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Kim HJ, Choi EW, Choi EJ, Kim HS, Kim J, Cho G, Kim H, Na S, Shin JH, Do SH, Park BJ. Non-thermal plasma promotes hair growth by improving the inter-follicular macroenvironment. RSC Adv 2021; 11:27880-27896. [PMID: 35480732 PMCID: PMC9037796 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04625j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) is widely used in the disinfection and surface modification of biomaterials. NTP treatment can regenerate and improve skin function; however, its effectiveness on hair follicle (HF) growth and its underlying mechanisms need to be elucidated. Herein, we propose an air-based NTP treatment, which generates exogenous nitric oxide (eNO), as a therapeutic strategy for hair growth. The topical application of air-based NTP generates large amounts of eNO, which can be directly detected using a microelectrode NO sensor, in the dermis of mouse dorsal skin. Additionally, NTP-induced eNO has no cytotoxicity in normal human skin cells and promotes hair growth by increasing capillary tube formation, cellular proliferation, and hair/angiogenesis-related protein expression. Furthermore, NTP treatment promotes hair growth with adipogenesis and activation of CD34+CD44+ stem cells and improves the inter-follicular macroenvironment via increased perifollicular vascularity in the mouse hair regrowth model. Given the importance of the hair follicle (HF) cycle ratio (growth vs. regression vs. resting) in diagnosing alopecia, NTP treatment upregulates the stem cell activity of the HF to promote the anagen : catagen : telogen ratio, leading to improved hair growth. We confirmed the upregulation of increasing Wnt/β-catenin signaling and activation of perifollicular adipose tissue and angiogenesis in HF regeneration. In conclusion, these results show that the eNO from NTP enhances the cellular activities of human skin cells and endothelial cells in vitro and stem cells in vivo, thereby increasing angiogenesis, adipogenesis, and hair growth in the skin dermis. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that NTP treatment may be a highly efficient alternative in regenerative medicine for achieving enhanced hair growth. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) is widely used in the disinfection and surface modification of biomaterials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jun Kim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea +82 2 450 3706.,Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California - Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA.,Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation Los Angeles CA 90024 USA
| | - Eun-Wook Choi
- R&D Center, Prostemics Co., Ltd Seoul 04778 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Choi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea +82 2 450 3706
| | - Hyo-Sung Kim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea +82 2 450 3706
| | - Junggil Kim
- Department of Electrical Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University Seoul 01897 Republic of Korea +82 2 940 8629
| | - Guangsup Cho
- Department of Electrical Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University Seoul 01897 Republic of Korea +82 2 940 8629
| | - Heesu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University Seoul 01897 Republic of Korea
| | - Seulgi Na
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University Seoul 01897 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University Seoul 01897 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Do
- Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea +82 2 450 3706
| | - Bong Joo Park
- Department of Electrical Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University Seoul 01897 Republic of Korea +82 2 940 8629.,Institute of Biomaterials, Kwangwoon University Seoul 01897 Republic of Korea
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Li H, Masieri FF, Schneider M, Bartella A, Gaus S, Hahnel S, Zimmerer R, Sack U, Maksimovic-Ivanic D, Mijatovic S, Simon JC, Lethaus B, Savkovic V. The Middle Part of the Plucked Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheath Is Identified as an Area Rich in Lineage-Specific Stem Cell Markers. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020154. [PMID: 33503918 PMCID: PMC7912066 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle outer root sheath (ORS) is a putative source of stem cells with therapeutic capacity. ORS contains several multipotent stem cell populations, primarily in the distal compartment of the bulge region. However, the bulge is routinely obtained using invasive isolation methods, which require human scalp tissue ex vivo. Non-invasive sampling has been standardized by means of the plucking procedure, enabling to reproducibly obtain the mid-ORS part. The mid-ORS shows potential for giving rise to multiple stem cell populations in vitro. To demonstrate the phenotypic features of distal, middle, and proximal ORS parts, gene and protein expression profiles were studied in physically separated portions. The mid-part of the ORS showed a comparable or higher NGFR, nestin/NES, CD34, CD73, CD44, CD133, CK5, PAX3, MITF, and PMEL expression on both protein and gene levels, when compared to the distal ORS part. Distinct subpopulations of cells exhibiting small and round morphology were characterized with flow cytometry as simultaneously expressing CD73/CD271, CD49f/CD105, nestin, and not CK10. Potentially, these distinct subpopulations can give rise to cultured neuroectodermal and mesenchymal stem cell populations in vitro. In conclusion, the mid part of the ORS holds the potential for yielding multiple stem cells, in particular mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanluo Li
- Department of Cranial Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (H.L.); (A.B.); (S.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.)
