1
|
Jin YX, Zhang S, Xiao J, Wang ZH, Dong C, You LL, Kuai TT, Zhang Y, Liu SX. Association between serum β 2-microglobulin levels and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in chinese patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:170. [PMID: 37312042 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between serum β2-microglobulin (β2M) levels and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and the incidence of cardiovascular events (CVEs) in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) is inconclusive. Furthermore, no study has been performed in China on the significance of serum β2M levels in MHD patients. Therefore, this study investigated the aforementioned association in MHD patients. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, 521 MHD patients were followed at Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian University of Technology from December 2019 to December 2021. The serum β2M levels were categorized into three tertiles, and the lowest tertile served as the reference group. Survival curves were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models. Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding patients with CVD at baseline. RESULTS During the follow-up period of 21.4 ± 6.3 months, there were 106 all-cause deaths, of which 68 were caused by CVD. When excluding CVD patients at baseline, there were 66 incident CVEs. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in the highest tertile of serum β2M levels was significantly higher than that in the lowest tertile (P < 0.05), but not for the CVEs (P > 0.05). After adjusting for potential confounders, serum β2M levels were positively associated with the risk of all-cause (HR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.21-4.17) and CVD (HR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.19-5.43) mortality, and a linear trend was evident (P < 0.05). Besides, the results of sensitivity analysis were consistent with the main findings. However, we didn't observed the significant association between serum β2M levels and CVEs (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The serum β2M level may be a significant predictor of the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in MHD patients. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Jin
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Blood Purifcation, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Department of Nephrology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian University of Technology, No.826, Xinan Road Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Blood Purifcation, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Department of Nephrology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian University of Technology, No.826, Xinan Road Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Jia Xiao
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Blood Purifcation, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Department of Nephrology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian University of Technology, No.826, Xinan Road Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hong Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Blood Purifcation, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Department of Nephrology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian University of Technology, No.826, Xinan Road Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Cui Dong
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Blood Purifcation, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Department of Nephrology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian University of Technology, No.826, Xinan Road Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Lian-Lian You
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Blood Purifcation, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Department of Nephrology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian University of Technology, No.826, Xinan Road Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Kuai
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Blood Purifcation, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Department of Nephrology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian University of Technology, No.826, Xinan Road Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Blood Purifcation, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Department of Nephrology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian University of Technology, No.826, Xinan Road Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Xin Liu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Blood Purifcation, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
- Department of Nephrology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian University of Technology, No.826, Xinan Road Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, P. R. China.
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang J, Lu X, Zu Y, Li H, Wang S. Prognostic value of beta-2 microglobulin on mortality in chronic kidney disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ther Apher Dial 2021; 26:267-274. [PMID: 34459115 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to delve into whether beta-2 microglobulin could assess all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. PubMed and Embase were systematically searched. Hazard risk and 95% CI were pooled using random-effect models. A total of eight studies were involved according to the inclusion and exclusion criterions. By meta-analysis, each 1 mg/L increase in beta-2 microglobulin displayed positive relationships to the risk of all-cause mortality (hazard risk 1.03, 95% CI = 1.02-1.03) and cardiovascular events (hazard risk 1.04, 95% CI = 1.00-1.08) in patients with dialysis. However, the relationship between elevated level of serum beta-2 microglobulin as a categorical variable and mortality was not significant. The prognostic value of elevated beta-2 microglobulin might be significant in ESRD patients with dialysis and a proper cutoff value to predict mortality should be determined in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhang
