player on the cell therapy field? Mol Ther 2014; 22:1416-1422. [PMID: 24895997 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploration of cancer immunotherapy strategies that incorporate γδ T cells as primary mediators of antitumor immunity are just beginning to be explored and with a primary focus on the use of manufactured phosphoantigen-stimulated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Increasing evidence, however, supports a critical role for Vδ1+ γδ T cells, a minor subset in peripheral blood with distinct innate recognition properties that possess powerful tumoricidal activity. They are activated by a host of ligands including stress-induced self-antigens, glycolipids presented by CD1c/d, and potentially many others that currently remain unidentified. In contrast to Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, tumor-reactive Vδ1+ T cells are not as susceptible to activation-induced cell death and can persist in the circulation for many years, potentially offering durable immunity to some cancers. In addition, specific populations of Vδ1+ T cells can also exhibit immunosuppressive and regulatory properties, a function that can also be exploited for therapeutic purposes. This review explores the biology, function, manufacturing strategies, and potential therapeutic role of Vδ1+ T cells. We also discuss clinical experience with Vδ1+ T cells in the setting of cancer, as well as the potential of and barriers to the development of Vδ1+ T cell-based adoptive cell therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Siegers
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawrence S Lamb
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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Locatelli F, Merli P, Rutella S. At the Bedside: Innate immunity as an immunotherapy tool for hematological malignancies. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 94:1141-57. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0613343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Knight A, Arnouk H, Britt W, Gillespie GY, Cloud GA, Harkins L, Su Y, Lowdell MW, Lamb LS. CMV-independent lysis of glioblastoma by ex vivo expanded/activated Vδ1+ γδ T cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68729. [PMID: 23950874 PMCID: PMC3737218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vδ2neg γδ T cells, of which Vδ1+ γδ T cells are by far the largest subset, are important effectors against CMV infection. Malignant gliomas often contain CMV genetic material and proteins, and evidence exists that CMV infection may be associated with initiation and/or progression of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We sought to determine if Vδ1+ γδ T cells were cytotoxic to GBM and the extent to which their cytotoxicity was CMV dependent. We examined the cytotoxic effect of ex vivo expanded/activated Vδ1+ γδ T cells from healthy CMV seropositive and CMV seronegative donors on unmanipulated and CMV-infected established GBM cell lines and cell lines developed from short- term culture of primary tumors. Expanded/activated Vδ1+ T cells killed CMV-negative U251, U87, and U373 GBM cell lines and two primary tumor explants regardless of the serologic status of the donor. Experimental CMV infection did not increase Vδ1+ T cell - mediated cytotoxicity and in some cases the cell lines were more resistant to lysis when infected with CMV. Flow cytometry analysis of CMV-infected cell lines revealed down-regulation of the NKG2D ligands ULBP-2, and ULBP-3 as well as MICA/B in CMV-infected cells. These studies show that ex vivo expanded/activated Vδ1+ γδ T cells readily recognize and kill established GBM cell lines and primary tumor-derived GBM cells regardless of whether CMV infection is present, however, CMV may enhance the resistance GBM cell lines to innate recognition possibly contributing to the poor immunogenicity of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Knight
- The Department of Haematology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hilal Arnouk
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - William Britt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - G. Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Gretchen A. Cloud
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Lualhati Harkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Yun Su
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Mark W. Lowdell
- The Department of Haematology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lawrence S. Lamb
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Santolaria T, Robard M, Léger A, Catros V, Bonneville M, Scotet E. Repeated systemic administrations of both aminobisphosphonates and human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells efficiently control tumor development in vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:1993-2000. [PMID: 23836057 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes compose a major γδ T cell subset in primates with broad reactivity against tumor cells. