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Abe M, Masuda M, Mizukami Y, Inoue S, Mizutani Y. Epidermal keratinocytes regulate hyaluronan metabolism via extracellularly secreted hyaluronidase 1 and hyaluronan synthase 3. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107449. [PMID: 38844132 PMCID: PMC11292368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a high-molecular-weight (HMW) glycosaminoglycan, which is a fundamental component of the extracellular matrix that is involved in a variety of biological processes. We previously showed that the HYBID/KIAA1199/CEMIP axis plays a key role in the depolymerization of HMW-HA in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). However, its roles in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) remained unclear. HYBID mRNA expression in NHEKs was lower than that in NHDFs, and NHEKs showed no depolymerization of extracellular HMW-HA in culture, indicating that HYBID does not contribute to extracellular HA degradation. In this study, we found that the cell-free conditioned medium of NHEKs degraded HMW-HA under weakly acidic conditions (pH 4.8). This degrading activity was abolished by hyaluronidase 1 (HYAL1) knockdown but not by HYAL2 knockdown. Newly synthesized HYAL1 was mainly secreted extracellularly, and the secretion of HYAL1 was increased during differentiation, suggesting that epidermal interspace HA is physiologically degraded by HYAL1 according to pH decrease during stratum corneum formation. In HA synthesis, hyaluronan synthase 3 (HAS3) knockdown reduced HA production by NHEKs, and interferon-γ-dependent HA synthesis was correlated with increased HAS3 expression. Furthermore, HA production was increased by TMEM2 knockdown through enhanced HAS3 expression. These results indicate that NHEKs regulate HA metabolism via HYAL1 and HAS3, and TMEM2 is a regulator of HAS3-dependent HA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minori Abe
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Manami Masuda
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoichi Mizukami
- Institute of Gene Research, Yamaguchi University Science Research Center, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shintaro Inoue
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Mizutani
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
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Park M, Kim JW. Updates on the mechanisms of toxicities associated with monoclonal antibodies targeting growth factor signaling and immune cells in cancer. Toxicol Res 2024; 40:335-348. [PMID: 38911540 PMCID: PMC11187026 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-024-00233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based immunotherapy currently is considered to be an optimal therapeutic approach to cancer treatment, either in combination with surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy or alone. Various solid tumors and hematological malignancies have been characterized by distinct molecular targets, which could be utilized as innovative anticancer agents. Notably, receptor tyrosine kinases, including HER2, EGFR, VEGFR, and PDGFR, which act as receptors for growth factors, serve as crucial target proteins, expanding their role in the cancer therapeutic market. In contrast to conventional anticancer agents that directly target cancer cells, the advent of immunotherapy introduces novel approaches, such as immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) and mAbs targeting surface antigens on immune cells in hematological malignancies and lymphomas. While these immunotherapies have mitigated the acquired resistance observed in traditional targeted therapies, they also exhibit diverse toxicities. Herein, this review focuses on describing the well-established toxicities and newly proposed mechanisms of monoclonal antibody toxicity in recent studies. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is indispensable to overcoming the limitations of mAbs-based therapies, facilitating the development of innovative anticancer agents, and uncovering novel indications for cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miso Park
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju-do, Republic of Korea
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Rashki Ghaleno L, Pennisi CP, Shahverdi A, Dardmeh F, Alipour H, Rezazadeh Valojerdi M. Exploring the Role of Hyaluronic Acid in Reproductive Biology and Beyond: Applications in Assisted Reproduction and Tissue Engineering. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300621. [PMID: 38580620 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) plays a prominent role in various aspects of reproductive biology and assisted reproductive technologies (ART). This review describes the multifaceted influence of HA, ranging from primordial germ cell migration, ovarian follicle development, and ovulation in females to sperm structure, physiology, motility, and capacitation in males. In addition, HA also plays an important role in fertilization and promotes embryo implantation by mediating cellular adhesion and communication within the uterus. Against this physiological background, the review examines the current applications of HA in the context of ART. In addition, the article addresses the emerging field of reproductive tissue engineering, where HA-based hydrogels offer promising perspectives as they can support the development of mature oocytes and spermatogenesis in vitro. Overall, this review highlights the integral role of HA in the intricate mechanisms of reproductive biology and its growing importance for improving ART outcomes and the field of tissue engineering of the reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Rashki Ghaleno
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Medical Technologies, Royan Institute, ACECR, Tehran, 19395-4644, Iran
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, 19395-4644, Iran
| | - Cristian Pablo Pennisi
- Regenerative Medicine, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, 9260, Denmark
| | - Abdolhossein Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, 19395-4644, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Dardmeh
- Regenerative Medicine, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, 9260, Denmark
| | - Hiva Alipour
- Regenerative Medicine, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, 9260, Denmark
| | - Mojtaba Rezazadeh Valojerdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, 19395-4644, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-111, Iran
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Tian Y, Cheng T, Sun F, Zhou Y, Yuan C, Guo Z, Wang Z. Effect of biophysical properties of tumor extracellular matrix on intratumoral fate of nanoparticles: Implications on the design of nanomedicine. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 326:103124. [PMID: 38461766 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has a profound impact on various research domains including drug delivery, diagnostics, theranostics, and regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, the clinical translation of nanomedicines for solid cancer remains limited due to the abundant physiological and pathological barriers in tumor that hinder the intratumoral penetration and distribution of these nanomedicines. In this article, we review the dynamic remodeling of tumor extracellular matrix during the tumor progression, discuss the impact of biophysical obstacles within tumors on the penetration and distribution of nanomedicines within the solid tumor and collect innovative approaches to surmount these obstacles for improving the penetration and accumulation of nanomedicines in tumor. Furthermore, we dissect the challenges and opportunities of the respective approaches, and propose potential avenues for future investigations. The purpose of this review is to provide a perspective guideline on how to effectively enhance the penetration of nanomedicines within tumors using promising methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachao Tian
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Heilongjiang Guoru Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiangfang District, Harbin City 150030, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Tianfu Cheng
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Fuwei Sun
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Yaxin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Zengwang Guo
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Zhongjiang Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
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Kim KH, Lee S, Bae S. Whitening and moisturizing enhancing effects of three-dimensional human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium-containing cream. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:3352-3361. [PMID: 37352456 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-functional cosmetic products combined with the concept of "treatment" cosmetics are being introduced to the market. Cosmetic products containing a skin-derived microbiome, a three-dimensional (3D) stem cell culture medium, and low-molecular-weight collagen are being introduced, and these products are leading the cosmeceutical market. We aimed to confirm the potential of a 3D stem cell culture medium-containing cream as a skin-whitening and moisturizing product. AIM To determine the enhancing effects of a cream containing 3D adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned media (3D ADMSC-CM) on whitening and moisturization. METHODS The inhibitory activities of tyrosinase (TYR) and melanin were confirmed using 3D ADMSC-CM. Furthermore, hyaluronic acid expression in 3D ADMSC-CM was verified. The clinical efficacy of the cream containing 3D ADMSC-CM was established by evaluating its antioxidant properties and effects on skin tone, radiance, freckles, and moisturization. RESULTS The use of 3D ADMSC-CM suppressed the inhibitory effects of TYR and melanin by approximately 24% and 33%, respectively, and increased the expression of hyaluronic acid synthase. A significant difference was observed after 4 weeks of using 3D ADMSC-CM in the skin antioxidant evaluation. After 2 and 4 weeks of use, skin tone and radiance increased and skin freckles decreased significantly. Under extremely cold and dry weather conditions, the use of the cream increased skin moisturization. CONCLUSIONS The 3D ADMSC-CM cream evaluated in an environment similar to the human body was found to enhance skin whitening and moisturization and can therefore be used in the skin care and cosmetic industries as a biocosmetic product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hye Kim
- Department of Cosmetics, Engineering Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cosemeceutical Team, DongKoo Bio & Pharma, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunray Lee
- Stem Cell Niche Division, CEFO Research center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Department of Cosmetics, Engineering Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zheng X, Wang B, Tang X, Mao B, Zhang Q, Zhang T, Zhao J, Cui S, Chen W. Absorption, metabolism, and functions of hyaluronic acid and its therapeutic prospects in combination with microorganisms: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120153. [PMID: 36876779 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is key to the stability of the internal environment of tissues. HA content in tissues gradually decreases with age, causing age-related health problems. Exogenous HA supplements are used to prevent or treat these problems including skin dryness and wrinkles, intestinal imbalance, xerophthalmia, and arthritis after absorption. Moreover, some probiotics are able to promote endogenous HA synthesis and alleviate symptoms caused by HA loss, thus introducing potential preventative or therapeutic applications of HA and probiotics. Here, we review the oral absorption, metabolism, and biological function of HA as well as the potential role of probiotics and HA in increasing the efficacy of HA supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Botao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Bloomage Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tianmeng Zhang
- Bloomage Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinan 250000, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Rajaei S, Doudi M, Setorki M, Ahadi AM. Clinical and histopathological effects of ointment prepared from kombucha floating cellulose layer on wound healing and the activity of matrix metalloproteinase 1 in diabetic rats. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.8.81288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: High blood glucose results in high levels of matrix metalloproteinases. Clinical and histopathological effects of the kombucha ointment on the healing of diabetic wounds were evaluated.