- Department of Blood Purification, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangxue Lu
- Department of Blood Purification, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zu
- Department of Blood Purification, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Blood Purification, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shixiang Wang
- Department of Blood Purification, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Siegel RJ, Bridges SL, Ahmed S. HLA-C: An Accomplice in Rheumatic Diseases. ACR Open Rheumatol 2019; 1:571-579. [PMID: 31777841 PMCID: PMC6858028 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen c (HLA-C) is a polymorphic membrane protein encoded by the HLA-C gene in the class I major histocompatibility complex. HLA-C plays an essential role in protection against cancer and viruses but has also been implicated in allograft rejection, preeclampsia, and autoimmune disease. This review summarizes reports and proposed mechanisms for the accessory role of HLA-C in rheumatic diseases. Historically, contributions of HLA-C to rheumatic diseases were eclipsed by the stronger association with HLA-DRB1 alleles containing the "shared epitope" with rheumatoid arthritis. Larger genetic association studies and more powerful analytical approaches have revealed independent associations of HLA-C with rheumatic disease-associated phenotypes, including development of anticitrullinated peptide antibodies. HLA-C functions by presenting antigens to T cells and by binding activatory and inhibitory receptors on natural killer (NK) cells, but the exact mechanisms by which the HLA-C locus contributes to autoimmunity are largely undefined. Studies have suggested that HLA-C and NK cell receptor polymorphisms may predict responsiveness to pharmacotherapy. Understanding the mechanisms of the role of HLA-C in rheumatic disease could uncover therapeutic targets or guide precision pharmacologic treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruby J. Siegel
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesWashington State University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesSpokaneWashington
| | - S. Louis Bridges
- Division of Clinical Immunology and RheumatologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabama
| | - Salahuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesWashington State University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesSpokaneWashington
- Division of RheumatologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Andoh T, Maki T, Li S, Uta D. β2-Microglobulin elicits itch-related responses in mice through the direct activation of primary afferent neurons expressing transient receptor potential vanilloid 1. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 810:134-140. [PMID: 28687195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Uremic pruritus is an unpleasant symptom in patients undergoing hemodialysis, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. β2-Microglobulin (β2-MG) is well-known as an MHC class I molecule and its level is increased in the plasma of patients undergoing hemodialysis. In this study, we investigated whether β2-MG was a pruritogen in mice. Intradermal injections of β2-MG into the rostral back induced scratching in a dose-dependent manner. Intradermal injection of β2-MG into the cheek also elicited scratching, but not wiping. β2-MG-induced scratching was inhibited by the μ-opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone hydrochloride. β2-MG-induced scratching was not inhibited by antagonists of itch-related receptors (e.g., H1 histamine receptor (terfenadine), TP thromboxane receptor (DCHCH), BLT1 leukotriene B4 receptor (CMHVA), and proteinase-activated receptor 2 (FSLLRY-NH2)). However, β2-MG-induced scratching was attenuated in mice desensitized by repeated application of capsaicin and also by a selective transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist (BCTC). In addition, β2-MG induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (a marker of activated neurons) in primary culture of dorsal root ganglion neurons that expressed TRPV1. These results suggest that β2-MG is a pruritogen and elicits itch-related responses, at least in part, through TRPV1-expressing primary sensory neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsugunobu Andoh
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Takahito Maki
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Sikai Li
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Daisuke Uta