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are specifically activated by phosphorylated isoprenoid pathway metabolites called "phosphoagonists." Accordingly, pharmacologic inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway, such as aminobisphosphonates (NBP) that upregulate the intracellular production of phosphoagonists, increase antitumor Vγ9Vδ2 T cell responses. Immunotherapeutic protocols exploiting GMP-grade agonist molecules targeting human Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes have yielded promising, yet limited, signs of antitumor efficacy and therefore need to be improved for next-generation immunotherapies. In this study, we used a model of s.c. human tumor xenografts in severely immunodeficient mice to assess the antitumor efficacy of systemic NBP treatments when combined with the adoptive transfer of human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. We show that infusion of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, 24 h after systemic NBP treatment, efficiently delays tumor growth in mice. Importantly, our results indicate efficient but transient in vivo NBP-induced sensitization of tumor cells to human Vγ9Vδ2-T cell recognition. Accordingly, repeated and combined administrations of both NBP and γδ T cells yielded improved antitumor responses in vivo. Because Vγ9Vδ2 T cells show similar responsiveness toward both autologous and allogeneic tumors and are devoid of alloreactivity, these results provide preclinical proof of concept for optimized antitumor immunotherapies combining NBP treatment and adoptive transfer of allogeneic human γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Santolaria
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 892 Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes Angers, Nantes, F-44000, France
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Persistence pays off for γδ T-cell therapies. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:397-8. [PMID: 23480950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ramstead AG, Jutila MA. Complex role of γδ T-cell-derived cytokines and growth factors in cancer. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2012; 32:563-9. [PMID: 23078623 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are innate lymphocytes that recognize and kill a range of tumor cells and are currently being explored as a target for tumor immunotherapy. However, γδ T cells play a complex role in cancer and can promote, as well as inhibit, tumor growth. In addition to tumor cell killing, γδ T cells express a number of cytokines and other soluble factors in response to tumors. Soluble factors expressed by γδ T cells in these settings include interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, transforming growth factor-β, IL-17, and a number of growth factors. These factors have differing and sometimes opposing effects on antitumor immunity and tumor angiogenesis, and likely contribute to the complex role of these cells in cancer. Here, we review studies in both mice and humans that examine differential cytokine secretion by γδ T cells in response to tumors and tumor immunotherapy, and discuss the influence of these γδ T-cell-derived factors on tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Ramstead
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
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Braza MS, Klein B. Anti-tumour immunotherapy with Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes: from the bench to the bedside. Br J Haematol 2012; 160:123-32. [PMID: 23061882 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) Τ cells are non-conventional T lymphocyte effectors that can interact with and eradicate tumour cells. Several data demonstrate that these T cells, which are implicated in the first line of defence against pathogens, have anti-tumour activity against many cancers and suggest that γδ Τ cell-mediated immunotherapy is feasible and might induce objective tumour responses. Due to the importance of γδ Τ lymphocytes in the induction and control of immunity, a complete understanding of their biology is crucial for the development of a potent cancer immunotherapy. This review discusses recent advances in γδ Τ basic research and data from clinical trials on the use of γδ Τ cells in the treatment of different cancers. It analyses how this knowledge might be applied to develop new strategies for the clinical manipulation and the potentiation of γδ Τ lymphocyte activity in cancer immunotherapy.
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Petrini I, Pacini S, Galimberti S, Taddei MR, Romanini A, Petrini M. Impaired function of gamma-delta lymphocytes in melanoma patients. Eur J Clin Invest 2011; 41:1186-94. [PMID: 22775565 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02524.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is an immunogenic tumour but, despite the wide range of immunotherapies tested, only few promising results have been reported to date. Both in vitro and in xenograft models, γδ lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against melanoma cells has been reported. IL-2/zoledronate treatment can expand γδ cells in vitro and in animal models. This could represent an immunotherapeutic strategy against melanoma. To evaluate the feasibility of this approach, we studied γδ lymphocyte phenotype from patients with melanoma, their ability to be expanded by IL-2/zoledronate and their cytotoxic activity against SK-MEL-30 cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood samples were collected from 30 patients with melanoma and 10 healthy donors. Percentage of γδ lymphocytes and CD45RO+CD27+, CD45RA+CD27-, CD57+, Vγ9Vδ2 subpopulations were evaluated by flow cytometry. IL-2/zoledronate γδ cell expansion rate and their cytotoxicity against SK-MEL-30 cell line were studied. RESULTS A percentage decrease in circulating Vγ9Vδ2 and an increase in CD45RA+CD27- and CD57+ γδ lymphocytes were observed in melanoma. IL-2/zoledronate expansion rate did not differ between controls and patients with melanoma but cytotoxicity against SK-MEL-30 appeared reduced. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that γδ cell function is impaired in patients with advanced melanoma and suggest a possible role in tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iacopo Petrini
- Department of Oncology, Transplant and New Advances in Medicine, BIOS, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy.