Materials and methods: This study was conducted at research Lab, Department of Micobiology, Falavarjan of Branch Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran from October 2019 to September 2020. A 6 mm diameter ulcer was aseptically created on the back of forty-eight rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: the group that was treated with base ointment, the group that was treated with 10% kombucha ointment, the group that was treated with 20% kombucha ointment, and the group that received no ointment treatment. Then the rats in each group were divided to 4 sampling groups that were sampled on the second, fifth, tenth, and fourteenth days. Microscopic features, inflammation and vasculature and fibroblast infiltration, as well as the matrix metalloproteinase 1(MMP1) were evaluated on days 2, 5, 10, 14 after wound healing.
Results: 20% kombucha ointment let to inflammation and an angiogenesis decrease compared to those in the basic group and 10%-kombucha-ointment group. Also 20% kombucha ointment led to an increase in vascular remodeling and penetration of fibroblasts. MMP1 levels increased on the second (p < 0.001) and fifth days after wounding when treatrd with 10% and 20% kombucha ointment (p > 0.05). The expression of MMP1 decreased on the ten and fourteenth days when using 20% kombucha ointment compared to the control, placebo, and 10% kombucha ointment groups (p > 0.05).
Discussion: The histopatological finding indicated that both quantity and time duration of the treatment had significant effects on a degree of inflammation and angiogenesis.
Сonclusion: Ointment prepared from 20% scoby improved the healing of diabetic ulcers within 14 days.
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Zerumbone Treatment Upregulates Hyaluronic Acid Synthesis via the MAPK, CREB, STAT3, and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in HaCaT Cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Ota Y, Yoshida H, Endo Y, Sayo T, Takahashi Y. A Connecting Link between Hyaluronan Synthase 3-Mediated Hyaluronan Production and Epidermal Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052424. [PMID: 35269567 PMCID: PMC8910372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA), an essential component of the extracellular matrix of the skin, is synthesized by HA synthases (HAS1-3). To date, epidermal HA has been considered a major player in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. However, a previous study reported that depletion of epidermal HA by Streptomyces hyaluronidase (St-HAase) has no influence on epidermal structure and function. In the present study, to further explore roles of epidermal HA, we examined effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of HAS3, as well as conventional HA-depletion methods using St-HAase and 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU), on epidermal turnover and architecture in reconstructed skin or epidermal equivalents. Consistent with previous findings, HA depletion by St-HAase did not have a substantial influence on the epidermal architecture and turnover in skin equivalents. 4MU treatment resulted in reduced keratinocyte proliferation and epidermal thinning but did not seem to substantially decrease the abundance of extracellular HA. In contrast, siRNA-mediated knockdown of HAS3 in epidermal equivalents resulted in a significant reduction in epidermal HA content and thickness, accompanied by decreased keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. These results suggest that HAS3-mediated HA production, rather than extracellularly deposited HA, may play a role in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, at least in the developing epidermis in reconstructed epidermal equivalents.
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Oh JH, Hur W, Li N, Jo SJ. Effects of the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, gefitinib, on lipid and hyaluronic acid synthesis in cultured HaCaT keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:918-927. [PMID: 35122447 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) are widely used for treating various cancers, including lung, colon, head and neck cancers. However, EGFRIs have unique dermatological side effects, including acneiform eruption, dry skin, paronychias, and pruritus. In this study, we investigated the molecular changes induced by an EGFRI, gefitinib, in the expression of lipogenic enzymes and hyaluronic acid (HA) regulatory proteins in HaCaT keratinocytes, and whether EGF restored these changes. HaCaT cells were treated with gefitinib, with or without EGF, and treated with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) for inducing an inflammatory response. The mRNA and protein expression was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blotting. Gefitinib enhanced the TNFα-induced expression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL5, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), and the expression of TNFα in HaCaT cells, while EGF restored these changes. At a similar concentration range, gefitinib reduced the mRNA and/or protein expression of various lipogenic enzymes for fatty acid, cholesterol, and ceramide synthesis, except acidic sphingomyelinase. Gefitinib suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of HA synthase 2 (HAS2), HAS3, cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), hyaluronidase 1 (HYAL1), and HYAL2, except the mRNA expression of HYAL1. EGF restored the changes induced by gefitinib, except for the mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein (ELOVL) 6. In conclusion, EGFRIs suppress lipogenesis and HA metabolism, which may contribute to adverse dermatological effects, including barrier function impairment in cancer patients treated with EGFRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Hee Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojune Hur
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Li
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jin Jo
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center for Skin Cancer and Adverse Skin Reaction to Chemotherapeutics, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Weiz G, Molejon MI, Malvicini M, Sukowati CHC, Tiribelli C, Mazzolini G, Breccia JD. Glycosylated 4-methylumbelliferone as a targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2022; 42:444-457. [PMID: 34800352 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Reaching efficacious drug delivery to target cells/tissues represents a major obstacle in the current treatment of solid malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we developed a pipeline to selective add complex-sugars to the aglycone 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) to help their bioavailability and tumour cell intake. METHODS The therapeutic efficacy of sugar-modified rutinosyl-4-methylumbelliferone (4MUR) and 4MU were compared in vitro and in an orthotopic HCC model established in fibrotic livers. The mechanistic bases of its selective target to liver tumour cells were evaluated by the interaction with asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), the mRNA expression of hyaluronan synthases (HAS2 or HAS3) and hyaluronan deposition. RESULTS 4MUR showed a significant antiproliferative effect on liver tumoural cells as compared to non-tumoural cells in a dose-dependent manner. Further analysis showed that 4MUR is incorporated mostly into HCC cells by interaction with ASGPR, a receptor commonly overexpressed in HCC cells. 4MUR-treatment decreased the levels of HAS2 and HAS3 and the cytoplasmic deposition of hyaluronan. Moreover, 4MUR reduced CFSC-2G activation, hence reducing the fibrosis. In vivo efficacy showed that 4MUR treatment displayed a greater tumour growth inhibition and increased survival in comparison to 4MU. 4MUR administration was associated with a significant reduction of liver fibrosis without any signs of tissue damage. Further, 60% of 4MUR treated mice did not present macroscopically tumour mass post-treatment. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence that 4MUR may be used as an effective HCC therapy, without damaging non-tumoural cells or other organs, most probably due to the specific targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Weiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP), Universidad Nacional de La Pampa - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNLPam-CONICET), Santa Rosa, Argentina
| | - Maria I Molejon
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP), Universidad Nacional de La Pampa - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNLPam-CONICET), Santa Rosa, Argentina
| | - Mariana Malvicini
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT) Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET, Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Argentina
| | | | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, AREA Science Park Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Guillermo Mazzolini
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET, Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Argentina.,Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Austral, Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Argentina
| | - Javier D Breccia
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP), Universidad Nacional de La Pampa - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNLPam-CONICET), Santa Rosa, Argentina
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12
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Rinaldi F, Marotta L, Mascolo A, Amoruso A, Pane M, Giuliani G, Pinto D. Facial Acne: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study on the Clinical Efficacy of a Symbiotic Dietary Supplement. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:577-589. [PMID: 35061237 PMCID: PMC8850513 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-021-00664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Treatments other than topical and systemic antibiotics are needed to restore the dysbiosis correlated with acne onset and evolution. In this view, probiotics and botanical extracts could represent a valid adjunctive therapeutic approach. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a dietary supplement containing probiotics (Bifidobacterium breve BR03 DSM 16604, Lacticaseibacillus casei LC03 DSM 27537, and Ligilactobacillus salivarius LS03 DSM 22776) and botanical extract (lupeol from Solanum melongena L. and Echinacea extract) in subjects with mild to moderate acne over an 8-week study period. Methods Monocentric, randomized, double-blind, four-arm, placebo-controlled clinical study involving 114 subjects. Results A significant (p < 0.05) effect on the number of superficial inflammatory lesions was reported over the study period in the subjects taking the study agent (group II) (−56.67%), the botanical extracts (group III) (−40.00%), and the probiotics (group IV) (−38.89%) versus placebo (−10.00%). A significant (p < 0.05) decrease in mean desquamation score, sebum secretion rate, and porphyrin mean count versus baseline was also reported, and the effect was most evident for group II. The analysis of log relative abundance after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment compared with baseline showed a significant (p < 0.01) decrease in Cutibacterium acnes and S. aureus, along with a contextually and significant (p < 0.05) increase in Staphylococcus epidermidis, especially in group II. No significant changes were reported for group I. Conclusion The results from this study suggest that the administration of the dietary supplement under study was effective, safe, and well tolerated in subjects with mild to moderate acne and could represent a promising optional complement for the treatment of inflammatory acne as well as for control of acne-prone skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Rinaldi
- Research and Development Department, Giuliani S.p.A., Palagi, 2, 20129, Milan, MI, Italy.
| | - Laura Marotta
- Research and Development Department, Giuliani S.p.A., Palagi, 2, 20129, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Antonio Mascolo
- Research and Development Department, Giuliani S.p.A., Palagi, 2, 20129, Milan, MI, Italy
| | | | - Marco Pane
- Probiotical Research S.r.l., Novara, Italy
| | - Giammaria Giuliani
- Research and Development Department, Giuliani S.p.A., Palagi, 2, 20129, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Daniela Pinto
- Research and Development Department, Giuliani S.p.A., Palagi, 2, 20129, Milan, MI, Italy
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Retinoic acid induces hyaluronic acid production through the klotho-mediated EGFR signaling pathway in human epidermal keratinocytes. ARCH BIOL SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/abs220215007c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (RA) is an effective anti-aging chemical substance
widely used in skin-care products. RA compromises epidermal differentiation
and induces keratinocyte proliferation, causing hyaluronic acid production
through mechanisms that are not completely understood. Klotho protein causes
the differentiation of human epidermal keratinocytes. Klotho gene expression
is mediated by epidermal growth factor (EGF), which inhibits cell apoptosis
in aging-related diseases. The klotho gene causes human aging syndrome,
including short lifespan, skin atrophy, and osteoporosis. We investigated
the relationship between RA and klotho in epidermal keratinocytes for the
first time. In human epidermal keratinocytes, RA induced klotho gene
expression. Treatment with both RA and recombinant klotho induced hyaluronic
acid production in human epidermal keratinocytes. However, in klotho small
interfering RNA (siRNA)-transfected keratinocytes, RA produced less
hyaluronic acid than in the control group, indicating that RA may partially
regulate hyaluronic acid production through a klotho-dependent pathway.
