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Courtney A, Lopez DJ, Lowe AJ, Holmes Z, Su JC. Burden of Disease and Unmet Needs in the Diagnosis and Management of Atopic Dermatitis in Diverse Skin Types in Australia. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113812. [PMID: 37298007 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic, inflammatory skin disease affecting Australians of all ages, races, ethnicities, and social classes. Significant physical, psychosocial, and financial burdens to both individuals and Australian communities have been demonstrated. This narrative review highlights knowledge gaps for AD in Australian skin of colour. We searched PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and Cochrane Library databases for review articles, systematic reviews, and cross-sectional and observational studies relating to AD in Australia for skin of colour and for different ethnicities. Statistical data from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare and the Australian Bureau of Statistics was collected. In recent years, there has been substantially increased awareness of and research into skin infections, such as scabies and impetigo, among various Australian subpopulations. Many such infections disproportionately affect First Nations Peoples. However, data for AD itself in these groups are limited. There is also little written regarding AD in recent, racially diverse immigrants with skin of colour. Areas for future research include AD epidemiology and AD phenotypes for First Nations Peoples and AD trajectories for non-Caucasian immigrants. We also note the evident disparity in both the level of understanding and the management standards of AD between urban and remote communities in Australia. This discrepancy relates to a relative lack of healthcare resources in marginalised communities. First Nations Peoples in particular experience socioeconomic disadvantage, have worse health outcomes, and experience healthcare inequality in Australia. Barriers to effective AD management must be identified and responsibly addressed for socioeconomically disadvantaged and remote-living communities to achieve healthcare equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashling Courtney
- Department of Dermatology, Eastern Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3128, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Diego J Lopez
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Adrian J Lowe
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Zack Holmes
- Department of Dermatology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - John C Su
- Department of Dermatology, Eastern Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3128, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
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A validated screening tool correctly identifies the majority of pregnant women at high risk of vitamin D deficiency. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 49:301-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kim SH, Kim JH, Lee SJ, Jung MS, Jeong DH, Lee KH. Minimally invasive skin sampling and transcriptome analysis using microneedles for skin type biomarker research. Skin Res Technol 2022; 28:322-335. [PMID: 35007372 PMCID: PMC9907599 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimally invasive skin sampling is used in various fields. In this study, we examined whether it was possible to obtain skin specimens using biocompatible microneedles composed of sodium hyaluronate and performed transcriptome analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-three subjects with different skin conditions, such as skin aging, skin hydration, skin pigmentation, oily skin and sensitive skin, were recruited. Skin types were evaluated based on age, non-invasive measurement devices, 10% lactic acid stinging test and visual assessment; the skin specimens were sampled from the face using microneedles. Total RNA was extracted, and microarray was performed. Correlations between various biomarkers and skin condition parameters were analysed. RESULTS Several skin-type biomarkers are correlated with age, non-invasive device measurements, LAST score and visual assessment of acne lesions. Representatively, COL1A1 (Collagen type 1 alpha 1 chain), FN1 (Fibronectin 1) and PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase protein 1) for skin aging, FLG (Filaggrin), KLF4 (Kruppel-like factor 4) and LOR (Loricrin) for skin hydration, GPNMB (Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B), MLANA (Melan-A) and TYR (Tyrosinase) for skin pigmentation, IGF1 (insulin-like growth factor-1), MPZL3 (Myelin protein zero like 3) and AQP3 (Aquaporin 3) for oily skin and PGF (placental growth factor), CYR61 (cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61), RBP4 (retinol-binding protein 4), TAC1 (Tachykinin precursor 1), CAMP (Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide), MMP9 (Matrix metallopeptidase 9), MMP3, MMP12 and CCR1 (C-C motif chemokine receptor 1) for sensitive skin. CONCLUSION Microneedle skin sampling is a new and minimally invasive option for transcriptome analysis of human skin and can be applied for diagnosis and treatment efficacy evaluation, as well as skin type classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Hyeong Kim
- Cutis Biomedical Research Center Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Cutis Biomedical Research Center Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Lee
- Cutis Biomedical Research Center Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sook Jung
- Cutis Biomedical Research Center Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kwang Hoon Lee
- Cutis Biomedical Research Center Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Guler E, Ozkan B, Yilmaz N, Ozgen F, Taslidere N, Aktas S, Su Kucuk O. Increased oxidative stress and imbalance dynamic thiol–disulfide homeostasis in Rosacea. TURKISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/tjd.tjd_96_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Perrett DI, Sprengelmeyer R. Clothing Aesthetics: Consistent Colour Choices to Match Fair and Tanned Skin Tones. Iperception 2021; 12:20416695211053361. [PMID: 34804470 PMCID: PMC8597069 DOI: 10.1177/20416695211053361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fashion stylists advise clothing colours according to personal categories that depend on skin, hair and eye colour. These categories are not defined scientifically, and advised colours are inconsistent. Such caveats may explain the lack of formal tests of clothing colour aesthetics. We assessed whether observers preferred clothing colours that are linked to variation in melanin levels among White women. For this, we presented 12 women's faces: six with fair skin (relatively lower in melanin) and six with tanned skin (relatively higher in melanin). Across two experiments, observers (N = 96 and 75) selected the colour (hue and saturation or hue and value) of simulated clothing that most suited the skin tone of each face. Observers showed strong preferences for red and blue hues, and in addition favoured ‘cool’ blue hues to match fair skin and ‘warm’ orange/red hues to match tanned skin. This finding suggests that skin tone can determine colour preferences for clothes.
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Cardiometabolic risk factors and hypovitaminosis D in adolescents with overweight from a sunny region in northeast Brazil: A cross-sectional study. NUTR HOSP 2021; 39:73-81. [PMID: 34779215 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND obesity can influence vitamin D levels, which in turn might be associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. OBJECTIVES this study assessed the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents with overweight living in a region of northeastern Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS a cross-sectional study was carried out by non-probabilistic sampling in adolescents diagnosed with overweight or obesity. The subjects were divided according to their 25(OH)D status into two groups: sufficient vitamin D and hypovitaminosis D. Biodemographic, lifestyle, cardiometabolic, and biochemical factors were evaluated. A logistic regression model was applied to determine the predictors of hypovitaminosis D. RESULTS we found a high frequency of hypovitaminosis D (45.6 %) in adolescents. Weekly sun exposure was negatively associated with hypovitaminosis D (OR = 0.96; 95 % CI: 0.92-0.99), while significant positive associations were observed between hypovitaminosis D and blood pressure above the 95th percentile (OR = 4.00; 95 % CI: 1.19-13.37), body weight (OR = 1.04; 95 % CI: 1.01-1.07), and fasting insulin (OR = 1.13; 95 % CI: 1.05-1.22). CONCLUSION hypovitaminosis D showed a high prevalence in adolescents with overweight living in a sunny region of northeastern Brazil, and cardiometabolic risk factors such as systemic arterial hypertension, high body weight, and hyperinsulinemia are predictors of hypovitaminosis D.