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Laggner U, Di Meglio P, Perera GK, Hundhausen C, Lacy KE, Ali N, Smith CH, Hayday AC, Nickoloff BJ, Nestle FO. Identification of a novel proinflammatory human skin-homing Vγ9Vδ2 T cell subset with a potential role in psoriasis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:2783-93. [PMID: 21813772 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
γδ T cells mediate rapid tissue responses in murine skin and participate in cutaneous immune regulation including protection against cancer. The role of human γδ cells in cutaneous homeostasis and pathology is characterized poorly. In this study, we show in vivo evidence that human blood contains a distinct subset of proinflammatory cutaneous lymphocyte Ag and CCR6-positive Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, which is rapidly recruited into perturbed human skin. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells produced an array of proinflammatory mediators including IL-17A and activated keratinocytes in a TNF-α- and IFN-γ-dependent manner. Examination of the common inflammatory skin disease psoriasis revealed a striking reduction of circulating Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in psoriasis patients compared with healthy controls and atopic dermatitis patients. Decreased numbers of circulating Vγ9Vδ2 T cells normalized after successful treatment with psoriasis-targeted therapy. Taken together with the increased presence of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in psoriatic skin, these data indicate redistribution of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells from the blood to the skin compartment in psoriasis. In summary, we report a novel human proinflammatory γδ T cell involved in skin immune surveillance with immediate response characteristics and with potential clinical relevance in inflammatory skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Laggner
- Cutaneous Medicine and Immunotherapy Unit, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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Truta-Feles K, Lagadari M, Lehmann K, Berod L, Cubillos S, Piehler S, Herouy Y, Barz D, Kamradt T, Maghazachi A, Norgauer J. Histamine modulates γδ-T lymphocyte migration and cytotoxicity, via Gi and Gs protein-coupled signalling pathways. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 161:1291-300. [PMID: 20977468 PMCID: PMC3000654 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The biogenic amine, histamine plays a pathophysiological regulatory role in cellular processes of a variety of immune cells. This work analyses the actions of histamine on γδ-T lymphocytes, isolated from human peripheral blood, which are critically involved in immunological surveillance of tumours. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We have analysed effects of histamine on the intracellular calcium, actin reorganization, migratory response and the interaction of human γδ T cells with tumour cells such as the A2058 human melanoma cell line, the human Burkitt's Non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell line Raji, the T-lymphoblastic lymphoma cell line Jurkat and the natural killer cell-sensitive erythroleukaemia cell line, K562. KEY RESULTS γδ T lymphocytes express mRNA for different histamine receptor subtypes. In human peripheral blood γδ T cells, histamine stimulated Pertussis toxin-sensitive intracellular calcium increase, actin polymerization and chemotaxis. However, histamine inhibited the spontaneous cytolytic activity of γδ T cells towards several tumour cell lines in a cholera toxin-sensitive manner. A histamine H(4) receptor antagonist abolished the histamine induced γδ T cell migratory response. A histamine H(2) receptor agonist inhibited γδ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Histamine activated signalling pathways typical of chemotaxis (G(i) protein-dependent actin reorganization, increase of intracellular calcium) and induced migratory responses in γδ T lymphocytes, via the H(4) receptor, whereas it down-regulated γδ T cell mediated cytotoxicity through H(2) receptors and G(s) protein-coupled signalling. Our data suggest that histamine activated γδ T cells could modulate immunological surveillance of tumour tissue.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/physiology
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/physiology
- Histamine/metabolism
- Histamine/pharmacology
- Histamine/physiology
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells
- K562 Cells
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- K Truta-Feles
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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Provinciali M, Re F, Tucci MG, Ricotti F, Lattanzio F. Persistent ex vivo low number and functional in vitro recovery of circulating gammadelta T cells after removal of a cutaneous primary melanoma. Scand J Immunol 2010; 72:142-9. [PMID: 20618773 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We recently described gammadelta T cells alterations in patients with a cutaneous primary melanoma. To evaluate whether gammadelta T cells alterations persisted after melanoma removal, we performed a follow-up study comparing the number and function of gammadelta T lymphocytes from 19 subjects, 4 years after the removal of a cutaneous primary melanoma, with the data obtained in the same subjects before the surgical intervention and with control donors. The number of circulating gammadelta(+) T cells after melanoma removal was not recovered to the levels found in controls. gammadelta(+) T cells producing TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma were increased after melanoma removal in comparison with the same subjects before surgical intervention or with control donors. After in vitro culture, both the percentage and the expansion of gammadelta T cells were recovered to the values found in controls. In conclusion, the functional capacity of gammadelta T cells was in vitro recovered after melanoma removal, whereas their ex vivo number remained at lower levels than control donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, INRCA-IRCCS, Scientific-Technological Area, Ancona, Italy.