Knockdown of klotho gene expression inactivated the EGFR-extracellular
signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, which is involved in
hyaluronic acid production. We concluded that the effect of RA on hyaluronic
acid production is partly regulated through the klothomediated EGFR
signaling pathway in human epidermal keratinocytes.
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Evrard C, Faway E, De Vuyst E, Svensek O, De Glas V, Bergerat D, Salmon M, De Backer O, Flamion B, Le-Buanec H, Lambert de Rouvroit C, Poumay Y. Deletion of TNFAIP6 Gene in Human Keratinocytes Demonstrates a Role for TSG-6 to Retain Hyaluronan Inside Epidermis. JID INNOVATIONS 2021; 1:100054. [PMID: 34909750 PMCID: PMC8659394 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TSG-6 is a soluble protein secreted in the extracellular matrix by various cell types in response to inflammatory stimuli. TSG-6 interacts with extracellular matrix molecules, particularly hyaluronan (HA), and promotes cutaneous wound closure in mice. Between epidermal cells, the discrete extracellular matrix contains HA and a tiny amount of TSG-6. However, challenges imposed to keratinocytes in reconstructed human epidermis revealed strong induction of TSG-6 expression, after exposure to T helper type 2 cytokines to recapitulate the atopic dermatitis phenotype or after fungal infection that causes secretion of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. After both types of challenge, enhanced release of TSG-6 happens simultaneously with increased HA production. TSG-6 deficiency in N/TERT keratinocytes was created by inactivating TNFAIP6 using CRISPR/Cas9. Some TSG-6 -/- keratinocytes analyzed through scratch assays tend to migrate more slowly but produce reconstructed human epidermis that exhibits normal morphology and differentiation. Few significant alterations were noticed by transcriptomic analysis. Nevertheless, reduced HA content in TSG-6 -/- reconstructed human epidermis was observed, along with enhanced HA release into the culture medium, and this phenotype was even more pronounced after the challenging conditions. Reintroduction of cells producing TSG-6 in reconstructed human epidermis reduced HA leakage. Our results show a role for TSG-6 in sequestering HA between epidermal cells in response to inflammation.
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Key Words
- AD, atopic dermatitis
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- GEO, Gene Expression Omnibus
- HA, hyaluronan
- HAS, hyaluronan synthase
- KC, keratinocyte
- KLK, kallikrein
- RHE, reconstructed human epidermis
- RNA-seq, RNA sequencing
- Th, T helper type
- crRNA, CRISPR RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Evrard
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Emilie Faway
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Evelyne De Vuyst
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Olivier Svensek
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Valérie De Glas
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | | | | | - Olivier De Backer
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Bruno Flamion
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Hélène Le-Buanec
- Laboratory of Oncodermatology, Immunology, and Cutaneous Stem Cells, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U976, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Lambert de Rouvroit
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Yves Poumay
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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15
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Evrard C, Lambert de Rouvroit C, Poumay Y. Epidermal Hyaluronan in Barrier Alteration-Related Disease. Cells 2021; 10:3096. [PMID: 34831319 PMCID: PMC8618819 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In skin, although the extracellular matrix (ECM) is highly developed in dermis and hypodermis, discrete intercellular spaces between cells of the living epidermal layers are also filled with ECM components. Herein, we review knowledge about structure, localization and role of epidermal hyaluronan (HA), a key ECM molecule. HA is a non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan non-covalently bound to proteins or lipids. Components of the basal lamina maintain some segregation between the epidermis and the underlying dermis, and all epidermal HA is locally synthesized and degraded. Functions of HA in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation are still controversial. However, through interactions with partners, such as the TSG-6 protein, HA is involved in the formation, organization and stabilization of the epidermal ECM. In addition, epidermal HA is involved in the formation of an efficient epidermal barrier made of cornified keratinocytes. In atopic dermatitis (AD) with profuse alterations of the epidermal barrier, HA is produced in larger amounts by keratinocytes than in normal skin. Epidermal HA inside AD lesional skin is located in enlarged intercellular spaces, likely as the result of disease-related modifications of HA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yves Poumay
- Research Unit for Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), Department of Medicine, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium; (C.E.); (C.L.d.R.)
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16
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Šínová R, Pavlík V, Ondrej M, Velebný V, Nešporová K. Hyaluronan: A key player or just a bystander in skin photoaging? Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:442-458. [PMID: 34726319 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoaged skin exhibits signs of inflammation, DNA damage and changes in morphology that are visible at the macroscopic and microscopic levels. Photoaging also affects the extracellular matrix (ECM) including hyaluronan (HA), the main polysaccharide component thereof. HA is a structurally simple but biologically complex molecule that serves as a water-retaining component and provides both a scaffold for a number of the proteins of the ECM and the ligand for cellular receptors. The study provides an overview of the literature concerning the changes in HA amount, size and metabolism, and the potential role of HA in photoaging. We also suggest novel HA contributions to photoaging based on our knowledge of the role of HA in other pathological processes, including the senescence and inflammation-triggered ECM reorganization. Moreover, we discuss potential direct or indirect intervention to mitigate photoaging that targets the hyaluronan metabolism, as well as supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Šínová
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic.,Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Pavlík
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Ondrej
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic.,Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense in Brno, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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17
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Endo Y, Yoshida H, Akazawa Y, Yamazaki K, Ota Y, Sayo T, Takahashi Y. Antiwrinkle efficacy of 1-ethyl-β-N-acetylglucosaminide, an inducer of epidermal hyaluronan production. Skin Res Technol 2021; 28:58-65. [PMID: 34455631 PMCID: PMC9907628 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaluronan (HA) has a unique hydration capacity that contributes to firmness and bounciness of the skin. Epidermal HA declines with skin aging, which may lead to clinical signs of aging including skin wrinkles and loss of hydration and elasticity. Recently, we developed a new cosmetic agent 1-ethyl-β-N-acetylglucosaminide (β-NAG2), which enhances HA production in cultured human keratinocytes. The aim of this study was to explore antiaging potential of β-NAG2 in reconstructed human epidermal models and human clinical trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS The amount of HA in β-NAG2-treated epidermal models by topical application was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-like assay. A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study was conducted in Japanese females (n = 33) by topically treating each side of the face with a lotion formulated with β-NAG2 or placebo for 8 weeks. RESULTS Topically applied β-NAG2 dose dependently increased HA production in epidermal models. Treatment with β-NAG2-formulated lotion significantly improved skin hydration and elasticity and reduced skin wrinkling in crow's foot areas when compared to the placebo formulation. CONCLUSION Topically applied β-NAG2 promoted epidermal HA production in vitro and showed antiwrinkle activity in vivo accompanying the improvement in skin hydration and elasticity. Our study provides a novel strategy for antiwrinkle care through β-NAG2-induced epidermal HA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Endo
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Kotobuki-cho, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshida
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Kotobuki-cho, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yumiko Akazawa
- Skin Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, Kotobuki-cho, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamazaki
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Kotobuki-cho, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ota
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Kotobuki-cho, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sayo
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Kotobuki-cho, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshito Takahashi
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Kotobuki-cho, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
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18
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Akazawa Y, Yoshida H, Endo Y, Sugita J, Yakumaru M, Sayo T. 1-Ethyl-β-N-acetylglucosaminide increases hyaluronan production in human keratinocytes by being converted to N-acetylglucosamine via β-N-acetylglucosaminidase-dependent manner. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1433-1440. [PMID: 33836055 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of hyaluronan (HA) is important for the maintenance of epidermal homeostasis. Here, we examined the mechanism by which 1-ethyl-β-N-acetylglucosaminide (β-NAG2), a newly developed N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) derivative, increases HA production in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes. When keratinocytes were treated with β-NAG2, mRNA expression of HA synthase 3, which is responsible for HA production in human keratinocytes, was not influenced, but the intracellular level of UDP-NAG, a substrate used for HA synthesis, was increased. By using a synthetic substrate for β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (β-NAGase), keratinocytes were found to possess β-NAGase activity, and treatment of o-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidene) amino N-phenyl carbamate (PUGNAc), an inhibitor of β-NAGase, abolished the release of NAG from β-NAG2 in keratinocytes. Furthermore, PUGNAc attenuated the β-NAG2-induced intracellular UDP-NAG and HA production in keratinocytes. These results suggest that β-NAG2 is converted to NAG by endogenous β-NAGase in keratinocytes, and the resulting NAG is further metabolized to UDP-NAG and utilized for HA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Akazawa
- Skin Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshida
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Endo
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Sugita
- Skin Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yakumaru
- Skin Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sayo
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
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19
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Huang J, Zhang L, Wan D, Zhou L, Zheng S, Lin S, Qiao Y. Extracellular matrix and its therapeutic potential for cancer treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:153. [PMID: 33888679 PMCID: PMC8062524 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the major components of tumors that plays multiple crucial roles, including mechanical support, modulation of the microenvironment, and a source of signaling molecules. The quantity and cross-linking status of ECM components are major factors determining tissue stiffness. During tumorigenesis, the interplay between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) often results in the stiffness of the ECM, leading to aberrant mechanotransduction and further malignant transformation. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of ECM dysregulation in the TME would contribute to the discovery of promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Herein, we summarized the knowledge concerning the following: (1) major ECM constituents and their functions in both normal and malignant conditions; (2) the interplay between cancer cells and the ECM in the TME; (3) key receptors for mechanotransduction and their alteration during carcinogenesis; and (4) the current therapeutic strategies targeting aberrant ECM for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Dalong Wan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shengzhang Lin
