1
|
Lin J, Wang H, Liu C, Cheng A, Deng Q, Zhu H, Chen J. Dendritic Cells: Versatile Players in Renal Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654540. [PMID: 34093544 PMCID: PMC8170486 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) induce and regulate adaptive immunity through migrating and maturing in the kidney. In this procedure, they can adopt different phenotypes—rejection-associated DCs promote acute or chronic injury renal grafts while tolerogenic DCs suppress the overwhelmed inflammation preventing damage to renal functionality. All the subsets interact with effector T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) stimulated by the ischemia–reperfusion procedure, although the classification corresponding to different effects remains controversial. Thus, in this review, we discuss the origin, maturation, and pathological effects of DCs in the kidney. Then we summarize the roles of divergent DCs in renal transplantation: taking both positive and negative stages in ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI), switching phenotypes to induce acute or chronic rejection, and orchestrating surface markers for allograft tolerance via alterations in metabolism. In conclusion, we prospect that multidimensional transcriptomic analysis will revolute researches on renal transplantation by addressing the elusive mononuclear phagocyte classification and providing a holistic view of DC ontogeny and subpopulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Lin
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Disease, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,The Third Grade Laboratory under the National State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ao Cheng
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingwei Deng
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Disease, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,The Third Grade Laboratory under the National State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumano K, Nishinakamura H, Mera T, Itoh T, Takahashi H, Fujiwara T, Kodama S. Pretreatment of donor islets with papain improves allograft survival without systemic immunosuppression in mice. Islets 2016; 8:145-55. [PMID: 27618231 PMCID: PMC5029203 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2016.1223579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although current immunosuppression protocols improve the efficacy of clinical allogenic islet transplantation, T cell-mediated allorejection remains unresolved, and major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) play a crucial role in this process. Papain, a cysteine protease, has the unique ability to cleave the extracellular domain of the MHC class I structure. We hypothesized that pretreatment of donor islets with papain would diminish the expression of MHC class I on islets, reducing allograft immunogenicity and contributing to prolongation of islet allograft survival. BALB/c islets pretreated with papain were transplanted into C57BL/6J mice as an acute allorejection model. Treatment with 1 mg/mL papain significantly prolonged islet allograft survival. In vitro, to determine the inhibitory effect on T cell-mediated alloreactions, we performed lymphocyte proliferation assays and mixed lymphocyte reactions. Host T cell activation against allogenic islet cells was remarkably suppressed by pretreatment of donor islet cells with 10 mg/mL papain. Flow cytometric analysis was also performed to investigate the effect of papain treatment on the expression of MHC class I on islets. One or 10 mg/mL papain treatment reduced MHC class I expression on the islet cell surface. Pretreatment of donor islets with papain suppresses MHC class I-mediated allograft rejection in mice and contributes to prolongation of islet allograft survival without administration of systemic immunosuppressants. These results suggest that pretreatment of human donor islets with papain may reduce the immunogenicity of the donor islets and minimize the dosage of systemic immunosuppressants required in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Kumano
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nishinakamura
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Mera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Itoh
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shohta Kodama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- CONTACT Shohta Kodama , 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhuang Q, Lakkis FG. Dendritic cells and innate immunity in kidney transplantation. Kidney Int 2015; 87:712-8. [PMID: 25629552 PMCID: PMC4382394 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes emerging concepts related to the roles of dendritic cells and innate immunity in organ transplant rejection. First, it highlights the primary role that recipient, rather than donor, dendritic cells have in rejection and reviews their origin and function in the transplanted kidney. Second, it introduces the novel concept that recognition of allogeneic non-self by host monocytes (referred to here as innate allorecognition) is necessary for initiating rejection by inducing monocyte differentiation into mature, antigen-presenting dendritic cells. Both concepts provide opportunities for preventing rejection by targeting monocytes or dendritic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhuang
- 1] Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and the Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA [2] Department of Transplantation, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fadi G Lakkis
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and the Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bodonyi-Kovacs G, Strom TB, Putheti P. A20—A Biomarker of Allograft Outcome: A Showcase in Kidney Transplantation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 809:103-16. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0398-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
5
|
Zarjou A, Guo L, Sanders PW, Mannon RB, Agarwal A, George JF. A reproducible mouse model of chronic allograft nephropathy with vasculopathy. Kidney Int 2012; 82:1231-5. [PMID: 22874842 PMCID: PMC3495090 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
While short-term outcomes in kidney transplantation have improved dramatically, long-term survival remains a major challenge. A key component of long-term, chronic allograft injury in solid organ transplants is arteriosclerosis characterized by vascular neointimal hyperplasia and inflammation. Establishing a model of this disorder would provide a unique tool, not only to identify mechanisms of disease, but also test potential therapeutics for late graft injury. To this end, we utilized a mouse orthotopic renal transplant model in which C57BL/6J (H-2b) recipients were given either a kidney allograft from a completely mismatched Balb/cJ mouse (H-2d), or an isograft from a littermate. A unilateral nephrectomy was performed at the time of transplant followed by a contralateral nephrectomy on post-transplant day seven. Recipients were treated with daily cyclosporine subcutaneously for 14 days and then studied 8 and 12 weeks post transplantation. Renal function was significantly worse in allograft compared to isograft recipients. Moreover, the allografts had significantly more advanced tubulointerstitial fibrosis and profound vascular disease characterized by perivascular leukocytic infiltration and neointimal hyperplasia affecting the intrarenal blood vessels. Thus, we describe a feasible and reproducible murine model of intrarenal transplant arteriosclerosis useful to study allograft vasculopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Zarjou