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Abstract
Almost all individuals diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) will die of their disease as no effective therapies exist. Clearly, novel approaches to this problem are needed. Unlike the adaptive alphabeta T cell-mediated immune response, which requires antigen processing and MHC-restricted peptide display by antigen-presenting cells, gammadelta T cells can broadly recognize and immediately respond to a variety of MHC-like stress-induced self antigens, many of which are expressed on human GBM cells. Until now, there has been little progress toward clinical application, although several investigators have recently published clinically approvable methods for large-scale ex vivo expansion of functional gammadelta T cells for therapeutic purposes. This review discusses the biology of gammadelta T cells with respect to innate immunotherapy of cancer with a focus on GBM, and explores graft engineering techniques in development for the therapeutic use of gammadelta T cells.
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Couzi L, Levaillant Y, Jamai A, Pitard V, Lassalle R, Martin K, Garrigue I, Hawchar O, Siberchicot F, Moore N, Moreau JF, Dechanet-Merville J, Merville P. Cytomegalovirus-induced gammadelta T cells associate with reduced cancer risk after kidney transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 21:181-8. [PMID: 19713314 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2008101072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in the number of blood gammadelta T cells follows cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in kidney transplant recipients. These cells react against CMV-infected cells and tumor epithelial cells in vitro. We hypothesized that these CMV-induced gammadelta T cells play a protective role against cancer in kidney transplant recipients. We performed a longitudinal case-control study involving 18 recipients who developed cancer between 2 and 6 yr after transplantation and 45 recipients who did not. The median percentage of gammadelta T cells among total lymphocytes in patients with malignancies was significantly lower compared with that in control patients at 6, 12, and 18 mo before the diagnosis of cancer. Patients with a gammadelta T cell percentage of more than 4% were protected from cancer. An increase of the Vdelta2(neg) gammadelta T cell subset significantly associated with lower incidence of cancer only in recipients who experienced pre- or postgraft CMV infection. Finally, a retrospective follow-up of 131 recipients for 8 yr revealed that CMV-naive recipients had an approximately 5-fold higher risk of cancer compared with CMV-exposed patients. In summary, these results suggest a protective role of CMV exposure against cancer in kidney transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Couzi
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5164, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
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Bryant NL, Suarez-Cuervo C, Gillespie GY, Markert JM, Nabors LB, Meleth S, Lopez RD, Lamb LS. Characterization and immunotherapeutic potential of gammadelta T-cells in patients with glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2009; 11:357-67. [PMID: 19211933 DOI: 10.1215/15228517-2008-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical immunotherapeutic approaches to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) have shown mixed results, and therapies focused on innate lymphocyte activity against GBM have not been rigorously evaluated. We examined peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotype, gammadelta T-cell number, mitogenic response, and cytotoxicity against GBM cell lines and primary tumor explants from GBM patients at selected time points prior to and during GBM therapy. Healthy volunteers served as controls and were grouped by age. T-cell infiltration of tumors from these patients was assessed by staining for CD3 and T-cell receptor gammadelta. Our findings revealed no differences in counts of mean absolute T-cells, T-cell subsets CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+, and natural killer cells from healthy volunteers and patients prior to and immediately after GBM resection. In contrast, gammadelta T-cell counts and mitogen-stimulated proliferative response of gammadelta T-cells were markedly decreased prior to GBM resection and throughout therapy. Expanded/activated gammadelta T-cells from both patients and healthy volunteers kill GBM cell lines D54, U373, and U251, as well as primary GBM, without cytotoxicity to primary astrocyte cultures. Perivascular T-cell accumulation was noted in paraffin sections, but no organized T-cell invasion of the tumor parenchyma was seen. Taken together, these data suggest that gammadelta T-cell depletion and impaired function occur prior to or concurrent with the growth of the tumor. The significant cytotoxicity of expanded/activated gammadelta T-cells from both healthy controls and selected patients against primary GBM explants may open a previously unexplored approach to cellular immunotherapy of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole L Bryant