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Yiting Qiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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20
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MEK/ERK signaling is a critical regulator of high-risk human papillomavirus oncogene expression revealing therapeutic targets for HPV-induced tumors. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009216. [PMID: 33481911 PMCID: PMC7857559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pathogens have evolved to utilize normal cellular processes to complete their replicative cycles. Pathogens that interface with proliferative cell signaling pathways risk infections that can lead to cancers, but the factors that influence malignant outcomes are incompletely understood. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) predominantly cause benign hyperplasia in stratifying epithelial tissues. However, a subset of carcinogenic or “high-risk” HPV (hr-HPV) genotypes are etiologically linked to nearly 5% of all human cancers. Progression of hr-HPV-induced lesions to malignancies is characterized by increased expression of the E6 and E7 oncogenes and the oncogenic functions of these viral proteins have been widely studied. Yet, the mechanisms that regulate hr-HPV oncogene transcription and suppress their expression in benign lesions remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling, influenced by epithelial contact inhibition and tissue differentiation cues, regulates hr-HPV oncogene expression. Using monolayer cells, epithelial organotypic tissue models, and neoplastic tissue biopsy materials, we show that cell-extrinsic activation of ERK overrides cellular control to promote HPV oncogene expression and the neoplastic phenotype. Our data suggest that HPVs are adapted to use the EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling pathway to regulate their productive replicative cycles. Mechanistic studies show that EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling influences AP-1 transcription factor activity and AP-1 factor knockdown reduces oncogene transcription. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibitors of EGFR, MEK, and ERK signaling quash HPV oncogene expression and the neoplastic phenotype, revealing a potential clinical strategy to suppress uncontrolled cell proliferation, reduce oncogene expression and treat HPV neoplasia. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections occur in differentiating squamous epithelium and induce hyperplasia during the viral replicative cycle. Although HPV oncogene expression is necessary to promote cellular proliferation for viral genome amplification in the middle epithelial layers, oncogene levels are thereafter suppressed to permit differentiation-induced late gene expression in the uppermost epithelial cells. Yet, the mechanisms responsible for controlling HPV oncogene expression are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling, which is subject to the normal cellular cues of contact inhibition and epithelial tissue differentiation, is a critical regulator of hr-HPV oncogene expression. We found that extrinsic activation of ERK overrides cellular control to promote oncogene expression and the neoplastic phenotype. Many epidemiologically defined risk factors activate the EGFR/MEK/ERK pathway, suggesting a common mechanism whereby they may promote HPV persistence and disease progression. Lastly, we show that HPV oncogene transcription and protein expression remain susceptible to MEK/ERK control in early neoplastic tissues and tumor cells and that targeted inhibition of MEK/ERK signaling might be exploited therapeutically for HPV-induced infections and tumors.
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21
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Yang H, Song L, Zou Y, Sun D, Wang L, Yu Z, Guo J. Role of Hyaluronic Acids and Potential as Regenerative Biomaterials in Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:311-324. [PMID: 35014286 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The skin can protect the body from external harm, sense environmental changes, and maintain physiological homeostasis. Cutaneous repair and regeneration associated with surgical wounds, acute traumas, and chronic diseases are a central concern of healthcare. Patients may experience the failure of current treatments due to the complexity of the healing process; therefore, emerging strategies are needed. Hyaluronic acids (HAs, also known as hyaluronan), a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) of the extracellular matrix (ECM), play key roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, and migration throughout tissue development and regeneration. Recently, HA derivatives have been developed as regenerative biomaterials for treating skin damage and injury. In this review, the healing process, namely, hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation, is described and the role of HAs in the healing process is discussed. This review also provides recent examples in the development of HA derivatives for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Liu Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yifang Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dandan Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of FAW, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Department of Hepatopathy, Shuguang Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianfeng Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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22
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Endo Y, Yoshida H, Ota Y, Akazawa Y, Sayo T, Hanai U, Imagawa K, Sasaki M, Takahashi Y. Accelerated human epidermal turnover driven by increased hyaluronan production. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 101:123-133. [PMID: 33358097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaluronan (HA) is an essential component of extracellular matrix in the skin, but its functions in the epidermis remain elusive. OBJECTIVE We examined the interaction of increased HA production mediated by 1-ethyl-β-N-acetylglucosaminide (β-NAG2), a newly developed highly selective inducer of HA production which is intracellularly converted to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substrate of HA, with epidermal proliferation and differentiation. METHODS The amount, molecular size and epidermal tissue distribution of HA and expression of CD44, a cell surface receptor for HA, were analyzed in β-NAG2-treated organ cultured human skin, reconstructed human skin equivalents or cultured human skin keratinocytes. The relationship between HA and epidermal proliferation or differentiation was examined. RESULTS β-NAG2 significantly increased HA production in the epidermis of skin explants or skin equivalents without affecting molecular size of HA (>2000 kDa) or CD44 mRNA expression. Histochemical experiments revealed that β-NAG2 enhances HA signals in the basal to granular layers of the epidermis of skin equivalents, accompanying increased epidermal stratification. Immunohistochemical experiments demonstrated that signals of Ki67, transglutaminase 1 and filaggrin are increased in β-NAG2-treated skin equivalents, and these observations were confirmed by the data showing that mRNA expression of PCNA, transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) and filaggrin (FLG) is significantly up-regulated by β-NAG2 in skin equivalents. Importantly, blockade of HA production by inhibiting conversion of β-NAG2 to UDP-NAG abolished β-NAG2-mediated up-regulation of PCNA, TGM1 and FLG mRNA expression in cultured keratinocytes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that increased epidermal HA production plays a key role in epidermal morphogenesis and homeostasis by accelerating keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Endo
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Yukiko Ota
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yumiko Akazawa
- Skin Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sayo
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Ushio Hanai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kotaro Imagawa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Sasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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Citrus sudachi Peel Extract Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Promotes the Differentiation of Keratinocytes through Inhibition of the EGFR-ERK Signaling Pathway. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101468. [PMID: 33096942 PMCID: PMC7589747 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus sudachi is a well-known fruit in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan, and its peels are rich in phytochemicals, including phenolic compounds. Although it is expected that the extract of the C. sudachi peel elicits various beneficial physiological activities, the effect on the skin has not been investigated. In this study, we report that the aqueous extract from the peel of C. sudachi suppresses cell proliferation of the immortalized human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT, and primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes. The extract of C. sudachi peel suppressed epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced EGF receptor activation and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 activation, which suggests that the extract exerts its inhibitory effect through inhibition of both the EGF receptor (EGFR) and its downstream molecules. Additionally, the extract of C. sudachi peel potentiated calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation. These results suggest that the extract of C. sudachi peel may have beneficial effects against skin diseases that are characterized by hyperproliferation of epidermal keratinocytes, such as those seen in psoriasis and in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
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Urabe H, Akimoto R, Kamiya S, Hosoki K, Ichikawa H, Nishiyama T. Effects of pulsed electrical stimulation on growth factor gene expression and proliferation in human dermal fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:361-368. [PMID: 32968926 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03912-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Human dermal fibroblast proliferation plays an important role in skin wound healing, and electrical stimulation (ES) promotes skin wound healing. Although the use of ES for skin wound healing has been investigated, the mechanism underlying the effects of ES on cells is still unclear. This study examined the effects of pulsed electrical stimulation (PES) on human dermal fibroblasts. Normal adult human dermal fibroblasts were exposed to a frequency of 4800 Hz, voltage of 1-5 V, and PES exposure time of 15, 30, and 60 min. Dermal fibroblast proliferation and growth factor gene expression were investigated for 6-48 h post PES. Dermal fibroblast proliferation significantly increased from 24 to 48 h post PES at a voltage of 5 V and PES exposure time of 60 min. Under the same conditions, post PES, platelet-derived growth factor subunit A (PDGFA), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) expression significantly increased from 6 to 24 h, 12 to 48 h, and 24 to 48 h, respectively. Imatinib, a specific inhibitor of platelet-derived growth factor receptor, significantly inhibited the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts promoted by PES, suggesting that PDGFA expression, an early response of PES, was involved in promoting the cell proliferation. Therefore, PES at 4800 Hz may initially promote PDGFA expression and subsequently stimulate the expression of two other growth factors, resulting in dermal fibroblast proliferation after 24 h or later. In conclusion, PES may activate the cell growth phase of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Urabe
- Homer Ion Laboratory Co., Ltd., 17-2 Shinsen-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-0045, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Akimoto
- Homer Ion Laboratory Co., Ltd., 17-2 Shinsen-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-0045, Japan
| | - Shohei Kamiya
- Homer Ion Laboratory Co., Ltd., 17-2 Shinsen-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-0045, Japan
| | - Katsu Hosoki
- Homer Ion Laboratory Co., Ltd., 17-2 Shinsen-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-0045, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ichikawa
- Homer Ion Laboratory Co., Ltd., 17-2 Shinsen-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-0045, Japan
| | - Toshio Nishiyama