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Nitkunanantharajah S, Zahnd G, Olivo M, Navab N, Mohajerani P, Ntziachristos V. Skin Surface Detection in 3D Optoacoustic Mesoscopy Based on Dynamic Programming. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2020; 39:458-467. [PMID: 31329549 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2019.2928393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Optoacoustic (photoacoustic) mesoscopy offers unique capabilities in skin imaging and resolves skin features associated with detection, diagnosis, and management of disease. A critical first step in the quantitative analysis of clinical optoacoustic images is to identify the skin surface in a rapid, reliable, and automated manner. Nevertheless, most common edge- and surface-detection algorithms cannot reliably detect the skin surface on 3D raster-scan optoacoustic mesoscopy (RSOM) images, due to discontinuities and diffuse interfaces in the image. We present herein a novel dynamic programming approach that extracts the skin boundary as a 2D surface in one single step, as opposed to consecutive extraction of several independent 1D contours. A domain-specific energy function is introduced, taking into account the properties of volumetric optoacoustic mesoscopy images. The accuracy of the proposed method is validated on scans of the volar forearm of 19 volunteers with different skin complexions, for which the skin surface has been traced manually to provide a reference. In addition, the robustness and the limitations of the method are demonstrated on data where the skin boundaries are low-contrast or ill-defined. The automatic skin surface detection method can improve the speed and accuracy in the analysis of quantitative features seen on the RSOM images and accelerate the clinical translation of the technique. Our method can likely be extended to identify other types of surfaces in the RSOM and other imaging modalities.
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Fossa Shirata MM, Alves G, Maia Campos P. Photoageing‐related skin changes in different age groups: a clinical evaluation by biophysical and imaging techniques. Int J Cosmet Sci 2019; 41:265-273. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Fossa Shirata
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - G.A.D. Alves
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - P.M.B.G. Maia Campos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
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Beamer LC. Novel measurements for radiodermatitis research and clinical care: A pilot and feasibility study. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2019; 39:62-69. [PMID: 30850140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of clinician-measured breast length and bra cup size in the development of radiodermatitis over time and the efficacy of using multiple measurements of skin toxicity during radiotherapy were piloted. The feasibility of measures to be used in a larger future study was assessed. METHODS AND MATERIALS Participants included women receiving normofractionated or accelerated external breast radiotherapy provided in the supine position using 3-dimensional conformal techniques at a US community cancer center. Acute skin toxicity was assessed using the RTOG scale in 7 areas within the treatment field across 6 timepoints. The total score for the 7 areas was calculated each week. Breast length was measured, examined as an acute radiodermatitis risk factor, and compared against reported bra cup size. RM-ANOVAs examined radiodermatitis using maximum skin toxicity and 7 sites in the radiotherapy field over 6 timepoints. Correlation was implemented to explore the relationship between study variables. RESULTS Forty women consented to this study. Increase in breast length significantly correlated with increase in maximum RTOG score (p = .04); increased RTOG score in the upper medial breast quadrant (p = .04), upper lateral quadrant (p = .02), lower lateral quadrant (p = .02), inframammary fold (p = .001); with increasing BMI (p = .002) and bra cup size (p = .0003). The clinician-measured breast lengths and participant-reported bra cup sizes were discordant. Participants completed all measures and measurements including breast length. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that measuring breast length and assessing radiodermatitis in multiple areas of the treatment field is feasible. These measures may increase the sensitivity of skin toxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Curr Beamer
- School of Nursing, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA; College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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10
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Glavaš H, Vukobratović M, Keser T. Infrared thermography as control of handheld IPL device for home-use. J COSMET LASER THER 2018; 20:269-277. [PMID: 29400581 DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2017.1406607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Infrared thermography as contactless method for determining the temperature distribution on the surface is used for analyzing the impact of intense pulsed light hair removal device (IPL) on the skin. Depth of light penetration depending of wavelength is described as well as absorption curves and IPL impulse shapes. Energy balance and IPL impulse influence on the skin is analyzed. Melanin temperature rise by different fluence operation and temperature distribution in the modeled hair is used in order to determine overall skin temperature rise. Estimated energy balance provided by mathematical model has been confirmed with experimental results. Performed measurements, beside determination of the right emissivity, required the identification of most significant parameter in the process which proved to be the skin reference temperature and real temperature rise. Practical IPL application with detailed body temperature analysis is comprehensively described and thermal imaging interpretation problem and determination of the temperature rise is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Glavaš
- a Faculty of Electrical Engineering , Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek , Osijek , Croatia
| | - Marko Vukobratović
- a Faculty of Electrical Engineering , Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek , Osijek , Croatia
| | - Tomislav Keser
- a Faculty of Electrical Engineering , Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek , Osijek , Croatia
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11
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Lunn TH, Dawes JM, Denk F, Bennett DL, Husted H, Kehlet H, McMahon SB. Preoperative ultraviolet B inflammation in skin: Modelling individual differences in acute postoperative pain and neuro-immune interactions. Eur J Pain 2017; 22:170-180. [PMID: 28913854 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimmune interactions play a vital role in many of the most common pain conditions, such as arthritis. There have been many attempts to derive clinically predictive information from an individual's inflammatory response in order to gauge subsequent pain perception. OBJECTIVES Here, we wanted to test whether this effort could be enhanced and complemented by the use of a model system which takes into account the function of not just circulating, but also tissue-resident immune cells: ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation of the skin. METHODS We conducted psychophysical and transcriptional analysis of hyperalgesia arising as a result of UVB-induced inflammation in patients before total knee arthroplasty (TKA, n = 23). Levels of acute postoperative pain were assessed and correlated with preoperative data. RESULTS Cytokine and chemokine responses after UVB irradiation were found to be inversely correlated with the level of pain experienced after surgery (Spearman's ρ = -0.498). CONCLUSION It may be possible to use this simple model to study and predict the nature of neuro-immune responses at more remote, clinically relevant sites. SIGNIFICANCE A simple model of UVB inflammation in the skin might predict the degree of a patient's neuro-immune response and the extent of their postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Lunn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Centre for Fast-track Hip and Knee Arthroplasty, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J M Dawes
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, UK
| | - F Denk
- Neurorestoration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, UK
| | - D L Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, UK
| | - H Husted
- The Lundbeck Centre for Fast-track Hip and Knee Arthroplasty, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - H Kehlet
- The Lundbeck Centre for Fast-track Hip and Knee Arthroplasty, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section of Surgical Pathophysiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - S B McMahon
- Neurorestoration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, UK