| | | | - Marie Schneider
- Clinic for Hematology, Cell Therapy and Hemostaseology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Alexander Bartella
- Department of Cranial Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (H.L.); (A.B.); (S.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Sebastian Gaus
- Department of Cranial Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (H.L.); (A.B.); (S.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Sebastian Hahnel
- Polyclinic for Dental Prosthetics and Material Sciences, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Rüdiger Zimmerer
- Department of Cranial Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (H.L.); (A.B.); (S.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Danijela Maksimovic-Ivanic
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Sinisa Stankovic’ (IBISS)-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.-I.); (S.M.)
| | - Sanja Mijatovic
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Sinisa Stankovic’ (IBISS)-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.-I.); (S.M.)
| | - Jan-Christoph Simon
- Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Bernd Lethaus
- Department of Cranial Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (H.L.); (A.B.); (S.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Vuk Savkovic
- Department of Cranial Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (H.L.); (A.B.); (S.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-9721115
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Sardiña LA, Piliang M, Bergfeld WF. Diagnostic value of CD34 and calretinin immunostaining in the diagnosis of proliferating tricholemmal tumor and trichoblastoma. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:99-102. [PMID: 31012094 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proliferating tricholemmal tumor (PTT) is a rare neoplasm of controversial biological behavior for which distinction from other more common tumors is essential. Similarly, trichoblastoma (TB) remains a debatable entity that may represent a variation of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Our goal is to correlate the staining pattern of calretinin and CD34 in these two follicular tumors vs. their major differential diagnoses, invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ISCC) and BCC. METHOD Descriptive study of 68 cases: 6 PTT, 22 TB, 20 ISCC, and 20 BCC in a period of 15 years. The diagnosis was confirmed with H&E. The immunohistochemistry results were analyzed and scored positive (weak +, moderate ++, and strong +++) or negative. RESULTS Calretinin was expressed in 4/6 cases of PTT and negative in all TB. Only one malignant case of PTT was positive for CD34 (1/2) and negative in all TB cases. Calretinin and CD34 were negative for all ISCC and BCC. The intensities are shown in tables. CONCLUSION The diagnosis of these neoplasms is a morphologic diagnosis. However, in those cases where the morphologic aspect is difficult to interpret, calretinin may assist in the diagnosis of PTT, distinguishing the hair follicle tumors with an outer root sheath differentiation. Likewise, CD34 showed significant affinity for the malignant subset of PTT. Calretinin and CD34 did not add any value to the differentiation between TB and BCC. However, this might suggest that both are the same entity with a different morphological permutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Sardiña
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Melissa Piliang
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Yuan YP, Huang K, Xu YM, Chen XC, Li HH, Cai BZ, Liu Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Lin CM. Canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling control the regeneration of amputated rodent vibrissae follicles. J Mol Histol 2016; 47:1-8. [PMID: 26742765 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-015-9648-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although mammals are notoriously poor at regeneration compared with many lower-order species, the hair follicle, particular to mammals, is capable of regeneration following partial amputation. The detailed internal mechanism of this phenomenon is still unclear. Development and regrowth of the hair follicle depends on dermal-epidermal interaction within the hair follicle. Previous studies have shown that Wnt/β-catenin, Shh, Bmp, PDGF, TGF and Notch signals all take part in the development and growth of the hair follicle, and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling additionally plays an indispensable role in hair follicle morphogenesis and regrowth. In this study, we investigated the localization, as well as, protein levels of Wnt/β-catenin signaling molecules during amputated whisker follicle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Yuan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Keng Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Min Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Cai Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Hong Li
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Zhi Cai
- Department of Cell Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Li