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu H, Lee L, Wang W. Associations among Serum Beta 2 Microglobulin, Malnutrition, Inflammation, and Advanced Cardiovascular Event in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 31:e22056. [PMID: 27645611 PMCID: PMC6817072 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines the associations among serum β2 microglobulin (B2M), malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis (MIA) in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS CKD patients who were followed in Taoyuan General Hospital from 2009 to 2015 were enrolled. Demographic and biochemical data, including B2M and C-reactive protein (CRP) were reviewed. The participants were stratified according to B2M tertiles. Adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) and cumulative survival curves for death and MIA syndrome were evaluated by Cox hazard model and Kaplan-Meier method. We also calculated the area under the curve for the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). RESULTS From a total of 312 CKD patients, mean follow-up time was 39.7 months. Compared to those with lowest tertile of B2M, the highest tertile group had lower serum albumin, hemoglobin, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. After multivariate adjustment, the associations among tertiles of B2M, death or dialysis, cardiovascular events (CVEs), and MIA syndrome remained significant. The AHRs for the highest tertile group in death or dialysis, CVEs, and MIA syndrome were 25.91 and 65.84 and 152.50(all Ps <0.05).The AUROC for B2M in death or dialysis, CVEs, and MIA syndrome were greater than that for creatinine. The best cut-off value of B2M for predicting death or dialysis, CVEs, and MIA syndrome were 5.39 mg/dL(sensitivity: 67.1%, specificity 62.5%), 4.21 mg/dL(sensitivity: 85.1%, specificity 52.1%), and 5.40 mg/dL(sensitivity: 79.7%, specificity 64.1%). CONCLUSIONS In those with CKD, serum B2M was more sensitive than creatinine in predicting CVEs and MIA syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung‐Chieh Wu
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineTaoyuan General HospitalMinistry of Health and WelfareTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Lin‐Chien Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationCheng Hsin General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wei‐Jie Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringChung Yuan Christian UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Monteiro MB, Thieme K, Santos-Bezerra DP, Queiroz MS, Woronik V, Passarelli M, Machado UF, Giannella-Neto D, Oliveira-Souza M, Corrêa-Giannella ML. Beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) expression in the urinary sediment correlates with clinical markers of kidney disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. Metabolism 2016; 65:816-24. [PMID: 27173460 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE After observing variation in the expression of the housekeeping gene B2M in cells of the urinary sediment during a study of candidate genes potentially involved in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), we hypothesized that B2M mRNA expression in the urinary sediment could reflect the presence of DKD. METHODS qPCR was used to quantify B2M mRNA expression in cells of the urinary sediment of 51 type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients (61% women, 33.5 [27.0-39.7] years old, with diabetes duration of 21.0 [15.0-28.0] years and HbA1c of 8.2% [7.3-8.9]; median [interquartile interval]) sorted according to the diabetic nephropathy (DN) stages; 8 focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) patients and 10 healthy controls. B2M mRNA expression was also evaluated in human embryonic kidney epithelium-like (HEK-293) cells exposed to 25mM glucose and to albumin in order to mimic, respectively, a diabetic and a proteinuric milieu. RESULTS No differences were found in B2M mRNA expression among healthy controls, FSGS and T1D patients. Nonetheless B2M mRNA expression was higher in the group composed by T1D patients with incipient or overt DN combined with FSGS patients versus T1D patients without DN combined with healthy controls (P=0.0007). B2M mRNA expression was higher in T1D patients with incipient or overt DN versus without DN (P=0.03). B2M mRNA expression positively correlated with albuminuria in the overall T1D population (r=0.43; P=0.01) and negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate in male T1D patients (r=- 0.57; P=0.01). Increased B2M expression was observed in HEK-293 cells exposed to 25mM glucose and to albumin. CONCLUSIONS Β2M mRNA expression in cells of the urinary sediment is higher in T1D patients with DKD and in patients with FSGS in comparison to healthy subjects, maybe reflecting a tubulointerstitial injury promoted by albumin. Given the proinflammatory nature of B2M, we suggest that this protein contributes to diabetic (and possibly, to non-diabetic) tubulopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatriz Monteiro
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology (LIM-25), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455 #4305, 01246-903, São Paulo.
| | - Karina Thieme
- Endocrine Division, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 155, 05403-000, São Paulo.
| | - Daniele Pereira Santos-Bezerra
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology (LIM-25), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455 #4305, 01246-903, São Paulo.
| | - Márcia Silva Queiroz
- Lipids Laboratory (LIM-10), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455 #3305, 01246-903, São Paulo.
| | - Viktoria Woronik
- Laboratory of Renal Pathophysiology (LIM-16), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455 #3345, 01246-903, São Paulo.
| | - Marisa Passarelli
- Lipids Laboratory (LIM-10), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455 #3305, 01246-903, São Paulo.
| | - Ubiratan Fabres Machado
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524 #126, 05508-000, São Paulo.