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Kilci GD, Başer E, Verim A, Çalim ÖF, Veyseller B, Özturan O, Altintaş A, Çelik M. Outcomes of external septorhinoplasty in a Turkish male population. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 84:426-434. [PMID: 28579153 PMCID: PMC9449169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The first and one of the most important steps in facial plastic surgery is accurate preoperative facial analysis and recording of data that may help the surgeon to check the outcomes of his/her techniques, promoting a surgeon's professional development. Objective To evaluate the esthetic outcomes of external septorhinoplasty relevant to ethnic facial harmony and to investigate the relationship of the columellar incision scar with the type of skin and columellar incision type in a Turkish population. Methods In total, 28 consecutive adult male patients with a mean age of 32.14 ± 10.66 years (range: 18–61 years) were included the study. Primary outcomes were preoperative and postoperative photogrammetric facial analyses of the patients including measurement of nasofrontal angle, nasolabial angle and nasal projection ratios (Gode) assessed according to the data derived from the Rhinobase program. Results were compared to facial proportions of the Turkish population. Columellar incision scar scores related to the Fitzpatrick skin type classification of the patients and columellar incision types used for the external approach were secondary outcomes of the study. Results Mean preoperative and postoperative nasofrontal angles were 148.04° ± 8.18° and 144.50° ± 7.15°, respectively, while mean preoperative and postoperative nasolabial angles were 87.59° ± 14.01° and 98.50° ± 9.71°, respectively. Mean preoperative and postoperative nasal tip projection ratios were 0.56 ± 0.05 and 0.60 ± 0.06, respectively. The differences between pre- and postoperative measurements were all significantly different and were in accordance with Turkish nasal harmony. Columellar inverted “V” incisions were performed in 15 (53.6%) patients while “V” incisions were used in 13 (46.4%) patients. Fitzpatrick skin Type 4 was seen in 46.42% of the patients, Fitzpatrick Type 3 in 46.42% and Fitzpatrick Type 2 in 7.14% of the patients. No significant difference was seen between columellar scar scores according to skin type and columellar incision type used for external septorhinoplasty. Conclusions This study demonstrated that outcomes for nasofrontal angle, nasolabial angle and nasal tip projection ratios analyzed using the Rhinobase program in patients who underwent external septorhinoplasty were similar to reference values for the Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Didem Kilci
- Bakirköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Engin Başer
- Bakirköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Verim
- Bakirköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Çalim
- Bakirköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bayram Veyseller
- Bakirköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Orhan Özturan
- Bakirköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Altintaş
- Bakirköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Çelik
- Bakirköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Abstract
AbstractLow vitamin D status has been associated with unfavourable health outcomes. Postpartum, it is speculated that maternal vitamin D status decreases due to transfer of vitamin D from mother to child through breast milk. A few studies have investigated changes in maternal vitamin D postpartum and possible determinants. Thus, the aims of the present study were to determine changes in serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) between 2 weeks and 12 months postpartum in Swedish women and to evaluate lactation and other determinants for changes in 25(OH)D concentration postpartum. In total, seventy-eight women were studied at 2 weeks, 4 months and 12 months postpartum. Data collection included measurements of weight and height as well as information about lactation, sun exposure, use of oestrogen contraceptives and physical activity level. Blood samples were collected and serum 25(OH)D levels were analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem MS. Dietary intake of vitamin D was recorded using 4-d food diaries. For all the women studied, mean serum 25(OH)D did not change between 2 weeks and 12 months postpartum (67 (sd 23) v. 67 (sd 19) nmol/l). No association was found between lactation and changes in serum 25(OH)D concentration postpartum. Significant determinants for postpartum changes in 25(OH)D concentration were use of vitamin D supplements (P=0·003), use of oestrogen contraceptives (P=0·013) and season (P=0·005). In conclusion, no changes were observed in 25(OH)D concentrations during the 1st year postpartum in these women and no association was found between lactation and changes in 25(OH)D concentration postpartum. The main determinants for the variation in changes in 25(OH)D concentrations postpartum were use of vitamin D supplements, use of oestrogen contraceptives and season.
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Vitamin D status and its determinants during autumn in children at northern latitudes: a cross-sectional analysis from the optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet (OPUS) School Meal Study. Br J Nutr 2015; 115:239-50. [PMID: 26563915 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451500433x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sufficient summer/autumn vitamin D status appears important to mitigate winter nadirs at northern latitudes. We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate autumn vitamin D status and its determinants in 782 Danish 8-11-year-old children (55°N) using baseline data from the Optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet (OPUS) School Meal Study, a large randomised controlled trial. Blood samples and demographic and behavioural data, including 7-d dietary recordings, objectively measured physical activity, and time spent outdoors during school hours, were collected during September-November. Mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was 60·8 (sd 18·7) nmol/l. Serum 25(OH)D levels ≤50 nmol/l were found in 28·4 % of the children and 2·4 % had concentrations <25 nmol/l. Upon multivariate adjustment, increasing age (per year) (β -2·9; 95 % CI -5·1, -0·7 nmol/l), female sex (β -3·3; 95 % CI -5·9, -0·7 nmol/l), sampling in October (β -5·2; 95 % CI -10·1, -0·4 nmol/l) and November (β -13·3; 95 % CI -17·7, -9·1), and non-white ethnicity (β -5·7; 95 % CI -11·1, -0·3 nmol/l) were negatively associated with 25(OH)D (all P<0·05). Likewise, immigrant/descendant background was negatively associated with 25(OH)D, particularly in females (β -16·3; 95 % CI -21·9, -10·7) (P<0·001) (P interaction=0·003). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (min/d) (β 0·06; 95 % CI 0·01, 0·12), outdoor walking during school hours (min/week) (β 0·4; 95 % CI 0·1, 0·6) and intake of vitamin D-containing supplements ≥3 d/week (β 8·7; 95 % CI 6·4, 11·0) were positively associated with 25(OH)D (all P<0·05). The high proportion of children with vitamin D status below the recommended sufficiency level of 50 nmol/l raises concern as levels expectedly drop further during winter months. Frequent intake of vitamin D supplements was strongly associated with status. MVPA and outdoor activity during school hours should be investigated further in interventions to improve autumn vitamin D status in children at northern latitudes.
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Abstract
Voriconazole's antifungal spectrum, oral bioavailability, and proven efficacy in treatment of invasive mycoses have led to its widespread off-label use for antifungal prophylaxis. There is an increasing recognition that long-term voriconazole use is associated with accelerated sun-induced skin changes that include acute phototoxicity reactions, photoaging, actinic keratosis and esp. among immunocompromised patients, skin cancers. The mechanisms underlying these dermatologic adverse events are not clearly understood. Population-risks of long-term voriconazole use need to be prospectively investigated. This review aims to provide an in-depth assessment of published literature and highlight salient findings from retrospective studies and case series. A broad practical guideline for assessment and management of these patients is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Goyal
- a Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics , Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.,b University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
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Midlife plasma vitamin D concentrations and performance in different cognitive domains assessed 13 years later. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:1628-37. [PMID: 25864611 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515001051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) insufficiency is very common in many countries. Yet, the extent to which 25(OH)D status affects cognitive performance remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cross-time association between midlife plasma 25(OH)D concentrations and subsequent cognitive performance, using a subsample from the French 'SUpplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux AntioXydants' randomised trial (SU.VI.MAX, 1994-2002) and the SU.VI.MAX 2 observational follow-up study (2007-9). 25(OH)D concentrations were measured in plasma samples drawn in 1994-5, using an electrochemoluminescent immunoassay. Cognitive performance was evaluated in 2007-9 with a neuropsychological battery including phonemic and semantic fluency tasks, the RI-48 (rappel indicé-48 items) cued recall test, the Trail Making Test and the forward and backward digit span. Cognitive factors were extracted via principal component analysis (PCA). Data from 1009 individuals, aged 45-60 years at baseline, with available 25(OH)D and cognitive measurements were analysed by multivariable linear regression models and ANCOVA, stratified by educational level. PCA yielded two factors, designated as 'verbal memory' (strongly correlated with the RI-48 and phonemic/semantic fluency tasks) and 'short-term/working memory' (strongly correlated with the digit span tasks). In the fully adjusted regression model, among individuals with low education, there was a positive association between 25(OH)D concentrations and the 'short-term/working memory' factor (P=0.02), mainly driven by the backward digit span (P=0.004). No association with either cognitive factor was found among better educated participants. In conclusion, higher midlife 25(OH)D concentrations were linked to better outcomes concerning short-term and working memory. However, these results were specific to subjects with low education, suggesting a modifying effect of cognitive reserve.