- Homer Ion Laboratory Co., Ltd., 17-2 Shinsen-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-0045, Japan.,Scleroprotein Research Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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Shimizu S, Aoki A, Takahashi T, Harano F. Infrared-A Irradiation-induced Inhibition of Human Keratinocyte Proliferation and Potential Mechanisms. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:1105-1115. [PMID: 32118302 PMCID: PMC7586992 DOI: 10.1111/php.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Infrared-A (IRA), which can penetrate deeply into the human skin, is a major component of solar radiation and is recognized to promote photoaging of human dermis. To our knowledge, however, the cellular and molecular consequences of human epidermis exposure to IRA have not been clarified. Thus, we investigated whether IRA inhibits the proliferation of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). IRA irradiation ed in cell cycle arrest at G1 and a dose-dependent reduction in the proliferation of NHEKs. We found that mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) was initially inactivated during IRA irradiation due to the formation of stress granules (SGs), and this inactivation was maintained for at least 6 h after irradiation due to Akt dephosphorylation. Furthermore, repeated exposure of human skin equivalents to IRA led to marked thinning of the epidermal cell layer. In conclusion, IRA irradiation inhibits mTORC1 activity possibly through two molecular mechanisms involving SG formation in the early-phase and subsequent Akt dephosphorylation. This sequential mechanism seems to cause G1 cell cycle arrest and a reduction in cell proliferation, supporting the hypothesis that the decreased proliferation of basal keratinocytes that occurs during skin aging might be partly attributable to IRA radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syota Shimizu
- Nutraceuticals DivisionOtsu Skin Care Research InstituteOtsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.OtsuJapan
| | - Akihiro Aoki
- Nutraceuticals DivisionOtsu Skin Care Research InstituteOtsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.OtsuJapan
| | - Takuya Takahashi
- Nutraceuticals DivisionOtsu Skin Care Research InstituteOtsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.OtsuJapan
| | - Fumiki Harano
- Nutraceuticals DivisionOtsu Skin Care Research InstituteOtsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.OtsuJapan
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Network pharmacology-based preventive effect of XZF on cutaneous toxicities induced by EGFR inhibitor. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 123:109755. [PMID: 31926375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin toxicities induced by epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors such as Erlotinib plagues clinical challenges. Chinese formulas have a unique advantage in reducing side effects. Here, we aim to investigate the skin protecting function of XiaoZhenFang (XZF), a clinical adjuvant prescription made up of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Lithospermum Erythrorhizon, Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma, Forsythiae Fructus, Spirodelae Herba, Cortex Moutan and Prunellae Spica. Our data showed that XZF aqueous extract effectively reduced skin toxicities induced by Erlotinib in vivo using established mice model. Next, we used a systems pharmacology approach to investigate the pharmacological mechanism of XZF with the goal of understanding its effects at the system, organ, and molecular levels. 44 candidate compounds and 103 potential targets were identified by network pharmacology. Inflammation, cell stress and the EGFR-related signal pathways, which may participate in the skin protection afforded by XZF, were analyzed by gene enrichment. Importantly, our in vivo experimental results largely validated XZF's mechanism of action, as predicted by the system pharmacology analysis. Our study uncovered the effect and mechanism of XZF in attenuating skin toxicities induced by EGFRI, providing a basis for the development of in-hospital preparations and new drugs for the prevention of skin toxicities.
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Choi E, Kang YG, Hwang SH, Kim JK, Hong YD, Park WS, Kim D, Kim E, Cho JY. In Vitro Effects of Dehydrotrametenolic Acid on Skin Barrier Function. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244583. [PMID: 31847353 PMCID: PMC6943483 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydrotrametenolic acid (DTA) is a lanostane-type triterpene acid isolated from Poria cocos Wolf (Polyporaceae). Several studies have reported the anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects of DTA; however, its effects on the skin are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of DTA on skin barrier function in vitro and its regulatory mechanism in human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT cells. DTA increased the microRNA (mRNA) expression of natural moisturizing factor-related genes, such as HAS-2, HAS-3, and AQP3 in HaCaT cells. DTA also upregulated the mRNA expression of various keratinocyte differentiation markers, including TGM-1, involucrin, and caspase-14. Moreover, the protein expression of HAS-2, HAS-3, and TGM-2 were significantly increased by DTA. To examine the regulatory mechanisms of DTA, Western blotting, luciferase-reporter assays, and RT-PCR were conducted. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and IκBα were increased in DTA-treated HaCaT cells. In addition, AP-1 and NF-κB transcriptional factors were dose-dependently activated by DTA. Taken together, our in vitro mechanism studies indicate that the regulatory effects of DTA on skin hydration and keratinocyte differentiation are mediated by the MAPK/AP-1 and IκBα/NF-κB pathways. In addition, DTA could be a promising ingredient in cosmetics for moisturizing and increased skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Choi
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (E.C.); (S.-H.H.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Young-Gyu Kang
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin 17074, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (Y.D.H.); (W.-S.P.); (D.K.)
| | - So-Hyeon Hwang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (E.C.); (S.-H.H.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Jin Kyeong Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (E.C.); (S.-H.H.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Yong Deog Hong
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin 17074, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (Y.D.H.); (W.-S.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Won-Seok Park
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin 17074, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (Y.D.H.); (W.-S.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin 17074, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (Y.D.H.); (W.-S.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (E.C.); (S.-H.H.); (J.K.K.)
- Correspondence: (E.K.); or (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7860 (E.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (E.C.); (S.-H.H.); (J.K.K.)
- Correspondence: (E.K.); or (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7860 (E.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
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Lee JE, Kim YA, Yu S, Park SY, Kim KH, Kang NJ. 3,6-Anhydro-L-galactose increases hyaluronic acid production via the EGFR and AMPKα signaling pathway in HaCaT keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 96:90-98. [PMID: 31718895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an important factor in skin hydration maintenance. In mammalian keratinocytes, hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) is a critical enzyme in HA production. Therefore, the promotion of HAS2 expression in keratinocytes may be a strategy for maintaining skin moisture. OBJECTIVE The aim was to determine the skin hydration effect and regulatory mechanisms of 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose (L-AHG), a main component of red macroalgal carbohydrates in human keratinocytes. METHODS L-AHG was applied to an immortalized human epidermal keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells). HA production, HAS2 protein and mRNA levels, and the activation of the signaling pathways involved in HAS2 expression were measured. HA levels were also evaluated for three dimensional (3D) reconstructed human skin. RESULTS Our results suggest that L-AHG upregulates HA production and may enhance HAS2 expression by activating EGFR-mediated ERK, PI3K/Akt, and STAT3 signaling pathways. We confirmed that L-AHG activated the AMPKα signaling pathway which in turn could regulate HAS2 expression in HaCaT cells. The effects of L-AHG on HA production were observed in the 3D reconstructed human skin model. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that L-AHG may enhance skin moisture retention by increasing HA synthesis in human epidermal keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Eun Lee
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ah Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam Joo Kang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Jeon YJ, Kim YH, Jeon YJ, Lee WW, Bae IG, Yi KW, Hong SH. Increased synthesis of hyaluronic acid by enhanced penetration of CTP-EGF recombinant in human keratinocytes. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 18:1539-1545. [PMID: 30661271 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays an important role in regeneration and proliferation of skin cells. It synthesizes fibrous proteins, such as collagen, and induces the proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts. It can also induce hyaluronic acid synthesis, which subsequently leads to improved skin elasticity, wrinkle improvement, and moisturizing effects. Thus, the EGF is an attractive cosmetic additive for skin care. OBJECTIVES We tested the use of cytoplasmic transduction peptide (CTP) as a delivery peptide for EGF into skin cells. Additionally, we characterized the skin permeability of CTP-EGF for its potential use in skin antiaging and antiwrinkle cosmetics. METHODS Skin penetration by recombinant CTP-EGF protein was confirmed using fluorescent imaging techniques. The ability to synthesize hyaluronic acid was confirmed by immunoblotting and ELISA. RESULTS CTP-EGF displayed cell membrane permeability and could penetrate skin cells. Treatment with CTP-EGF increased collagen protein formation, which is a major regulator of skin elasticity. Further, CTP-EGF treatment led to increased expression of HAS3 enzyme and subsequently boosted hyaluronic acid synthesis. The CTP-EGF also performed better than natural EGF in wound healing assays. CONCLUSIONS CTP-EGF has a superior ability, compared with natural EGF, to permeate skin and induce hyaluronic acid synthesis and collagen formation. Thus, it has great potential to be used in cosmetics and therapeutic agents to improve wrinkles and health of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jae Jeon
- JW CreaGene Research Institute, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- JW CreaGene Research Institute, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Ye Ji Jeon
- JW CreaGene Research Institute, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Wan-Won Lee
- JW CreaGene Research Institute, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Il Geun Bae
- JW CreaGene Research Institute, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Ki Wan Yi
- JW CreaGene Research Institute, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Seung Ho Hong
- JW CreaGene Research Institute, Seongnam-si, South Korea
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Hyaluronan as tunable drug delivery system. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:83-96. [PMID: 31421148 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hyaluronan (HA) polymer is an important macromolecule of extracellular matrix with remarkable structure and functions: it is a linear and unbranched polymer without sulphate or phosphate groups and has key role in several biological processes in mammals. It is ubiquitous in mammalian tissues with several and specific functions, influencing cell proliferation and migration as well as angiogenesis and inflammation. To exert these important functions in tissues HA modifies the concentration and size. Considering this HA content in tissues is carefully controlled by different mechanisms including covalent modification of the synthetic enzymes and epigenetic control of their gene expression. The function of HA is also critical in several pathologies including cancer, diabetes and chronic inflammation. Among these biological roles, the structural properties of HA allow to use this polymer in regenerative medicine including cosmetics and drug delivery. HA takes advantage from its capacity to form gels even at concentration of 1% producing scaffolds with very intriguing mechanical properties. These hydrogels are useful in regenerative medicine as biocompatible material for advanced therapeutic uses. In this review we highlight the biological aspects of HA addressing the mechanisms controlling the HA content in tissues and its role as drug delivery system.