| | - Daniel Giannella-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho - UNINOVE, R. Vergueiro, 235/249, 01504-001, São Paulo.
| | - Maria Oliveira-Souza
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524 #227, 05508-000, São Paulo.
| | - Maria Lúcia Corrêa-Giannella
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology (LIM-25), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455 #4305, 01246-903, São Paulo; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology (LIM-25), Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL), University of São Paulo Medical School, R. Pangaré, 05360-120, São Paulo.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Neirynck N, Glorieux G, Boelaert J, Schepers E, Liabeuf S, Dhondt A, Massy Z, Vanholder R. Uremia-related oxidative stress in leukocytes is not triggered by β2-microglobulin. J Ren Nutr 2013; 23:456-63. [PMID: 24016624 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by low-grade inflammation and increased risk for cardiovascular disease. The interest in β2-microglobulin (B2M) as a marker for cardiovascular outcome with and without CKD has grown. Clinical studies suggested that B2M could be involved in the pathogenesis of vascular disease, for which chronic leukocyte activation is a pathogenic factor. We investigated whether B2M is proinflammatory by inducing oxidative burst in leukocytes. METHODS Oxidative burst was measured at baseline and after stimulation with N-formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine (fMLP), Escherichia coli, or phorbol-12-myristate-acetate (PMA) in the whole blood of healthy volunteers in the absence (saline) and presence of human B2M (hB2M; 10 and 50 mg/L) versus uremic whole blood. Because of suspicion of contamination, hB2M was dialyzed for purification and purified B2M (dB2M) and dialysates were tested in the burst test. As a comparator, reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was measured. RESULTS Unpurified hB2M strongly enhanced ROS in monocytes and granulocytes after E. coli and PMA and moderately after fMLP stimulation compared with control (P < .01) and uremia (P < .01) whereas at baseline hB2M only induced ROS in granulocytes (P < .05). After purification, dB2M no longer increased burst activity, suggesting that contamination was responsible for the initial effect. An endotoxin concentration of less than 1.5 EU/mL, as observed in hB2M, could not induce oxidative stress. CONCLUSION This study suggests that B2M, a traditional marker for middle molecule retention and a novel marker for cardiovascular outcome, may not by itself cause vascular damage by influencing inflammatory response due to induction of leukocyte free radical production. However, an effect on other cell types involved cannot be excluded. Our data further reveal that this type of research might be skewed by non-LPS contaminants, and that care should be taken to exclude this bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Neirynck
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serum β-2 microglobulin (B2M) level predicts mortality in chronic kidney disease. Glycation of B2M is cytotoxic and may contribute to the risk of mortality in diabetic patients. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between B2M and mortality in diabetic patients. METHODS In this prospective study, 896 participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with diabetes were included in the analysis. Serum B2M level was used in multivariate Cox regression analysis to predict all-cause and diabetes-related mortality. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 11.8 years (range 0.1-18.2 years) and 9220.5 person/years, 541 (42.4%) and 207 (16.8%) participants died from all causes and diabetes-related causes respectively. One natural-log unit of B2M was significantly associated with all-cause (hazard ratio (HR)=6.53, 95% CI 2.07-20.6) and diabetes mortality (HR=7.35, 95% CI 1.01-53.38) after multivariable adjustment. Similar results were obtained when B2M was analyzed as tertiles or in the threshold model (T1+T2 vs. T3). Examination of regression splines suggests a linear increase in hazard for mortality with increasing B2M levels. CONCLUSIONS Serum B2M level is a novel predictor of all-cause and diabetes-related mortality in people with diabetes regardless of renal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Lung Cheung
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Smedlund K, Tano JY, Vazquez G. The Constitutive Function of Native TRPC3 Channels Modulates Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression in Coronary Endothelial Cells Through Nuclear Factor κB Signaling. Circ Res 2010; 106:1479-88. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.213314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale
:
Upregulation of endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and the subsequent increase in monocyte recruitment constitute critical events in atherogenesis. We have recently shown that in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) regulated expression of VCAM-1 depends, to a significant extent, on expression and function of the Ca
2+
-permeable channel transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC)3, regardless of the ability of the stimulatory signal to induce regulated Ca
2+
influx, leading to the hypothesis that TRPC3 constitutive, rather than regulated function, contributes to the underlying signaling mechanism.