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Vitamin D deficiency among native Dutch and first- and second-generation non-Western immigrants. Eur J Pediatr 2014; 173:583-8. [PMID: 24257913 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-013-2198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency in a hospital-based population of both native Dutch and non-Western immigrants and to investigate the influence of immigrant status on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 132 patients (1-18 years of age) visiting the paediatric outpatient department. Serum levels of 25(OH)D were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Cut-off levels of 30 and 50 nmol/l for serum 25(OH)D were evaluated. One third of the patients had serum 25(OH)D levels below 30 nmol/l, and half of the study population had serum levels below 50 nmol/l. Non-Western immigrants had an increased risk for vitamin D deficiency compared to their native Dutch peers [25(OH)D of <30 nmol/l, p = 0.03, odds ratio (OR) 3.87 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.13-13.29); 25(OH)D of <50 nmol/l, p = 0.02, OR 3.57 (95 % CI 1.26-10.14)] with the highest risk for first-generation non-Western immigrants. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency in the paediatric population is still a matter of concern in the Netherlands, in particular among first-generation non-Western immigrants. We therefore strongly recommend vitamin D supplementation for all non-Western immigrants, regardless of age, skin type or season. Health-care staff who work with non-Western immigrants should be aware of the prevalence and implications of vitamin D deficiency.
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Gomez-Berrada MP, Gautier F, Parent-Massin D, Ferret PJ. Retrospective exposure data for baby and children care products: An analysis of 48 clinical studies. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 57:185-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hedlund L, Brembeck P, Olausson H. Determinants of vitamin D status in fair-skinned women of childbearing age at northern latitudes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60864. [PMID: 23593333 PMCID: PMC3621883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Poor vitamin D status during pregnancy has been associated with unfavorable outcomes for mother and child. Thus, adequate vitamin D status in women of childbearing age may be important. The aim of this study is to investigate the determinants of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) serum concentrations in women of childbearing age living in Sweden, at latitude 57-58° north. METHOD Eighty four non-pregnant, non-lactating, healthy, fair-skinned women aged between 25-40 years were included. All subjects provided blood samples, four day food records and answered questionnaires about sun exposure and lifestyle. Total serum 25(OH)D was analyzed using Roche Cobas® electrochemoluminiescent immunoassay. RESULTS Mean 25(OH)D was 65.8±19.9 nmol/l and 23% of the subjects had concentrations <50 nmol/l. Only 1% had concentrations <25 nmol/l. Determinants of 25(OH)D concentrations were recent sunbed use, recent travel to southern latitude, season, estrogen contraceptive use and use of supplementary vitamin D (R(2) = 0.27). CONCLUSION Every fifth woman had 25(OH)D concentrations <50 nmol/l. About 30% of the variation in vitamin D status was explained by sun exposure, use of vitamin D supplements and use of estrogen contraceptives. Cutaneous vitamin D synthesis seems to be a major contributor to vitamin D status, even at northern latitudes. Thus, recommendations on safe UV-B exposure could be beneficial for vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Hedlund
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Coelho SG, Zmudzka BZ, Yin L, Miller SA, Yamaguchi Y, Tadokoro T, Hearing VJ, Beer JZ. Non-invasive diffuse reflectance measurements of cutaneous melanin content can predict human sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:266-71. [PMID: 23528212 PMCID: PMC3609039 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of human skin phenotypes and the ubiquitous exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) underscore the need for a non-invasive tool to predict an individual's UVR sensitivity. We analysed correlations between UVR sensitivity, melanin content, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DR) and UVR-induced DNA damage in the skin of subjects from three racial/ethnic groups: Asian, black or African American and White. UVR sensitivity was determined by evaluating each subject's response to one minimal erythemal dose (MED) of UVR one day after the exposure. Melanin content was measured using DR and by densitometric analysis of Fontana-Masson staining (FM) in skin biopsies taken from unexposed areas. An individual's UVR sensitivity based on MED was highly correlated with melanin content measured by DR and by FM. Therefore, a predictive model for the non-invasive determination of UVR sensitivity using DR was developed. The MED precision was further improved when we took race/ethnicity into consideration. The use of DR serves as a tool for predicting UVR sensitivity in humans that should be invaluable for determining appropriate UVR doses for therapeutic, diagnostic and/or cosmetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio G Coelho
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Abstract
Low maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy may have negative consequences for both mother and child. There are few studies of vitamin D status and its determinants in pregnant women living at northern latitudes. Thus, the present study investigates vitamin D status and its determinants during the third trimester of women living in Sweden (latitudes 57-58°N). A total of ninety-five fair-skinned pregnant women had blood taken between gestational weeks 35 and 37. The study included a 4 d food diary and questionnaires on dietary intake, supplement use, sun exposure, skin type, travels to southern latitudes and measure of BMI. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was analysed using the chemiluminescence immunoassay. In the third trimester of pregnancy, mean serum concentration of 25(OH)D was 47.4 (sd 18.1) nmol/l (range 10-93 nmol/l). In total, 65% of women had serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l and 17 % < 30 nmol/l. During the winter, 85% of the pregnant women had serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l and 28 % < 30 nmol/l. The main determinants of vitamin D status were as follows: season; use of vitamin D supplements; travels to southern latitudes. Together, these explained 51% of the variation in 25(OH)D. In conclusion, during the winter, the majority of fair-skinned pregnant women had serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l in their third trimester and more than every fourth woman < 30 nmol/l. Higher vitamin D intake may therefore be needed during the winter for fair-skinned pregnant women at northern latitudes to avoid vitamin D deficiency.
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Paterson KJ, Zambreanu L, Bennett DLH, McMahon SB. Characterisation and mechanisms of bradykinin-evoked pain in man using iontophoresis. Pain 2013; 154:782-92. [PMID: 23422725 PMCID: PMC3919168 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK) is an inflammatory mediator that can evoke oedema and vasodilatation, and is a potent algogen signalling via the B1 and B2 G-protein coupled receptors. In naïve skin, BK is effective via constitutively expressed B2 receptors (B2R), while B1 receptors (B1R) are purported to be upregulated by inflammation. The aim of this investigation was to optimise BK delivery to investigate the algesic effects of BK and how these are modulated by inflammation. BK iontophoresis evoked dose- and temperature-dependent pain and neurogenic erythema, as well as thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia (P < 0.001 vs saline control). To differentiate the direct effects of BK from indirect effects mediated by histamine released from mast cells (MCs), skin was pretreated with compound 4880 to degranulate the MCs prior to BK challenge. The early phase of BK-evoked pain was reduced in degranulated skin (P < 0.001), while thermal and mechanical sensitisation, wheal, and flare were still evident. In contrast to BK, the B1R selective agonist des-Arg9-BK failed to induce pain or sensitise naïve skin. However, following skin inflammation induced by ultraviolet B irradiation, this compound produced a robust pain response. We have optimised a versatile experimental model by which BK and its analogues can be administered to human skin. We have found that there is an early phase of BK-induced pain which partly depends on the release of inflammatory mediators by MCs; however, subsequent hyperalgesia is not dependent on MC degranulation. In naïve skin, B2R signaling predominates, however, cutaneous inflammation results in enhanced B1R responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Paterson
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Disease, King's College London, London, UK.