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Hyaluronic Acid Accelerates Re-epithelialization and Alters Protein Expression in a Human Wound Model. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2019; 7:e2221. [PMID: 31333952 PMCID: PMC6571313 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Hyaluronic acid (HA), a large glycosaminoglycan involved in proliferation, migration, and tissue repair, is suggested to be an important factor for keratinocyte activation and re-epithelialization. The experimental hypothesis of this study was that HA accelerates re-epithelialization, and we aimed to investigate the effect of exogenous intradermal HA during deep dermal, incisional wound healing in vivo in humans, the primary endpoint being re-epithelialization. Methods: A total of 8 standardized deep dermal incisional wounds (depth 1.6 mm, width 1.8 mm) per subject were induced in 10 healthy volunteers. Two of the wound sites per subject were pretreated with injections of HA and 2 with saline solution. At 2 time points (24 hours and 14 days), 2 biopsies for each treatment group (one for histology and one for proteomics) were taken. Skin erythema was measured at 24-hour intervals for 14 days as a surrogate measurement of inflammation. Results: At 24 hours, 8 of 9 wounds pretreated with HA showed complete re-epithelization, whereas none of the wounds pretreated with saline had re-epithelized. Wounds pretreated with HA also showed a 10-fold regulation of 8 identified proteins involved in wound healing compared to wounds treated with saline solution. No difference in inflammation, as measured as erythema, could be seen between any of the groups. Conclusions: We conclude that HA accelerates re-epithelialization and stimulates an altered protein expression in vivo in human deep dermal incisional skin wounds, but has no effect on the inflammation process as measured by erythema.
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Hyaluronan: Structure, Metabolism, and Biological Properties. BIOLOGICALLY-INSPIRED SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12919-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Yamane T, Kawasaki R, Konno R, Iwatsuki K, Oishi Y. Starvation reduces hyaluronan synthesis by suppressing TGF-β1/IGF-I signaling in rat skin. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 83:511-517. [PMID: 30418079 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1543011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although starvation has been reported to influence the functions of various tissues, its effects on the skin are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of starvation on hyaluronan synthesis in rat skin. Starvation reduced hyaluronan synthesis in the skin. Starvation also decreased the skin mRNA expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, which enhances the gene expression of rhas2 and rhas3. The serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, which enhances rhas2, rhas3, and TGF-β1 mRNA expression, in the starvation group were considerably lower than those in the control (CO) group. IGF-IR phosphorylation was substantially lower in the starvation group compared with the CO group. These findings suggest that starvation reduces hyaluronan synthesis in the skin by suppressing TGF-β1/IGF-I signaling. Abbreviations: HAS: hyaluronan synthase; IGF-I: insulin-like growth factor-I; IGFBP-1: insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1; TGF-β1: transforming growth factor-β1; TBST: tris buffered saline containing 0.5% (v/v) Tween 20; HABP: hyaluronic acid binding protein; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Yamane
- a Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience , Tokyo University of Agriculture , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Rui Kawasaki
- a Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience , Tokyo University of Agriculture , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ryosuke Konno
- a Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience , Tokyo University of Agriculture , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ken Iwatsuki
- a Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience , Tokyo University of Agriculture , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yuichi Oishi
- a Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience , Tokyo University of Agriculture , Tokyo , Japan
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Karamanos NK, Piperigkou Z, Theocharis AD, Watanabe H, Franchi M, Baud S, Brézillon S, Götte M, Passi A, Vigetti D, Ricard-Blum S, Sanderson RD, Neill T, Iozzo RV. Proteoglycan Chemical Diversity Drives Multifunctional Cell Regulation and Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9152-9232. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos K. Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Achilleas D. Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Hideto Watanabe
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini 47100, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Baud
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire SiRMa, CNRS UMR MEDyC 7369, Faculté de Médecine, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, Reims 51100, France
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR MEDyC 7369, Faculté de Médecine, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, Reims 51100, France
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5246, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Ralph D. Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 10107, United States
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 10107, United States
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Extracellular ATP activates hyaluronan synthase 2 ( HAS2) in epidermal keratinocytes via P2Y 2, Ca 2+ signaling, and MAPK pathways. Biochem J 2018; 475:1755-1772. [PMID: 29626161 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides are used as signaling molecules by several cell types. In epidermis, their release is triggered by insults such as ultraviolet radiation, barrier disruption, and tissue wounding, and by specific nerve terminals firing. Increased synthesis of hyaluronan, a ubiquitous extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan, also occurs in response to stress, leading to the attractive hypothesis that nucleotide signaling and hyaluronan synthesis could also be linked. In HaCaT keratinocytes, ATP caused a rapid and strong but transient activation of hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) expression via protein kinase C-, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-, mitogen-activated protein kinase-, and calcium response element-binding protein-dependent pathways by activating the purinergic P2Y2 receptor. Smaller but more persistent up-regulation of HAS3 and CD44, and delayed up-regulation of HAS1 were also observed. Accumulation of peri- and extracellular hyaluronan followed 4-6 h after stimulation, an effect further enhanced by the hyaluronan precursor glucosamine. AMP and adenosine, the degradation products of ATP, markedly inhibited HAS2 expression and, despite concomitant up-regulation of HAS1 and HAS3, inhibited hyaluronan synthesis. Functionally, ATP moderately increased cell migration, whereas AMP and adenosine had no effect. Our data highlight the strong influence of adenosinergic signaling on hyaluronan metabolism in human keratinocytes. Epidermal insults are associated with extracellular ATP release, as well as rapid up-regulation of HAS2/3, CD44, and hyaluronan synthesis, and we show here that the two phenomena are linked. Furthermore, as ATP is rapidly degraded, the opposite effects of its less phosphorylated derivatives facilitate a rapid shut-off of the hyaluronan response, providing a feedback mechanism to prevent excessive reactions when more persistent signals are absent.