Objective
:
The present studies addressed this important question and gathered mechanistic insight on the signaling coupling constitutive TRPC3 function to VCAM-1 expression.
Methods and Results
:
In HCAECs, maneuvers that prevent Ca
2+
influx or knockdown of TRPC3 markedly reduced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α-induced VCAM-1 and monocyte adhesion. TNFα also induced TRPC3 expression and TRPC3-mediated constitutive cation influx and currents. Stable (HEK293 cells) or transient (HCAECs) overexpression of TRPC3 enhanced TNFα-induced VCAM-1 compared to wild-type cells. IκBα phosphorylation/degradation was reduced by TRPC3 knockdown and increased by channel overexpression. Inhibition of calmodulin completely prevented nuclear factor κB activation, whereas blocking calmodulin-dependent kinases or NADPH oxidases rendered partial inhibition.
Conclusions
:
Our findings indicate that in HCAECs expression of VCAM-1 and monocyte adhesion depend, to a significant extent, on TRPC3 constitutive function through a signaling mechanism that requires constitutive TRPC3-mediated Ca
2+
influx for proper activation of nuclear factor κB, presumably through Ca
2+
-dependent activation of the calmodulin/calmodulin-dependent kinase axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Smedlund
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (K.S., J.-Y.T., G.V.) and Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (G.V.), University of Toledo College of Medicine, Ohio
| | - Jean-Yves Tano
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (K.S., J.-Y.T., G.V.) and Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (G.V.), University of Toledo College of Medicine, Ohio
| | - Guillermo Vazquez
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (K.S., J.-Y.T., G.V.) and Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (G.V.), University of Toledo College of Medicine, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Smedlund K, Vazquez G. Involvement of native TRPC3 proteins in ATP-dependent expression of VCAM-1 and monocyte adherence in coronary artery endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:2049-55. [PMID: 18787184 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.175356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Background- Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is critical in monocyte recruitment to the endothelium, a key event in development of atherosclerotic lesions. Stimulation of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) with ATP positively modulates VCAM-1 expression and function through a mechanism involving Ca(2+) signaling. We here examined the role of Ca(2+) influx and native TRPC3 channels in that mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS Omission of extracellular Ca(2+) or pretreatment of cells with channel blockers markedly reduced ATP-induced VCAM-1 and monocyte adhesion. Using a siRNA strategy and real-time fluorescence, we found that native TRPC3 proteins contribute to constitutive and ATP-regulated Ca(2+) influx. ATP-dependent upregulation of VCAM-1 was accompanied by an increase in basal cation entry and TRPC3 expression. Notably, TRPC3 knock-down resulted in a dramatic reduction of ATP-induced VCAM-1 and monocyte adhesion. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that in HCAECs, native TRPC3 proteins form channels that contribute to constitutive and ATP-dependent Ca(2+) influx, and that TRPC3 expression and function are fundamental to support VCAM-1 expression and monocyte binding. This is the first evidence to date relating native TRPC3 proteins with regulated expression of cell adhesion molecules in coronary endothelium, and suggests a potential pathophysiological role of TRPC3 in coronary artery disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Smedlund