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The response of human skin commensal bacteria as a reflection of UV radiation: UV-B decreases porphyrin production. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47798. [PMID: 23133525 PMCID: PMC3485044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent global radiation fears reflect the urgent need for a new modality that can simply determine if people are in a radiation risk of developing cancer and other illnesses. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been thought to be the major risk factor for most skin cancers. Although various biomarkers derived from the responses of human cells have been revealed, detection of these biomarkers is cumbersome, probably requires taking live human tissues, and varies significantly depending on human immune status. Here we hypothesize that the reaction of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), a human resident skin commensal, to UV radiation can serve as early surrogate markers for radiation risk because the bacteria are immediately responsive to radiation. In addition, the bacteria can be readily accessible and exposed to the same field of radiation as human body. To test our hypothesis, P. acnes was exposed to UV-B radiation. The production of porphyrins in P. acnes was significantly reduced with increasing doses of UV-B. The porphyrin reduction can be detected in both P. acnes and human skin bacterial isolates. Exposure of UV-B to P. acnes- inoculated mice led to a significant decrease in porphyrin production in a single colony of P. acnes and simultaneously induced the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) in the epidermal layers of mouse skin. Mass spectrometric analysis via a linear trap quadrupole (LTQ)-Orbitrap XL showed that five peptides including an internal peptide (THLPTGIVVSCQNER) of a peptide chain release factor 2 (RF2) were oxidized by UV-B. Seven peptides including three internal peptides of 60 kDa chaperonin 1 were de-oxidized by UV-B. When compared to UV-B, gamma radiation also decreased the porphyrin production of P. acnes in a dose-dependent manner, but induced a different signature of protein oxidation/de-oxidation. We highlight that uncovering response of skin microbiome to radiation will facilitate the development of pre-symptomatic diagnosis of radiation risk in a battlefield exposure, nuclear accidents, terrorist attacks, or cancer imaging/therapy.
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Neves JPR, Silva AS, Morais LCSLD, Diniz ADS, Costa MJDC, Asciutti LSR, Gonçalves MDCR. Concentrações de 25-hidroxivitamina D e níveis pressóricos em idosos hipertensos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 56:415-22. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302012000700002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar fatores relacionados à prevalência da hipovitaminose D e relação com pressão arterial em 91 idosos hipertensos de João Pessoa, PB/BR. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Em estudo transversal, níveis de 25-hidroxivitamina D foram comparados com dados bioquímicos, antropométricos, dietéticos, tipo de pele, exposição solar e pressão arterial. RESULTADOS: A prevalência da inadequação da vitamina (25-hidroxivitamina D < 29 ng/mL) foi 33%. A concentração sérica de 25-hidroxivitamina D associou-se inversamente com a pressão arterial sistólica e positivamente com frequência semanal do consumo de peixes. As outras variáveis estudadas não mostraram associação significativa com 25-hidroxivitamina D. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência da inadequação das concentrações de vitamina D foi elevada e relacionada com maior pressão arterial em idosos. Por outro lado, um maior consumo semanal de peixe está ligado a maiores concentrações da 25-hidroxivitamina D.
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Murray A, Moore T, Richards H, Ennis H, Griffiths C, Herrick A. Pilot study of intense pulsed light for the treatment of systemic sclerosis-related telangiectases. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167:563-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11019.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cunha VS, Meotti C, Oliveira JH, Sprinz E, Alvares-da-Silva MR, Goldani LZ. Different patterns of dermatological presentations in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus (HCV), and those infected with HCV alone. Clin Exp Dermatol 2011; 37:122-7. [PMID: 22103463 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) share the same transmission routes. About 30% of HIV-positive patients are co-infected with HCV. Of the various HCV-related extrahepatic events, those involving the skin may be the first sign of infection. AIM To specify the skin presentations in patients co-infected with HIV and HCV (co-infected patients; CP) and compare them with those found in patients with HCV mono-infection (mono-infected patients; MP). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study, in which the studied population consisted of MP and CP from a tertiary hospital in the South of Brazil, who underwent complete skin examination and laboratory tests. RESULTS In total, 201 patients were assessed, of whom 108 were CP, and 93 were MP. Pruritus tended to be more common in MP. MP also had significantly more dermatological conditions (mean of 5.2) than CP (mean of 4.5). In total, 104 different skin diseases were identified. There was a higher prevalence of infectious diseases and pigmentation disorders, such as verruca vulgaris and facial melasma, in CP, whereas trunk and facial telangiectasias, palmar erythema, and varicose veins were more common in MP. CONCLUSION We found a high prevalence of skin conditions both in MP and in CP; however, the patterns of the dermatological conditions were different. CP were found to have significantly fewer skin lesions than MP, but had a higher prevalence of infectious and pigmentation disorders. By contrast, vascular conditions were more common in MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Cunha
- Section of Dermatology, Internal Medicine Department, Universidade Federal do Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Dawes JM, Calvo M, Perkins JR, Paterson KJ, Kiesewetter H, Hobbs C, Kaan TKY, Orengo C, Bennett DLH, McMahon SB. CXCL5 mediates UVB irradiation-induced pain. Sci Transl Med 2011; 3:90ra60. [PMID: 21734176 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3002193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Many persistent pain states (pain lasting for hours, days, or longer) are poorly treated because of the limitations of existing therapies. Analgesics such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids often provide incomplete pain relief and prolonged use results in the development of severe side effects. Identification of the key mediators of various types of pain could improve such therapies. Here, we tested the hypothesis that hitherto unrecognized cytokines and chemokines might act as mediators in inflammatory pain. We used ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation to induce persistent, abnormal sensitivity to pain in humans and rats. The expression of more than 90 different inflammatory mediators was measured in treated skin at the peak of UVB-induced hypersensitivity with custom-made polymerase chain reaction arrays. There was a significant positive correlation in the overall expression profiles between the two species. The expression of several genes [interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)], previously shown to contribute to pain hypersensitivity, was significantly increased after UVB exposure, and there was dysregulation of several chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL7, CCL11, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL4, CXCL7, and CXCL8). Among the genes measured, CXCL5 was induced to the greatest extent by UVB treatment in human skin; when injected into the skin of rats, CXCL5 recapitulated the mechanical hypersensitivity caused by UVB irradiation. This hypersensitivity was associated with the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages into the dermis, and neutralizing the effects of CXCL5 attenuated the abnormal pain-like behavior. Our findings demonstrate that the chemokine CXCL5 is a peripheral mediator of UVB-induced inflammatory pain, likely in humans as well as rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Dawes
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Monticielo OA, Brenol JCT, Chies JAB, Longo MGF, Rucatti GG, Scalco R, Xavier RM. The role of BsmI and FokI vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in Brazilian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2011; 21:43-52. [PMID: 21993390 DOI: 10.1177/0961203311421798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been described in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). BsmI VDR (vitamin D receptor) gene polymorphism was associated with SLE in Asian patients. Studies in Brazilian populations have not been realized. A case-control study with 195 SLE patients and 201 healthy controls was conducted to investigate the influence of BsmI and FokI VDR gene polymorphisms on susceptibility to SLE. In addition, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured in SLE patients to evaluate possible associations with VDR polymorphic variants and clinical and laboratory expressions of disease. Genotyping was performed by RFLP-PCR. The measurement of 25(OH)D was performed by chemiluminescence. There was no statistically significant difference in genotype and allelic frequencies of BsmI and FokI polymorphisms between European-derived cases and controls. The mean serum levels of 25(OH)D were 25.51 ± 11.43 ng/ml in SLE patients. According to genotype distribution, 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly higher in patients carrying the FokI f/f genotype compared with patients carrying the F/F genotype (31.6 ± 14.1 ng/ml versus 23.0 ± 9.2 ng/ml, p = 0.004), reinforcing its role in the functional activity of VDR. This feature may be considered in future clinical and experimental studies involving vitamin D measurements. Therefore, genetic-specific definitions of ideal levels of vitamin D in SLE need to be established in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Monticielo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Echographic measurement of skin thickness in sites suitable for intradermal vaccine injection in infants and children. Vaccine 2011; 29:8438-42. [PMID: 21821081 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Whereas the knowledge of skin thickness is essential to determine microneedle length and ensure proper administration of and better responses to intradermal vaccines, very few figures are available, especially in infants and children. Using ultrasound echography, we investigated skin thickness in 384 children aged 4-7, 12-18, and 54-66 months at potential body sites for intradermal vaccine delivery: deltoid, suprascapular, upper back, and lumbar area. The mean epidermis plus dermis thickness was significantly higher at the suprascapular than at the deltoid site (1.29mm vs. 1.22mm) and remained relatively unchanged whatever the BMI, age, sex, and skin phototype. In the 43 children aged 54-66 months, the mean skin thickness was significantly higher in the upper than in the lumbar area (1.39mm vs. 1.31mm). In this study setting, the heterogeneity in skin thickness cannot be considered sufficient to indicate various microneedle lengths for various ages or injection sites.