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Liu Z, Eltoum IEA, Guo B, Beck BH, Cloud GA, Lopez RD. Protective Immunosurveillance and Therapeutic Antitumor Activity of γδ T Cells Demonstrated in a Mouse Model of Prostate Cancer. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:6044-53. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.9.6044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Campillo JA, Martínez-Escribano JA, Minguela A, López-Alvarez R, Marín LA, García-Alonso AM, Bensussan A, Alvarez-López MR. Increased Number of Cytotoxic CD3+CD28– γδ T Cells in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma. Dermatology 2007; 214:283-8. [PMID: 17460398 DOI: 10.1159/000100878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 12/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rise of CD3+ TCRgammadelta+ CD28- T cells has previously been observed after an in vitro long-lasting activation or even during viral infection. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of CD28 on lymphocytes bearing CD3/TCRgammadelta receptors in cancer, i.e. cutaneous melanoma. METHODS TCRgammadelta lymphocytes were analysed in 41 Caucasian melanoma patients and 39 healthy individuals by flow cytometry. Patients were stratified according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) clinical stage. RESULTS The number of circulating CD3+ TCRgammadelta+ T cells was significantly increased in both AJCC stages I-II and AJCC stage III patients compared with healthy individuals. This increase was mediated by an accumulation of the CD3+ TCRgammadelta+ CD28- T-cell subset, which expressed a high amount of perforin both in normal individuals and melanoma patients. CONCLUSION This work shows, for the first time, a rise of the cytotoxic CD3+ TCRgammadelta+ CD28- T-cell population in melanoma patients, which may be important in anticancer surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Campillo
- Immunology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
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Godder KT, Henslee-Downey PJ, Mehta J, Park BS, Chiang KY, Abhyankar S, Lamb LS. Long term disease-free survival in acute leukemia patients recovering with increased γδ T cells after partially mismatched related donor bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007; 39:751-7. [PMID: 17450185 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has improved leukemia-free survival (LFS) in many but not all patients with acute leukemia. This is an eight-year follow-up to our previous study showing a survival advantage to patients with an increased gammadelta T cells following ASCT. gammadelta T cell levels were collected prospectively in 153 patients (acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) n = 77; acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) n = 76) undergoing partially mismatched related donor ASCT. Median age was 22 years (1-59), and 62% of the patients were in relapse at transplant. Patient-donor human leukocyte antigen (HLA) disparity of three antigens was 37% in the graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and 29% in the rejection directions. All patients received a partially T cell-depleted graft using T10B9 (n = 46) or OKT3 (n = 107). Five years LFS and overall survival (OS) of patients with increased gammadelta compared to those with normal/decreased numbers were 54.4 vs 19.1%; P < 0.0003, and 70.8 vs 19.6% P < 0.0001, respectively, with no difference in GvHD (P = 0.96). In a Cox multivariate analysis, normal/decreased gammadelta (hazard ratio (HR) 4.26, P = 0.0002) and sex mismatch (HR 1.45 P=0.049) were associated with inferior LFS. In conclusion, gammadelta T cells may facilitate a graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect, without causing GvHD. Further evaluations of this effect may lead to specific immunotherapy for patients with refractory leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Godder
- South Carolina Cancer Center, Columbia, SC, USA.