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Min Lin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Bohr S, Patel SJ, Vasko R, Shen K, Huang G, Yarmush ML, Berthiaume F. Highly upregulated Lhx2 in the Foxn1-/- nude mouse phenotype reflects a dysregulated and expanded epidermal stem cell niche. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64223. [PMID: 23696871 PMCID: PMC3656088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair cycling is a prime example of stem cell dependent tissue regeneration and replenishment, and its regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of a blockage in terminal keratinocytic lineage differentiation in the Foxn1(-/-) nude phenotype on the epithelial progeny. Most notably we found a constitutive upregulation of LIM homeobox protein 2 (Lhx2), a marker gene of epithelial stem cellness indispensible for hair cycle progression. However, histological evidence along with an erratic, acyclic rise of otherwise suppressed CyclinD1 levels along with several key markers of keratinocyte lineage differentiation indicate a frustrated expansion of epithelial stem cell niches in skin. In addition, CD49f/CD34/CD200-based profiling demonstrated highly significant shifts in subpopulations of epithelial progeny. Intriguingly this appeared to include the expansion of Oct4+ stem cells in dermal fractions of skin isolates in the Foxn1 knock-out opposed to wild type. Overall our findings indicate that the Foxn1(-/-) phenotype has a strong impact on epithelial progeny and thus offers a promising model to study maintenance and regulation of stem cell niches within skin not feasible in other in vitro or in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bohr
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children and Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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Misago N, Toda S, Narisawa Y. CD34 expression in human hair follicles and tricholemmoma: a comprehensive study. J Cutan Pathol 2011; 38:609-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2011.01749.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sellheyer K. Basal cell carcinoma: cell of origin, cancer stem cell hypothesis and stem cell markers. Br J Dermatol 2011; 164:696-711. [PMID: 21128907 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells have recently been described in several high-grade neoplasms. It is still unclear if they also occur in cutaneous malignancies. Cancer stem cells are not identical with somatic stem cells. The presence of tumour stem cells in a neoplasm does not in itself equal that the tumour derives from a somatic stem cell. A cell originally lacking stem cell characteristics could also acquire those features during the course of carcinogenesis and then becomes the clonal founder cell of a tumour. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cutaneous malignancy. A plethora of various stem cell markers has been applied to study its cellular origin. Intriguingly, the anatomical origin of BCC is still uncertain. This review will discuss the various stem cell markers used in BCC and the cellular origin of this tumour, and touches briefly on the possibility of cancer stem cells in BCC. If BCC or other skin cancers harbour tumour stem cells, these cells could be specifically targeted, making use of specific cell surface molecules such as receptor proteins. Novel drugs directed against those receptor proteins could replace currently available shotgun approaches including imiquimod.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sellheyer
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Corbalán-Vélez R, Ruiz-Maciá J, Martínez-Sánchez D, Martínez-Barba E. Utilidad de la tinción inmunohistoquímica con CD34 en el diagnóstico de lesiones con diferenciación tricolemal. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-7310(09)72297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Corbalán-Vélez R, Ruiz-Maciá J, Martínez-Sánchez D, Martínez-Barba E. Utility of Immunohistochemical Analysis of CD34 Expression in the Diagnosis of Lesions with Trichilemmal Differentiation. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1578-2190(09)70166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Corbalán-Vélez R, Ruiz-Macia J, Brufau C, López-Lozano J, Martínez-Barba E, Carapeto F. Clear Cells in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1578-2190(09)70068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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11
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Corbalán-Vélez R, Ruiz-Macia J, Brufau C, López-Lozano J, Martínez-Barba E, Carapeto F. Las células claras en el carcinoma espinocelular cutáneo. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-7310(09)70825-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Blanpain C, Lowry WE, Geoghegan A, Polak L, Fuchs E. Self-renewal, multipotency, and the existence of two cell populations within an epithelial stem cell niche. Cell 2004; 118:635-48. [PMID: 15339667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2004.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1011] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2004] [Revised: 07/23/2004] [Accepted: 07/23/2004] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In adult skin, each hair follicle contains a reservoir of stem cells (the bulge), which can be mobilized to regenerate the new follicle with each hair cycle and to reepithelialize epidermis during wound repair. Here we report new methods that permit their clonal analyses and engraftment and demonstrate the two defining features of stem cells, namely self-renewal and multipotency. We also show that, within the bulge, there are two distinct populations, one of which maintains basal lamina contact and temporally precedes the other, which is suprabasal and arises only after the start of the first postnatal hair cycle. This spatial distinction endows them with discrete transcriptional programs, but surprisingly, both populations are growth inhibited in the niche but can self-renew in vitro and make epidermis and hair when grafted. These findings suggest that the niche microenvironment imposes intrinsic "stemness" features without restricting the establishment of epithelial polarity and changes in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Blanpain
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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