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Sääf M, Fernell E, Kristiansson F, Barnevik Olsson M, Gustafsson SA, Bågenholm G. Severe vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women of Somali origin living in Sweden. Acta Paediatr 2011; 100:612-4. [PMID: 21410524 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sääf
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Raimundo FV, Faulhaber GAM, Menegatti PK, Marques LDS, Furlanetto TW. Effect of High- versus Low-Fat Meal on Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels after a Single Oral Dose of Vitamin D: A Single-Blind, Parallel, Randomized Trial. Int J Endocrinol 2011; 2011:809069. [PMID: 22190928 PMCID: PMC3235461 DOI: 10.1155/2011/809069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims. Vitamin D(3) is liposoluble, so dietary fat could increase its oral absorption. Our aim was to compare serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] after the oral intake of cholecalciferol with a high- or low-fat meal. Methods. In a single-blind, parallel clinical trial, 32 healthy physicians were divided into two groups. In the same day, they ingested 50,000 IU (1.25 mg) of vitamin D(3) with food: group 1 (G1): lipids: 25.6 g and group 2 (G2) lipids: 1.7 g. Serum 25(OH)D (0, 7, and 14 days), and parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcium (0 and 14 days) were measured. Results. Baseline mean serum 25(OH)D levels were 42.7 ± 19.0 nmol/L in G1 and 36.4 ± 19.0 nmol/L in G2 (P = 0.38). After cholecalciferol, mean serum 25(OH)D was higher in G1 (P < 0.001): 7 days: G1 = 46.2 (38.4-53.9) nmol/L and G2 = 33.7 (25.4-40.1) nmol/L; 14 days: G1 = 53.7 (45.2-62.1) nmol/L and G2 = 33.7 (25.2-42.2) nmol/L. Serum PTH and 25(OH)D were negatively correlated before and after the intake of vitamin D(3), respectively, r = -0.42 (P = 0.02) and r = -0.52 (P = 0.003). Conclusions. A high-fat meal increased the absorption of vitamin D(3), as measured by serum 25(OH)D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Viegas Raimundo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2400, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Kalinka Menegatti
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350/700, 90035-903 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo da Silva Marques
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350/700, 90035-903 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tania Weber Furlanetto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2400, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350/700, 90035-903 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- *Tania Weber Furlanetto:
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Dia A, Gautret P, Adheossi E, Bienaimé A, Gaillard C, Simon F, Parola P, Brouqui P. Illness in French travelers to Senegal: prospective cohort follow-up and sentinel surveillance data. J Travel Med 2010; 17:296-302. [PMID: 20920049 DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2010.00439.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate travel-associated illnesses in French travelers to Senegal. METHODS A prospective cohort follow-up was conducted in 358 travelers recruited at a pre-travel visit in Marseille and compared to data from ill travelers collected from the GeoSentinel data platform in two clinics in Marseille. RESULTS In the cohort survey, 87% of travelers experienced health complaints during travel, which most frequently included arthropod bites (75%), diarrhea (46%), and sunburns (36%). Severe febrile illness cases, notably malaria and salmonella, were detected only through the surveillance system, not in the cohort follow-up. Food hygiene was inefficient in preventing diarrhea. Arthropod bites were more frequent in younger patients and in patients with pale phototypes. Sunburns were also more frequent in younger patients. Finally, we demonstrate that mild travel-related gastrointestinal symptoms and the lack of arthropod bites are significantly associated with poor observance of antimalarial prophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we suggest the complementary nature of using cohort surveys and sentinel surveillance data. Effective protection of skin from arthropod bites and sun exposure should result in significantly reduced travel-associated diseases in Senegal. Travelers to Senegal should be informed that diarrhea is extremely common despite preventive measures, but it is mild and transitory and should not lead to the disruption of malaria chemoprophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aïssata Dia
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Nord, AP-HM, Marseille, France
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Scherer D, Kumar R. Genetics of pigmentation in skin cancer--a review. Mutat Res 2010; 705:141-153. [PMID: 20601102 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin pigmentation is one of the most overt human physical traits with consequences on susceptibility to skin cancer. The variations in skin pigmentation are dependent on geographic location and population ethnicity. Skin colouration is mainly due to the pigmentation substance melanin, produced in specialized organelles (melanosomes) within dendritic melanocytes, and transferred to neighbouring keratinocytes. The two types of melanin synthesized in well defined chemical reactions are the protective dark coloured eumelanin and the sulphur containing light red-yellow pheomelanin. The events leading to the synthesis of melanin are controlled by signalling cascades that involve a host of genes encoding ligands, receptors, transcription factors, channel transporters and many other crucial molecules. Several variants within the genes involved in pigmentation have been associated with high risk phenotypes like fair skin, brown-red hair and green-blue eyes. Many of those variants have also been implicated in the risk of various skin cancers. The variants within the key pigmentation gene, melanocortin-receptor 1 (MC1R), in particular have been ubiquitously linked with high risk traits and skin cancers involving both pigmentary and non-pigmentary functions and likely interaction with variants in other genes. Many of the variants in other genes, functional in pigmentation pathway, have also been associated with phenotypic variation and risk of skin cancers. Those genes include agouti signalling protein (ASIP), tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), oculocutaneous albinism II (OCA2), various solute carrier genes and transporters. Most of those associations have been confirmed in genome wide association studies that at the same time have also identified new loci involved in phenotypic variation and skin cancer risk. In conclusion, the genetic variants within the genes involved in skin pigmentation besides influencing phenotypic traits are important determinants of risk of several skin cancers. However, ultimate risk of skin cancer is dependent on interplay between genetic and host factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Scherer
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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González FJ, Martínez-Escanamé M, Muñoz RI, Torres-Álvarez B, Moncada B. Diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry for skin phototype determination. Skin Res Technol 2010; 16:397-400. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2010.00450.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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MARMUR ELLEN, GREEN LAWRENCE, BUSSO MARIANO. Controlled, Randomized Study of Pain Levels in Subjects Treated with Calcium Hydroxylapatite Premixed with Lidocaine for Correction of Nasolabial Folds. Dermatol Surg 2010; 36:309-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2009.01435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Visible light irradiation after application of a photosensitizer (topical photodynamic therapy; PDT) is increasingly used to treat nonmelanoma skin cancers and premalignant actinic keratoses. PDT can provide a cosmetically superior alternative to surgery, but carries failure rates of 10-40%. While some murine studies have suggested immune enhancement by PDT, others reported immunosuppressive effects, which may indicate impaired antitumour immunity and thus compromised tumour clearance. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the in vivo immune effects of PDT in humans. METHODS Using healthy, Mantoux-positive volunteers, we irradiated discrete areas of the back with narrowband red light (630 nm; 37 J cm(-2)), with and without prior application of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) or methyl aminolaevulinate (MAL). Adjacent, untreated areas served as immunologically intact control sites. Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to tuberculin purified protein derivative (Mantoux reactions) were then elicited in each of the irradiated, unirradiated and control sites, and the intensity of the reactions was quantitated with an erythema meter and by measurement of Mantoux diameter. By comparing Mantoux intensity at treated and control sites, immunosuppression was determined in each volunteer for each intervention. RESULTS We found that both MAL-PDT and ALA-PDT significantly suppressed Mantoux erythema (by 30% and 50%, respectively) and diameter (41% and 38%). Red light alone significantly suppressed diameter (22%) but not erythema (13%). CONCLUSIONS Topical PDT induced significant immune suppression, which could impair local antitumour immune responses and may thus contribute to treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Matthews
- Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Cancer Centre, The University of Sydney at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Marmur ES, Taylor SC, Grimes PE, Boyd CM, Porter JP, Yoo JY. Six-month safety results of calcium hydroxylapatite for treatment of nasolabial folds in Fitzpatrick skin types IV to VI. Dermatol Surg 2009; 35 Suppl 2:1641-5. [PMID: 19708876 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2009.01311.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the cosmetic market has seen an increase in the options for treatment for people with dark skin. OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the use of calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA), a dermal filler indicated for the correction of moderate to severe facial wrinkles and folds, including the nasolabial folds (NLFs) in individuals with dark skin. METHODS This open-label, nonrandomized, prospective, five-center trial enrolled 100 patients aged 18 and older with Fitzpatrick skin types IV to VI. CaHA was injected subdermally with a 25- to 27-gauge needle. Participants received a range of 0.6 to 2.8 mL of CaHA and returned at 3 and 6 months to be assessed for keloid formation, hypertrophic scarring, and hyper- or hypopigmentation. If necessary, each subject was offered a touch-up at the conclusion of the 6-month visit. RESULTS No reports of keloid formation, hypertrophic scarring, hypo- or hyperpigmentation, or other clinically significant adverse events were recorded. CONCLUSIONS People with dark skin injected subdermally with CaHA do not show signs of keloid formation, hypertrophic scarring, or hyper- or hypopigmentation. Because of this safety feature, as well as other characteristics of the product already shown in clinical literature, CaHA is an attractive dermal filler in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen S Marmur
- Division of Dermatologic and Cosmetic Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA.
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Faulhaber GAM, Premaor MO, Moser Filho HL, Silla LM, Furlanetto TW. Low bone mineral density is associated with insulin resistance in bone marrow transplant subjects. Bone Marrow Transplant 2009; 43:953-7. [PMID: 19363530 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2009.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Post-BMT subjects have an increased bone fracture risk. Additionally, several factors were associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis in these individuals. We aimed to identify other factors associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis in allogeneic post-BMT subjects. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 47 allogeneic post- BMT subjects. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone, ferritin, vitamin B(12), insulin, glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured. Insulin resistance and secretion were estimated through the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and homeostatic model assessment for beta-cell function (HOMA-B), respectively. A bone densitometry (BMD) was also obtained. The median time after BMT was 47.7 (12-115) months. Osteoporosis was identified in 17.0% of the subjects and osteopenia in 19.7%. The mean serum ferritin (P=0.002), insulin (P<0.0001), glucose (P=0.003) and triglyceride (P=0.018) levels were higher in individuals with osteopenia/osteoporosis. HOMA-IR (P<0.0001) and HOMA-B (P<0.0001) were increased in post-BMT subjects with osteopenia/osteoporosis. There was no other factor associated with the outcome. After adjustments ferritin, serum 25(OH)D and HOMA-IR remained independently associated with osteopenia/osteoporosis; however triglycerides no longer were. In conclusion, in the present study, low serum 25(OH)D levels, high serum ferritin levels and insulin resistance were associated with osteopenia/osteoporosis in post-BMT subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A M Faulhaber
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Horkay I, Emri G, Varga V, Simics E, Remenyik E. Environmental dermatology in childhood: photosensitivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.2217/17455111.2.6.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, sunlight-induced damage of healthy human skin, including skin malignancies and a large scale of photodermatoses representing a diverse group of diseases, have increased in childhood as a result of unfavorable environmental changes. This article yields an overview of the diagnosis, the clinical features and the treatment of these conditions and disorders and also reveals perspectives. Some diseases are more frequent in the pediatric population than in adulthood, whereas others heal spontaneously during adolescence and vice versa. The majority of cases are idiopathic photodermatoses, mainly polymorphic light eruption. Photosensitivity may be an early symptom of genetic disorders, such as porphyria, or very rare genophotodermatoses. Photosensitivity, secondary to topical or systemic external agents as well as photoexacerbated dermatoses, is not so frequent in childhood. Effective photoprotection is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Horkay
- Department of Dermatology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Emri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Varga
- Department of Dermatology, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eniko Simics
- Department of Dermatology, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eva Remenyik
- Department of Dermatology, University of Debrecen, Hungary
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Premaor MO, Paludo P, Manica D, Paludo AP, Rossatto ER, Scalco R, Furlanetto TW. Hypovitaminosis D and secondary hyperparathyroidism in resident physicians of a general hospital in southern Brazil. J Endocrinol Invest 2008; 31:991-5. [PMID: 19169055 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and secondary hyperparathyroidism in resident physicians of a general hospital in southern Brazil and identify associated factors. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. POPULATION Resident physicians of Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. PARTICIPANTS Seventythree subjects age 26.4+/-1.9. MEASUREMENTS Serum PTH, 25- hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], total calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase were measured. In addition calcium, creatinine, and magnesium were measured in urine. Fractional excretion of calcium and magnesium were calculated. Calcium intake was estimated by a food intake questionnaire. RESULTS Mean serum levels of 25(OH)D were 17.9+/-8.0 ng/ml and 57.4% presented 25(OH)D below 20 ng/ml. Secondary hyperparathyroidism, defined as serum PTH > or =48 pg/ml and normal or low serum calcium, was identified in 39.7% of the individuals. Mean serum levels of magnesium were higher (p=0.02) and the fractional excretion of calcium was lower (p<0.001) in individuals with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Serum PTH levels were positively correlated with body mass index (r=0.33 and p=0.006) and serum magnesium levels (r=0.33 and p=0.02) and negatively correlated with serum 25(OH)D levels (r=-0.33 and p=0.008), estimated calcium intake (r=-0.25 and p=0.04), and fractional excretion of calcium (r=-0.34 and p=0.009). CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism was very common in resident physicians. Therefore, measures to prevent this situation should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Premaor
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Assessment of a new questionnaire for self-reported sun sensitivity in an occupational skin cancer screening program. BMC DERMATOLOGY 2008; 8:4. [PMID: 18950496 PMCID: PMC2582222 DOI: 10.1186/1471-5945-8-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Sun sensitivity of the skin is a risk factor for the development of cutaneous melanoma and other skin cancers. Epidemiological studies on causal factors for the development of melanoma must control for sun sensitivity as a confounder. A standardized instrument for measuring sun sensitivity has not been established yet. It is assumed that many studies show a high potential of residual confounding for sun sensitivity. In the present study, a new questionnaire for the assessment of self-reported sun sensitivity is administered and examined. Methods Prior to an occupational skin cancer screening program, the 745 participating employees were asked to fill in a questionnaire for self-assessment of sun sensitivity. The questionnaire was developed by experts of the working group "Round Table Sunbeds" (RTS) to limit the health hazards of sunbed use in Germany. A sun sensitivity score (RTS-score) was calculated using 10 indicators. The internal consistency of the questionnaire and the agreement with other methods (convergent validity) were examined. Results The RTS-score was calculated for 655 study participants who were 18 to 65 years of age. The correlation of the items among each other was between 0.12 and 0.62. The items and the RTS-score correlated between 0.46 and 0.77. The internal consistency showed a reliability coefficient with 0.82 (Cronbach's alpha). The comparison with the Fitzpatrick classification, the prevailing standard, was possible in 617 cases with a rank correlation of rs = 0.65. The categorization of the RTS-score in four risk groups showed correct classification to the four skin types of Fitzpatrick in 75% of the cases. Other methods for the assessment of sun sensitivity displayed varying agreements with the RTS-score. Conclusion The RTS questionnaire showed a sufficient internal consistency. There is a good convergent validity between the RTS-score and the Fritzpatrick classification avoiding shortcomings of the prevailing standard. The questionnaire represents a simple, reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of sun sensitivity. The questionnaire can be useful for epidemiological studies as well as for skin cancer prevention. Further development and standardization of sun sensitivity assessments is necessary to strengthen the evidence of epidemiological studies on causal factors of melanoma and other skin cancers.