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Aswald JM, Wang XH, Aswald S, Lutynski A, Minden MD, Messner HA, Keating A. Flow cytometric assessment of autologous gammadelta T cells in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: potential effector cells for immunotherapy? CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2006; 70:379-90. [PMID: 16977635 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gammadelta T cells are a rare component of the circulating innate immune system capable of exerting anti-neoplastic activity. This population may be suitable for the adoptive immunotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Little is known however, about the frequency and function of circulating gammadelta T cells in AML. The aim of the study was to enumerate peripheral blood gammadelta T cells in patients with AML and explore the feasibility of their use clinically. METHODS We compared the absolute circulating gammadelta T cell levels in 33 AML patients before and after treatment versus 20 healthy volunteers using flow cytometry. The function of gammadelta T cells was assessed by detection of intracelluar interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and cytotoxicity against leukemic blasts. RESULTS AML patients with high blast counts prior to induction chemotherapy had marginally decreased gammadelta T cell levels compared with healthy controls: median 38/microL versus 83/microL; P = 0.051. Sequential gammadelta T cell enumeration after induction showed significantly decreased counts in patients with a persistently high blast burden compared to patients with reduced but detectable residual disease (molecular maker or borderline bone marrow infiltration): median 7/microL versus 105/microL; P = 0.008. Patients with residual disease had significantly higher gammadelta T cell counts compared to those retested after they had achieved complete remission (CR); P = 0.0025. In CR, gammadelta T cell counts remained lower than those of healthy individuals: median 33/microL versus 83/microL, P = 0.030. We detected a sharp increase (on average, four-fold higher than values in CR) of gammadelta T cells in patients in very early morphologic or molecular relapse. We also tested the functional properties of gammadelta T cells from patients with AML in CR. Flow cytometric assessment of IFN-gamma revealed similar numbers of gammadelta T cells expressing the T1 cytokine compared with healthy controls. We also showed that gammadelta T cells were able to kill leukemic target cells in vitro. CONCLUSION Flow cytometric assessment of gammadelta T cells in patients with AML revealed quantitative shifts with respect to disease status. Our data suggest that gammadelta T cells warrant further investigation as potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorg M Aswald
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
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Meeh PF, King M, O’Brien RL, Muga S, Buckhalts P, Neuberg R, Lamb LS. Characterization of the gammadelta T cell response to acute leukemia. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006; 55:1072-80. [PMID: 16328383 PMCID: PMC11031079 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-005-0094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2005] [Accepted: 10/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous work from our center has suggested a correlation between increased donor-derived Vdelta1+ gammadelta T cells and long-term relapse-free survival following bone marrow transplantation for leukemia. Questions remain, however, as to whether this observation can be explained by a gammadelta T cell-based immune response against primary leukemia. METHODS We examined gammadelta T cell receptor (TCR) phenotype, cell proliferation, and cytolytic activity following culture with irradiated primary leukemia blasts from a haploidentical first-degree relative. Subsequently, we also studied the gammadelta TCR phenotype and complimentarity determining region 3 (CDR3) cDNA sequences from 17 newly diagnosed leukemia patients. RESULTS In 17/28 (61%) of in vitro cultures, gammadelta T cells proliferated in culture with primary blasts. Vdelta1+ T cells were proportionally increased in all cultures and were the predominant cell population in 6/17. In the 7 cultures where cytotoxicity could be assessed, 6 (86%) showed some degree of cytotoxicity to the primary leukemia. Vdelta1+ T cells were also the predominant gammadelta T cell subtype in pre-treatment leukemia patients principally due to loss of Vdelta2+ T cells rather than expansion of Vdelta1+ cells. The Vdelta1 CDR3-region cDNA sequence from these patients revealed exclusive use of the Jdelta1 constant region and sequence conservation in 4/11 patients. CONCLUSIONS gammadelta T cells exhibit an in vitro response to primary leukemia blasts that is manifested by proliferation, an increased proportion of Vdelta1+ T cells, and cytotoxicity to the primary leukemia blasts. The Vdelta1+ T cell population is also predominant in newly diagnosed leukemia patients likely due to a loss of circulating Vdelta2+ T cells. A small proportion of newly diagnosed patients showed Vdelta1 CDR3 region similarity. These findings suggest a role for gammadelta T cells in the immune response to leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Complementarity Determining Regions/genetics
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Female
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Survival Rate
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F. Meeh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29203 USA