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Health Science Campus, Ohio 43614, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen NX, O'Neill KD, Chen X, Duan D, Wang E, Sturek MS, Edwards JM, Moe SM. Fetuin-A uptake in bovine vascular smooth muscle cells is calcium dependent and mediated by annexins. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 292:F599-606. [PMID: 16968889 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00303.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetuin-A is a known inhibitor of vascular calcification in vitro. In arteries with calcification, there is increased immunostaining for fetuin-A. However, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) do not synthesize fetuin-A, suggesting fetuin-A may be endocytosed to exert its inhibitory effects. To examine the mechanism by which fetuin-A is taken up in bovine VSMC (BVSMC), we examined living cells by confocal microscopy and determined the uptake of Cy5-labeled fetuin-A. The results demonstrated that fetuin-A was taken up in BVSMC only in the presence of extracellular calcium, whereas phosphorus had no effect. Additional studies demonstrated the calcium-dependent uptake was specific for fetuin-A and only observed in BVSMC and osteoblasts, but not epithelial, endothelial, or adipose cells. The uptake was dose dependent, but could not be inhibited by excess unlabeled fetuin-A, suggesting a fluid phase rather than a receptor-mediated process. Fetuin-A also induced a sustained increase in intracellular calcium in BVSMC in the presence of extracellular calcium, whereas there was no increase in the absence of extracellular calcium. To further characterize the uptake, we utilized an inhibitor of annexin calcium channel activity, demonstrating inhibition of both fetuin-A uptake and intracellular calcium increase. Finally, we demonstrate that fetuin-A binds to annexin II at the cell membrane of BVSMC. In summary, our study demonstrates calcium- and annexin-dependent uptake of fetuin-A that leads to a sustained rise in intracellular calcium. This regulated uptake may be a mechanism by which fetuin-A inhibits VSMC calcification in the presence of excess calcium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neal X Chen
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nielsen HM, Londos E, Minthon L, Janciauskiene SM. Soluble adhesion molecules and angiotensin-converting enzyme in dementia. Neurobiol Dis 2007; 26:27-35. [PMID: 17270454 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2006.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Revised: 10/22/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and the soluble forms of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (sPECAM-1) as surrogate markers for endothelial cell activation in clinically diagnosed patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD, n=260), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB, n=39) and non-demented controls (n=34). Plasma sICAM-1 and sPECAM-1 were higher and CSF sVCAM-1 were lower in AD and DLB patients than in controls (p<0.001). DLB patients had higher CSF sICAM-1, but lower CSF sVCAM-1 (p<0.001). No difference in ACE levels was found between the dementia groups and controls. In controls and AD patients CSF sICAM and sVCAM-1 strongly correlated with each other and with blood barrier permeability whereas in DLB group these correlations were weaker. The observed patterns in adhesion molecules may reflect distinctions in the pathophysiological basis of their generation in dementia patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrietta M Nielsen
- Chronic Inflammatory and Degenerative Disease Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Beta-2 microglobulin is the most widely studied low-molecular-weight protein in end-stage renal disease. It is known to cause dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA), by virtue of its retention when renal function fails, its deposition in tissues, its aggregation into fibrils, and its ability to become glycosylated. The onset of DRA may be protracted by the use of noncellulosic membranes, especially when high-volume hemodiafiltration is used in the treatment of renal failure. Adsorptive methods have been developed to improve the removal of beta-2 microglobulin. There seems to be a relative risk reduction in mortality when patients are treated with dialysis membranes that have a higher clearance of beta-2 microglobulin.