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Hämäläinen L, Kärkkäinen E, Takabe P, Rauhala L, Bart G, Kärnä R, Pasonen-Seppänen S, Oikari S, Tammi MI, Tammi RH. Hyaluronan metabolism enhanced during epidermal differentiation is suppressed by vitamin C. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:651-661. [PMID: 29405260 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaluronan is a large, linear glycosaminoglycan present throughout the narrow extracellular space of the vital epidermis. Increased hyaluronan metabolism takes place in epidermal hypertrophy, wound healing and cancer. Hyaluronan is produced by hyaluronan synthases and catabolized by hyaluronidases, reactive oxygen species and KIAA1199. OBJECTIVES To investigate the changes in hyaluronan metabolism during epidermal stratification and maturation, and the impact of vitamin C on these events. METHODS Hyaluronan synthesis and expression of the hyaluronan-related genes were analysed during epidermal maturation from a simple epithelium to a fully differentiated epidermis in organotypic cultures of rat epidermal keratinocytes using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, immunostaining and Western blotting, in the presence and absence of vitamin C. RESULTS With epidermal stratification, both the production and the degradation of hyaluronan were enhanced, resulting in an increase of hyaluronan fragments of various sizes. While the mRNA levels of Has3 and KIAA1199 remained stable during the maturation, Has1, Has2 and Hyal2 showed a transient upregulation during stratification, Hyal1 transcription remained permanently increased and transcription of the hyaluronan receptor, Cd44, decreased. At maturation, vitamin C downregulated Has2, Hyal2 and Cd44, whereas it increased high-molecular-mass hyaluronan in the epidermis, and reduced small fragments in the medium, suggesting stabilization of epidermal hyaluronan. CONCLUSIONS Epidermal stratification and maturation is associated with enhanced hyaluronan turnover, and release of large amounts of hyaluronan fragments. The high turnover is suppressed by vitamin C, which is suggested to enhance normal epidermal differentiation in part through its effect on hyaluronan.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hämäläinen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - E Kärkkäinen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - P Takabe
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - L Rauhala
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - G Bart
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - R Kärnä
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S Pasonen-Seppänen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S Oikari
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M I Tammi
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - R H Tammi
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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37
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HA metabolism in skin homeostasis and inflammatory disease. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 101:128-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Jokela T, Kärnä R, Rauhala L, Bart G, Pasonen-Seppänen S, Oikari S, Tammi MI, Tammi RH. Human Keratinocytes Respond to Extracellular UTP by Induction of Hyaluronan Synthase 2 Expression and Increased Hyaluronan Synthesis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:4861-4872. [PMID: 28188289 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.760322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of nucleotides into extracellular space is triggered by insults like wounding and ultraviolet radiation, resulting in stimulatory or inhibitory signals via plasma membrane nucleotide receptors. As similar insults are known to activate hyaluronan synthesis we explored the possibility that extracellular UTP or its breakdown products UDP and UMP act as mediators for hyaluronan synthase (HAS) activation in human epidermal keratinocytes. UTP increased hyaluronan both in the pericellular matrix and in the culture medium of HaCaT cells. 10-100 μm UTP strongly up-regulated HAS2 expression, although the other hyaluronan synthases (HAS1, HAS3) and hyaluronidases (HYAL1, HYAL2) were not affected. The HAS2 response was rapid and transient, with the maximum stimulation at 1.5 h. UDP exerted a similar effect, but higher concentrations were required for the response, and UMP showed no stimulation at all. Specific siRNAs against the UTP receptor P2Y2, and inhibitors of UDP receptors P2Y6 and P2Y14, indicated that the response to UTP was mediated mainly through P2Y2 and to a lesser extent via UDP receptors. UTP increased the phosphorylation of p38, ERK, CREB, and Ser-727 of STAT3 and induced nuclear translocation of pCaMKII. Inhibitors of PKC, p38, ERK, CaMKII, STAT3, and CREB partially blocked the activation of HAS2 expression, confirming the involvement of these pathways in the UTP-induced HAS2 response. The present data reveal a selective up-regulation of HAS2 expression by extracellular UTP, which is likely to contribute to the previously reported rapid activation of hyaluronan metabolism in response to tissue trauma or ultraviolet radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Jokela
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riikka Kärnä
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leena Rauhala
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Genevieve Bart
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Sanna Oikari
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku I Tammi
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raija H Tammi
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Fouladi-Nashta AA, Raheem KA, Marei WF, Ghafari F, Hartshorne GM. Regulation and roles of the hyaluronan system in mammalian reproduction. Reproduction 2017; 153:R43-R58. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a non-sulphated glycosaminoglycan polymer naturally occurring in many tissues and fluids of mammals, including the reproductive system. Its biosynthesis by HA synthase (HAS1–3) and catabolism by hyaluronidases (HYALs) are affected by ovarian steroid hormones. Depending upon its molecular size, HA functions both as a structural component of tissues in the form of high-molecular-weight HA or as a signalling molecule in the form of small HA molecules or HA fragments with effects mediated through interaction with its specific cell-membrane receptors. HA is produced by oocytes and embryos and in various segments of the reproductive system. This review provides information about the expression and function of members of the HA system, including HAS, HYALs and HA receptors. We examine their role in various processes from folliculogenesis through oocyte maturation, fertilisation and early embryo development, to pregnancy and cervical dilation, as well as its application in assisted reproduction technologies. Particular emphasis has been placed upon the role of the HA system in pre-implantation embryo development and embryo implantation, for which we propose a hypothetical sequential model.
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40
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O'Neill CA, Monteleone G, McLaughlin JT, Paus R. The gut-skin axis in health and disease: A paradigm with therapeutic implications. Bioessays 2016; 38:1167-1176. [PMID: 27554239 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As crucial interface organs gut and skin have much in common. Therefore it is unsurprising that several gut pathologies have skin co-morbidities. Nevertheless, the reason for this remains ill explored, and neither mainstream gastroenterology nor dermatology research have systematically investigated the 'gut-skin axis'. Here, in reviewing the field, we propose several mechanistic levels on which gut and skin may interact under physiological and pathological circumstances. We focus on the gut microbiota, with its huge metabolic capacity, and the role of dietary components as potential principle actors along the gut-skin axis. We suggest that metabolites from either the diet or the microbiota are skin accessible. After defining open key questions around the nature of these metabolites, how they are sensed, and which cutaneous changes they can induce, we propose that understanding of these pathways will lead to novel therapeutic strategies based on targeting one organ to improve the health of the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A O'Neill
- Dermatology Research Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - John T McLaughlin
- Gastrointestinal Research Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dermatology Research Centre, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK.,Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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41
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Morita T, Fujikawa K, Baba O, Shibata S. An in situ hybridization study of Hyaluronan synthase (Has) mRNA in developing mouse molar and incisor tooth germs. Gene Expr Patterns 2016; 21:28-40. [PMID: 27289075 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a major constituent molecule in most extracellular matrices and is synthesized by Hyaluronan synthase (Has). In the present study, we examined expression patterns of Has1, -2, -3 mRNA in developing mouse molar and incisor tooth germs from embryonic day (E) 11.5 to postnatal day (P) 7, focusing on Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) and the apical bud in particular. Has1 mRNA expression was not detected in all tooth germs examined. Has2 mRNA was expressed in the surrounding mesenchyme from E12.0 to 18.0 in both molar and incisor tooth germs, but disappeared after birth. Meanwhile, Has3 mRNA was exclusively expressed within the enamel organ, especially in the inner enamel epithelium (IEE), stellate reticulum (SR), and stratum intermedium (SI) until the early bell stage at E16.0. Has3 mRNA disappeared as IEE differentiated into differentiating ameloblasts (dABs), but remained in SI until the root developmental stage of the molar tooth germ at P7. Has3 mRNA was also expressed in HERS until P7. In incisors, Has3 mRNA was expressed in the apical bud, especially in the transit-amplifying (TA) cell region from E16.0 to P7, and in the papillary layer (PL) adjacent to the mature enamel. These gene expression patterns suggested that Has3 is the main control factor for prenatal and postnatal HA synthesis of the tooth germ, and may in part regulate crown and root formation of the tooth germ, maintenance of stem cell niches in the apical bud as well as mineral transport in PL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Morita
- Department of Maxillofacial Anatomy, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Fujikawa
- Department of Maxillofacial Anatomy, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Otto Baba
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Oral Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shunichi Shibata
- Department of Maxillofacial Anatomy, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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In vitro and ex vivo analysis of hyaluronan supplementation of Integra® dermal template on human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2016; 14:e9-18. [PMID: 26689817 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Widespread application of collagen-glycosaminoglycan dermal templates in the treatment of cutaneous defects has identified the interval between initial engraftment and skin graft application as important for improvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hyaluronan supplementation of Integra® dermal template on human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes in both in vitro and ex vivo models. METHODS This study utilized in vitro and ex vivo cell culture techniques to investigate supplementing Integra® Regeneration Template with hyaluronan (HA), as a strategy to decrease this interval. In vitro, Integra® was HA supplemented at 0.15, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg/mL-1. Primary human dermal fibroblast (PHDF) and keratinocyte proliferation, PHDF viability, migration and HA-induced signal transduction (phosphor-MAPK Array) were assessed. Ex vivo, wound models (wound diameter 4 mm) were created within 8 mm skin biopsies. Wounds were filled with Integra® or HA supplemented Integra®. Re-epithelialization was compared through hematoxylin and eosin-stained cross-sections at 7, 14 and 21 days in culture. Model viability was assessed through lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. RESULTS In vitro, PHDF and keratinocyte proliferation were enhanced significantly (p<0.001) when supplemented with HA. S-Phase and G2/M PHDFs in HA supplemented scaffolds increased. PHDF viability was enhanced to 72 hours culture with 1.5 mg/mL-1 HA (p = 0.016). PHDF migration was maximally enhanced at 1 mg/mL-1 and 1.5 mg/mL-1, whilst increased levels of phosphorylated Erk/MAPK proteins indicated increased metabolic activity. In ex vivo models, HA supplementation accelerated re-epithelialization at all concentrations. This ex vivo model provides a robust model for preclinical assessment of skin substitutes. CONCLUSIONS HA supplementation to Integra® demonstrates increased in vitro growth, viability and migration. Whilst ex vivo data suggest HA supplementation of Integra® may increase rapidity of wound closure.