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Pignol JP, Olivotto I, Rakovitch E, Gardner S, Sixel K, Beckham W, Vu TTT, Truong P, Ackerman I, Paszat L. A multicenter randomized trial of breast intensity-modulated radiation therapy to reduce acute radiation dermatitis. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:2085-92. [PMID: 18285602 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.15.2488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dermatitis is a frequent adverse effect of adjuvant breast radiotherapy. It is more likely in full-breasted women and when the radiation is distributed nonhomogeneously in the breast. Breast intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is a technique that ensures a more homogeneous dose distribution. PATIENTS AND METHODS A multicenter, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was performed to test if breast IMRT would reduce the rate of acute skin reaction (notably moist desquamation), decrease pain, and improve quality of life compared with standard radiotherapy using wedges. Patients were assessed each week during and up to 6 weeks after radiotherapy. RESULTS A total of 358 patients were randomly assigned between July 2003 and March 2005 in two Canadian centers, and 331 were included in the analysis. Breast IMRT significantly improved the dose distribution compared with standard radiation. This translated into a lower proportion of patients experiencing moist desquamation during or up to 6 weeks after their radiation treatment; 31.2% with IMRT compared with 47.8% with standard treatment (P = .002). A multivariate analysis found the use of breast IMRT (P = .003) and smaller breast size (P < .001) were significantly associated with a decreased risk of moist desquamation. The use of IMRT did not correlate with pain and quality of life, but the presence of moist desquamation did significantly correlate with pain (P = .002) and a reduced quality of life (P = .003). CONCLUSION Breast IMRT significantly reduced the occurrence of moist desquamation compared with a standard wedged technique. Moist desquamation was correlated with increased pain and reduction in the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Pignol
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre T2-144, 2075, Bayview Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5 Canada.
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Scalco R, Premaor MO, Fröehlich PE, Furlanetto TW. High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and secondary hyperparathyroidism in elders living in nonprofit homes in South Brazil. Endocrine 2008; 33:95-100. [PMID: 18401764 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-008-9061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Revised: 03/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypovitaminosis D (HD) and secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHP) are common in elders, and many factors could contribute to them. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of HD, SHP, and its associated factors, in individuals living in nonprofit homes for elders in south Brazil. Design Cross-sectional study. METHODS Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH)D, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), total calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, magnesium, creatinine, and albumin levels were measured in late spring, November, 2005. The presence of factors potentially related with HD and SHP-age, sex, weight, height, skin phototype, sun exposure, exercise, smoking, use of < or = 5 medications or diuretics or alcohol, and daily calcium ingestion. RESULTS 102 subjects age 77.8 +/- 9.0 were included in the study. HD was found in 85.7% and SHP in 53% of the subjects. The estimated daily calcium ingestion was 720 mg. There was no association between serum 25(OH)D levels and any of the risk factors evaluated. Serum 25(OH)D levels were correlated with serum PTH (r = -0.358, P = 0.000), calcium (r = 0.306, P = 0.002), and albumin (r = 0.253, P = 0.011) levels. In univariate analysis, SHP was positively associated with age (P = 0.006), and female sex (0.007); and negatively associated with sunlight exposure (P = 0.020), GFR (P = 0.000), Ln25(OH)D (P = 0.002), and total serum calcium (P = 0.024). After multivariate model adjustment, age [OR 1.09 (CI 1.01-1.18); P = 0.024], Ln25(OH)D [OR 0.92 (CI 0.08-0.74); P = 0.013], GFR [OR 0.96 (CI 0.92-0.99); P = 0.013], and hydrochlorothiazide treatment [OR 7.63 (CI 1.67-34.9); P = 0.008] were independently associated with SHP. CONCLUSIONS HD and SHP are highly prevalent in elders living in old-age homes. No associations were established between common risk factors and low serum levels of 25(OH)D levels; however, SHP was independently related with age, 25(OH)D, GFR, and hydrochlorothiazide use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Scalco
- Post-graduation Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul and Serviço de Patologia Clínica do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Rua Ramiro Barcellos 2400, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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Lopez-Alvarenga JC, García-Hidalgo L, Landa-Anell MV, Santos-Gómez R, González-Barranco J, Comuzzie A. Influence of skin color on the diagnostic utility of clinical acanthosis nigricans to predict insulin resistance in obese patients. Arch Med Res 2006; 37:744-8. [PMID: 16824934 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 12/20/2005] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin color may influence the presence of acanthosis nigricans (AN) as predictor of insulin resistance (IR). The objective of this study was to determine how skin color influences the diagnostic utility of AN as a marker of IR. METHODS We designed a cross-sectional study. Subjects were classified according to their skin color (phototypes I-VI of Fitzpatrick), presence, and severity of AN (Burke quantitative scale). Blood samples were taken for measurement of glucose and insulin to calculate the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI). RESULTS Sixty two obese subjects with BMI of 39.6 +/- 8 were included. Males were more prone to AN (9/12, 75% vs. 24/50, 48%, p <0.085) than females. The neck was the most frequent affected body region (53/62, 85.5%), followed by the elbows (15/62, 24.2%), knuckles (6/62, 9.7%), and knees (4/62, 6.5%). No concordance was found among them. AN was more frequent in those with skin phototype IV (18/23, 78.3%, p = 0.001) than those with phototype III (12/23, 52.2%) and phototype II (3/16, 18.8%). The utility of AN on the neck to predict ISI <3.5 (surrogate of insulin resistance) was sensitivity, 66.7 (95% CI 40.9-79.5); specificity, 82.5 (95% CI 56-95); positive predictive value, 91%; negative predictive value, 48% (p <0.001 for all values). CONCLUSIONS People with skin phototype IV have a high frequency of AN on the neck, compared with those with phototypes II and III. Those with AN and skin phototype II showed high specificity and positive predictive values for insulin resistance. Thus, AN is a good marker for IR only in lower phototypes.
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