| | - Michelle King
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29203 USA
| | | | | | | | - Ronnie Neuberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29203 USA
- South Carolina Cancer Center, Columbia, SC 29203 USA
| | - Lawrence S. Lamb
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29203 USA
- South Carolina Cancer Center, Columbia, SC 29203 USA
- Departments of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
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Bas M, Bier H, Schirlau K, Friebe-Hoffmann U, Scheckenbach K, Balz V, Whiteside TL, Hoffmann TK. Gamma-delta T-cells in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Oral Oncol 2006; 42:691-7. [PMID: 16527515 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2005] [Revised: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In our attempt to characterize a general immune-suppression found in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) we now focused on a subset of CD3 lymphocytes described as gamma/delta-T-cells, a cell type with potential relevance in non-MHC restricted anti-tumor immune responses. Peripheral blood of 33 SCCHN patients and 33 age-matched controls (CON) was evaluated for the frequency of gamma/delta-T-cells among CD3+ T-cells and their onset of apoptosis (Annexin V binding) by multicolor flow cytometry. Results were correlated with clinical parameters. Patients with SCCHN had a significantly higher proportion of gamma/delta-T-cells compared to healthy controls (4.4+/-0.4% for SCCHN vs. 3.0+/-0.3% for CON, p=0.01). However, this increase was not paralleled with a difference in the onset of apoptosis if compared to CON. There was also no correlation between the proportion of gamma/delta-T-cells and tumor stage. However, a significantly higher proportion of gamma/delta-T-cells was found in patients with recurrent or metachronous second primary SCCHN (6.0+/-1.0%) if compared to the other SCCHN (3.8+/-0.4%, p=0.02). In a follow up 3-6 months post-treatment patients showed a decrease of gamma/delta-T-cells among CD3+cells (2.7+/-0.4%, n=4) if they were operated only and an increase if primary radio-chemotherapy (6.7+/-1.7%, n=8) or a combination of operation plus radio-chemotherapy (6.8+/-2.3%, n=3) was applied. Furthermore, patients receiving palliative treatment including radio-chemotherapy had highest values of gamma/delta-T-cells (9.1+/-2.7%, n=4) overall implicating that the treatment modality significantly influences the proportion of gamma/delta-T-cells. Since patients with SCCHN, particularly those with recurrent or second primary disease after treatment, had a higher proportion of gamma/delta-T-cells without signs of a reduced onset of apoptosis this could be due to an increased de novo generation. The current study implies that increased frequencies of gamma/delta-T-cells in patients with SCCHN may not only be the result of tumor-host interactions but the consequence of applied treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Bas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Re F, Poccia F, Donnini A, Bartozzi B, Bernardini G, Provinciali M. Skewed representation of functionally distinct populations of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T lymphocytes in aging. Exp Gerontol 2005; 40:59-66. [PMID: 15664733 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2004.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2004] [Revised: 09/02/2004] [Accepted: 09/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that numerical and functional alterations of gammadelta T cells are present in healthy elderly. Here we observed that the decreased absolute number of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells present in old subjects in comparison with young/adult and middle aged donors is due to the reduction of naive and central memory Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells bearing CD27 and CCR7 antigens. The proportion of effector/memory Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells lacking CD27 or CCR7 markers was significantly increased in the peripheral blood of old subjects in comparison with younger donors. Moreover, the percentage of CD69+ gammadelta T cells was significantly increased in old subjects in comparison with younger donors after overnight activation, confirming that more effector cells are available in aged people. A functional analysis in young/adult and middle aged donors revealed that effector/memory CD27- Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells are increased after 10-days of in vitro colture in the presence of isopentenylpyrophosphate (IPP) and IL-2. In contrast, the IPP+IL-2 mediated differentiation and expansion of CD27- effector/memory cells was absent in old subjects, confirming a lack of naive and central memory cells responding to IL-2. Accordingly, the expansion index of effector/memory CD27- Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells was negatively correlated with the donor age. Finally, terminally differentiated Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells measured as perforin content after 10-day in vitro expansion showed no age-related difference. These data demonstrated a shift of the circulating gammadelta T cell population towards CD27- and CCR7- effector T cells in the elderly with the reduction of immature CD27+ and CCR7+ T cell precursors.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Aging/immunology
- Antigens, CD/blood
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/blood