Collapse
|
14
|
Cocklin RR, Zhang Y, O'Neill KD, Chen NX, Moe SM, Bidasee KR, Wang M. Identity and localization of advanced glycation end products on human beta2-microglobulin using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2003; 314:322-5. [PMID: 12654321 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2697(02)00690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross R Cocklin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
To explain the strong association between HLA-B27 and ankylosing spondylitis, we suggest that the release of beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m) from a subpopulation of cell surface-expressed HLA-B27 molecules leads to beta(2)m-deposition within synovia and to the initiation of an inflammatory process, which culminates in destructive spondyloarthropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Uchanska-Ziegler
- Institut für Immungenetik, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Spandauer Damm 130, 14050 Berlin, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Musculoskeletal problems remain among the main limitations of the quality of life of renal failure patients, in particular of those treated with long-term maintenance dialysis. Renal osteodystrophy continues to receive great attention. The mechanisms of uremic skeletal resistance to parathormone (PTH) are further investigated. The assay used for the dosage of "intact PTH" has been found to detect 7-84 fragments with an inhibitory effect on the action of the whole hormone. A decrease in the density of PTH receptor on osteoblasts is another recently evidenced factor. Investigations of the recently described RANK-RANKL system have demonstrated an increase in serum osteprotegerin levels, which, together with the two above-mentioned abnormalities, may explain bone resistance to PTH. These are important advances in the understanding of renal osteodystrophy as skeletal resistance to PTH appears to play an important part in the pathophysiology of secondary hyperparathyroidism and of adynamic bone disease. Because of this skeletal resistance, it has been recommended for several years that serum PTH level be monitored and kept twofold to threefold above the upper value of the normal level to maintain normal bone turnover in dialysis patients. Relative hypoparathyroidism has recently been found to be associated with increased spontaneous fracture rate and mortality, so this recommendation appears to hold adequate, despite the demonstration that serum PTH levels in this range are a poor predictor of bone turnover and that chronic parathyroid gland hyperplasia is likely to favor parathyroid gland autonomization. Recent publications have insisted on the role that hyperphosphatemia plays not only in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism, but also of vascular, especially coronary, calcification and as a predictor of mortality. This "silent killer" of uremic patients is one of the main targets for therapeutic intervention. Extensive use of calcium-containing phosphate binders has been recently criticized as calcium overload appears to favor vascular calcification. Sevelaner (RenaGel) is a calcium- and aluminum-free phosphate binder that is an important advance in the management of renal osteodystrophy, especially in patients with extraskeletal calcification and hypercalcemia. The use of vitamin D derivatives has also raised concern because they enhance calcium and phosphorus absorption and reduce bone turnover. New metabolites with fewer hypercalcemic effects have been developed. Calcium-sensing receptor agonists are stimulating interest and are likely to take an important place in the future management of renal osteodystrophy. Uremic myopathy has received recent attention. Impaired muscle capillary oxygen transfer has been identified as a pathophysiologic factor, and progressive resistance training has been shown to improve the condition. Finally, a new entity, nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy, has been described, which must be distinguished from calciphylaxis and scleromyxedema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bardin
- Fédération de Rhumatologie Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Soulsby MD, Wojcikiewicz RJH. 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate inhibits inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor function, ubiquitination and downregulation, but acts with variable characteristics in different cell types. Cell Calcium 2002; 32:175-81. [PMID: 12379177 DOI: 10.1016/s0143416002001525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) is a putative, membrane-permeable inhibitor of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP(3)) receptors, but it is the case that little is known about its action at the InsP(3) receptor level. Thus, we examined the effects of 2-APB on InsP(3) receptor-mediated effects in a range of cell types expressing different complements of InsP(3) receptor types. In experiments with permeabilized cells we found that 2-APB could inhibit InsP(3)-induced release of stored Ca(2+), but also that it released Ca(2+), and that the prevalence of these two effects varied between different cell types and did not correlate with the expression of a particular receptor type. These effects of 2-APB reflected an interaction distal to the ligand binding site of InsP(3) receptors, since InsP(3) binding was unaffected by 2-APB. In intact cells, we found only inhibitory effects of 2-APB on Ca(2+) mobilization, and that variation between cell types in the characteristics of this inhibition appeared to be due to differential entry of 2-APB. 2-APB also inhibited InsP(3) receptor ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, which again was cell type dependent. In total, these data reveal a remarkable degree of variation between cell types in the effects of 2-APB, showing that its usefulness as a specific and universal inhibitor of InsP(3) receptors is limited. However, the ability of 2-APB to inhibit InsP(3) receptor ubiquitination and degradation indicates that 2-APB may block InsP(3)-induced conformational changes in the receptor, resulting in perturbation of multiple regulatory events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Soulsby
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210-2339, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|