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Kozuki T. Skin problems and EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2016; 46:291-8. [PMID: 26826719 PMCID: PMC4886131 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyv207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition is a good target for the treatment of lung, colon, pancreatic and head and neck cancers. Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor was first approved for the treatment of advanced lung cancer in 2002. Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor plays an essential role in the treatment of cancer, especially for patients harbouring epidermal growth factor receptor activating mutation. Hence, skin toxicity is the most concerning issue for the epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. Skin toxicity is bothersome and sometimes affects the quality of life and treatment compliance. Thus, it is important for physicians to understand the background and how to manage epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor-associated skin toxicity. Here, the author reviewed the mechanism and upfront preventive and reactive treatments for epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-associated skin toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Kozuki
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Medicine, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Ehime, Japan
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44
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Maytin EV. Hyaluronan: More than just a wrinkle filler. Glycobiology 2016; 26:553-9. [PMID: 26964566 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatology is a field that strives not only to alleviate skin disease (therapeutics) but also to improve the perception of wellness (cosmetics). Thus, in this special issue of Glycobiology, it seems appropriate to discuss the biology of a glycosaminoglycan, called hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan, or HA), that has become the most popular agent today for intradermal injections to improve wrinkles and other cosmetic defects. HA is a simple linear polymer in which a simple disaccharide is repeated thousands of time, thereby creating a huge hydrophilic molecule that confers a large volume of hydration and contributes to the turgor and flexibility of healthy skin. Beyond cosmetic considerations, however, HA also has important biological and physiological functions that were largely under-appreciated until recently. New research has confirmed that HA is dynamically produced by most skin cells, not only fibroblasts (the cells that make most of the skin's extracellular matrix) but also by keratinocytes in the outer protective layer (epidermis). For both fibroblasts and keratinocytes, HA plays a regulatory role in controlling cell physiology through interaction of extracellular HA with a major cell-surface receptor, CD44. This interaction mediates intracellular signaling both directly and indirectly, through CD44 interactions with the cytoskeleton and with EGF and TGFβ receptors. Furthermore, degradation of HA by specific hyaluronidase enzymes produces HA fragments that can help to regulate inflammatory processes. In this review, current knowledge about the role of HA in skin inflammation and wound healing are reviewed and possible future applications of such knowledge discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward V Maytin
- Department of Dermatology Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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45
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de Sica RCP, Rodrigues CJ, Maria DA, Cuce LC. Study of 1550-nm Erbium glass laser fractional non-ablative treatment of photoaging: Comparative clinical effects, histopathology, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. J COSMET LASER THER 2016; 18:193-203. [DOI: 10.3109/14764172.2015.1114645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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46
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Oikari S, Makkonen K, Deen AJ, Tyni I, Kärnä R, Tammi RH, Tammi MI. Hexosamine biosynthesis in keratinocytes: roles of GFAT and GNPDA enzymes in the maintenance of UDP-GlcNAc content and hyaluronan synthesis. Glycobiology 2016; 26:710-22. [PMID: 26887390 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) is a glucose metabolite with pivotal functions as a key substrate for the synthesis of glycoconjugates like hyaluronan, and as a metabolic sensor that controls cell functions through O-GlcNAc modification of intracellular proteins. However, little is known about the regulation of hexosamine biosynthesis that controls UDP-GlcNAc content. Four enzymes can catalyze the crucial starting point of the pathway, conversion of fructose-6-phosphate (Fru6P) to glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN6P): glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferases (GFAT1 and 2) and glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminases (GNPDA1 and 2). Using siRNA silencing, we studied the contributions of these enzymes to UDP-GlcNAc content and hyaluronan synthesis in human keratinocytes. Depletion of GFAT1 reduced the cellular pool of UDP-GlcNAc and hyaluronan synthesis, while simultaneous blocking of both GNPDA1 and GDPDA2 exerted opposite effects, indicating that in standard culture conditions keratinocyte GNPDAs mainly catalyzed the reaction from GlcN6P back to Fru6P. However, when hexosamine biosynthesis was blocked by GFAT1 siRNA, the effect by GNPDAs was reversed, now catalyzing Fru6P towards GlcN6P, likely in an attempt to maintain UDP-GlcNAc content. Silencing of these enzymes also changed the gene expression of related enzymes: GNPDA1 siRNA induced GFAT2 which was hardly measurable in these cells under standard culture conditions, GNPDA2 siRNA increased GFAT1, and GFAT1 siRNA increased the expression of hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2). Silencing of GFAT1 stimulated GNPDA1 and GDPDA2, and inhibited cell migration. The multiple delicate adjustments of these reactions demonstrate the importance of hexosamine biosynthesis in cellular homeostasis, known to be deranged in diseases like diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Oikari
- Institutes of Biomedicine Department of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1E, PO Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Katri Makkonen
- Institutes of Biomedicine Department of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1E, PO Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
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Malaisse J, Pendaries V, Hontoir F, De Glas V, Van Vlaender D, Simon M, Lambert de Rouvroit C, Poumay Y, Flamion B. Hyaluronan Does Not Regulate Human Epidermal Keratinocyte Proliferation and Differentiation. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:6347-58. [PMID: 26627828 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.661348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is synthesized by three HA synthases (HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3) and secreted in the extracellular matrix. In human skin, large amounts of HA are found in the dermis. HA is also synthesized by keratinocytes in the epidermis, although its epidermal functions are not clearly identified yet. To investigate HA functions, we studied the effects of HA depletion on human keratinocyte physiology within in vitro reconstructed human epidermis. Inhibition of HA synthesis with 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) did not modify the expression profile of the epidermal differentiation markers involucrin, keratin 10, and filaggrin during tissue reconstruction. In contrast, when keratinocytes were incubated with 4MU, cell proliferation was decreased. In an attempt to rescue the proliferation function, HA samples of various mean molecular masses were added to keratinocyte cultures treated with 4MU. These samples were unable to rescue the initial proliferation rate. Furthermore, treatments with HA-specific hyaluronidase, although removing almost all HA from keratinocyte cultures, did not alter the differentiation or proliferation processes. The differences between 4MU and hyaluronidase effects did not result from differences in intracellular HA, sulfated glycosaminoglycan concentration, apoptosis, or levels of HA receptors, all of which remained unchanged. Similarly, knockdown of UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase (UGDH) using lentiviral shRNA effectively decreased HA production but did not affect proliferation rate. Overall, these data suggest that HA levels in the human epidermis are not directly correlated with keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation and that incubation of cells with 4MU cannot equate with HA removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Malaisse
- From the URPHYM, NARILIS, University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Valérie Pendaries
- the UMR5165/U1056, CNRS-INSERM, University of Toulouse, UDEAR, 31013 Toulouse CEDEX 6, France, and
| | - Fanny Hontoir
- the URVI, NARILIS, University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Valérie De Glas
- From the URPHYM, NARILIS, University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | | | - Michel Simon
- the UMR5165/U1056, CNRS-INSERM, University of Toulouse, UDEAR, 31013 Toulouse CEDEX 6, France, and
| | | | - Yves Poumay
- From the URPHYM, NARILIS, University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Bruno Flamion
- From the URPHYM, NARILIS, University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium,
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48
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Lee HJ, Seo SR, Yoon MS, Song JY, Lee EY, Lee SE. Microneedle fractional radiofrequency increases epidermal hyaluronan and reverses age-related epidermal dysfunction. Lasers Surg Med 2015; 48:140-9. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Lee
- Department of Dermatology; CHA Bundang Medical Center; CHA University; Seongnam Korea
| | - Seong Rak Seo
- Department of Dermatology; CHA Bundang Medical Center; CHA University; Seongnam Korea
| | - Moon Soo Yoon
- Department of Dermatology; CHA Bundang Medical Center; CHA University; Seongnam Korea
| | - Ji-Ye Song
- Institute for Clinical Research; CHA University; Seongnam Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Applied Bioscience; CHA University; Seongnam Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Dermatology; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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Roles of Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans in Wound Healing and Fibrosis. Int J Cell Biol 2015; 2015:834893. [PMID: 26448760 PMCID: PMC4581578 DOI: 10.1155/2015/834893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A wound is a type of injury that damages living tissues. In this review, we will be referring mainly to healing responses in the organs including skin and the lungs. Fibrosis is a process of dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) production that leads to a dense and functionally abnormal connective tissue compartment (dermis). In tissues such as the skin, the repair of the dermis after wounding requires not only the fibroblasts that produce the ECM molecules, but also the overlying epithelial layer (keratinocytes), the endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells of the blood vessel and white blood cells such as neutrophils and macrophages, which together orchestrate the cytokine-mediated signaling and paracrine interactions that are required to regulate the proper extent and timing of the repair process. This review will focus on the importance of extracellular molecules in the microenvironment, primarily the proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan, and their roles in wound healing. First, we will briefly summarize the physiological, cellular, and biochemical elements of wound healing, including the importance of cytokine cross-talk between cell types. Second, we will discuss the role of proteoglycans and hyaluronan in regulating these processes. Finally, approaches that utilize these concepts as potential therapies for fibrosis are discussed.
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50
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Takabe P, Bart G, Ropponen A, Rilla K, Tammi M, Tammi R, Pasonen-Seppänen S. Hyaluronan synthase 3 (HAS3) overexpression downregulates MV3 melanoma cell proliferation, migration and adhesion. Exp Cell Res 2015. [PMID: 26222208 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Malignant skin melanoma is one of the most deadly human cancers. Extracellular matrix (ECM) influences the growth of malignant tumors by modulating tumor cells adhesion and migration. Hyaluronan is an essential component of the ECM, and its amount is altered in many tumors, suggesting an important role for hyaluronan in tumorigenesis. Nonetheless its role in melanomagenesis is not understood. In this study we produced a MV3 melanoma cell line with inducible expression of the hyaluronan synthase 3 (HAS3) and studied its effect on the behavior of the melanoma cells. HAS3 overexpression expanded the cell surface hyaluronan coat and decreased melanoma cell adhesion, migration and proliferation by cell cycle arrest at G1/G0. Melanoma cell migration was restored by removal of cell surface hyaluronan by Streptomyces hyaluronidase and by receptor blocking with hyaluronan oligosaccharides, while the effect on cell proliferation was receptor independent. Overexpression of HAS3 decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation suggesting that inhibition of MAP-kinase signaling was responsible for these suppressive effects on the malignant phenotype of MV3 melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piia Takabe
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Biomedicine, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Geneviève Bart
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Biomedicine, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti Ropponen
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Rilla
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Biomedicine, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Tammi
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Biomedicine, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raija Tammi
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Biomedicine, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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