- Cell Division/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Hemiterpenes/immunology
- Humans
- Interleukin-2/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocyte Count
- Middle Aged
- Organophosphorus Compounds/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/blood
- Receptors, CCR7
- Receptors, Chemokine/blood
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Re
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Immunology Center, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy
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Re F, Donnini A, Bartozzi B, Bernardini G, Provinciali M. Circulating gammadelta T cells in young/adult and old patients with cutaneous primary melanoma. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2005; 2:2. [PMID: 15686597 PMCID: PMC549530 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2005] [Accepted: 02/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In a previous study we demonstrated the existence of numerical and functional alterations of gammadelta T cells in healthy elderly. Recently, we analysed the involvement of gammadelta T lymphocytes in malignant melanoma, describing a lower frequency of circulating gammadelta T cells, an altered pattern of cytokine production, and an impaired in vitro expansion of these cells in primary cutaneous melanoma patients. METHODS: In this study we investigated the existence of numerical and functional alterations of circulating gammadelta T cells in young/adult and old melanoma patients, comparing the data obtained with age-matched healthy subjects. RESULTS: We demonstrated that the number of circulating gammadelta+ T cells was significantly and similarly reduced in young/adult and old melanoma patients and in old healthy subjects in comparison with young healthy donors. The decrease was due to a reduction of Vdelta2 T cells whereas the number of Vdelta1 T cells was not affected. A higher percentage of gammadelta+ T cells producing TNF-alpha was found in old healthy donors, whereas a reduced number of TNF-alpha-producing gammadelta+ T cells was present in melanoma patients independently by age. No significant difference was observed in IFN-gamma production. After a 10-day in vitro culture, both the percentage and the expansion index of gammadelta T cells, and in particular of Vdelta2 subset, were significantly and similarly reduced both in young/adult and old melanoma patients, and in healthy aged people, in comparison with young/adult healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that the numerical and functional impairment of gammadelta T cells found in melanoma patients is not correlated with age and that it has characteristics very similar to the alterations of gammadelta T cells found in old healthy subjects. We suggest that a similar impairment of gammadelta T cell population may be related to the increased susceptibility to tumors present in the elderly as well as in the pathogenesis of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Re
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Immunology Center, I.N.R.C.A. Res. Dept., Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessia Donnini
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Immunology Center, I.N.R.C.A. Res. Dept., Ancona, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bartozzi
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Immunology Center, I.N.R.C.A. Res. Dept., Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Immunology Center, I.N.R.C.A. Res. Dept., Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Provinciali
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Immunology Center, I.N.R.C.A. Res. Dept., Ancona, Italy
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Provinciali M, Smorlesi A. Immunoprevention and immunotherapy of cancer in ageing. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2005; 54:93-106. [PMID: 15558281 PMCID: PMC11032815 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-004-0539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2003] [Accepted: 03/15/2004] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years there has been a growing interest in geriatric oncology, mainly because of the evidence that advanced age is the greatest risk factor for the development of cancer and that, since the elderly population is rapidly expanding, so too will the number of cancer patients. This forecast necessitates the development of new and more specific strategies for the prevention and cure of cancer in the elderly and as a result an ever-increasing need for oncologists, geriatricians and researchers to work closely together. The increased incidence of cancer in elderly people has been related to the age-associated changes occurring in the immune system, the so-called immunosenescence. This phenomenon is best characterised by a remodelling of the immune system, which appears early on and progresses throughout a person's life and mainly involves a decrease in cellular functions. This review aims to provide a rationale for the development of specific immunotherapeutic and immunopreventive regimens for the elderly. We also include a discussion on the influence that immunosenescence has on the growth of tumours and the effectiveness of immunogene therapy and cancer vaccination following a brief analysis of the age-related alterations of the cell populations involved in antitumour immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Provinciali
- INRCA Research Department, Laboratory of Tumour Immunology, Via Birarelli 8, 60121, Ancona, Italy.
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