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kwun J, Bulut P, Kim E, Dar W, Oh B, Ruhil R, Iwakoshi N, Knechtle SJ. The role of B cells in solid organ transplantation. Semin Immunol 2011; 24:96-108. [PMID: 22137187 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of antibodies in chronic injury to organ transplants has been suggested for many years, but recently emphasized by new data. We have observed that when immunosuppressive potency decreases either by intentional weaning of maintenance agents or due to homeostatic repopulation after immune cell depletion, the threshold of B cell activation may be lowered. In human transplant recipients the result may be donor-specific antibody, C4d+ injury, and chronic rejection. This scenario has precise parallels in a rhesus monkey renal allograft model in which T cells are depleted with CD3 immunotoxin, or in a CD52-T cell transgenic mouse model using alemtuzumab to deplete T cells. Such animal models may be useful for the testing of therapeutic strategies to prevent DSA. We agree with others who suggest that weaning of immunosuppression may place transplant recipients at risk of chronic antibody-mediated rejection, and that strategies to prevent this scenario are needed if we are to improve long-term graft and patient outcomes in transplantation. We believe that animal models will play a crucial role in defining the pathophysiology of antibody-mediated rejection and in developing effective therapies to prevent graft injury. Two such animal models are described herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Kwun
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Renal tubular epithelial cells as immunoregulatory cells in renal allograft rejection. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2009; 23:129-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
9
|
Wang S, Jiang J, Guan Q, Wang H, Nguan CYC, Jevnikar AM, Du C. Reduction of chronic allograft nephropathy by inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 signaling. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 295:F672-9. [PMID: 18614619 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90285.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN), the most common cause of late kidney allograft failure, is not effectively prevented by immunosuppressive regimens. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) via MEK mediates actions of various growth factors, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, which plays a key role in CAN. Hence, we tested the therapeutic potential of MEK-ERK1/2 signaling disruption to prevent CAN. Kidneys from C57BL/6J (H-2(b)) mice were transplanted to bilaterally nephrectomized BALB/c (H-2(d)) mice. At 14 days after transplantation, the recipients were subjected to 28 days of treatment with the MEK inhibitor CI-1040. All six CI-1040-treated allografts survived, while two of seven grafts in the vehicle-treated group were lost. At the end of the experiment, the function and structure of grafts in the CI-1040-treated group were significantly preserved, as indicated by lower levels of serum creatinine or blood urea nitrogen than in the vehicle-treated group [30 +/- 6 vs. 94 +/- 39 microM creatinine (P = 0.0015) and 22 +/- 8 vs. 56 +/- 25 mM BUN (P = 0.0054)] and reduced CAN in the CI-1040-treated group compared with vehicle controls (CAN score = 4.2 vs. 10.3, P = 0.0119). The beneficial effects induced by CI-1040 were associated with reduction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and TGFbeta1 levels in grafts. Also, CI-1040 potently suppressed not only TGFbeta biosynthesis in kidney cell cultures but also antiallograft immune responses in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggest that interference of MEK-ERK1/2 signaling with a pharmacological agent (e.g., CI-1040) has therapeutic potential to prevent CAN in kidney transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Jack Bell Research Centre, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Rituximab, chimeric anti-human CD-20, is approved for treatment of B-cell lymphoma in adults. It is being used experimentally in other various immune-related disease such as immune thrombocytopenic purpura, myasthenia gravis, and rheumatoid arthritis. In transplant recipients it is used for treatment of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, and prevention and treatment of acute rejection. There are few data on its use in children. This paper reviews the use of rituximab in these disease states and provides hypotheses for its mode of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Pescovitz
- Department of Surgery, UH 4258, Indiana University Medical Center, 550 N University Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The development of reliable in vitro assays that could allow the quantitation and characterization of anti-donor alloimmune responses has always been a goal in clinical transplantation, both to predict presensitization to the transplanted tissue and to be able to identify rejection without resorting to more invasive tests. With recent development in our understanding of transplantation biology and therapeutics, there is a real expectation that these tests may be used to identify tolerance as much as to predict rejection. The traditional limiting dilution assays still have a contribution to make and are being complemented by an array of tools, such as ELISpot, flow cytometry-based techniques, and microarray analysis. The assays that have been informative, to date, are discussed in this review. This information will lead, at least, to a better understanding of how and when the rejection process occurs. More interestingly, the objective is to apply this information to evaluate tolerance-inducing strategies or to identify patients that have become tolerant to their graft and can be weaned of immunosuppression. Of course sensitive, accurate and specific immunologic monitoring has applications well beyond the field of transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Hernandez-Fuentes
- Department of Immunology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Franceschini N, Cheng O, Zhang X, Ruiz P, Mannon RB. Inhibition of prolyl-4-hydroxylase ameliorates chronic rejection of mouse kidney allografts. Am J Transplant 2003; 3:396-402. [PMID: 12694061 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-6143.2003.00081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are the major components of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN), the leading cause of late graft failure after transplantation. To investigate the mechanism of collagen deposition in CAN, we studied the effects of prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor (PHI), an enzyme essential for collagen formation, using a mouse model of kidney transplantation. Kidneys from H-2b mice were transplanted into MHC-incompatible H-2d recipients (allografts) and at 3 weeks post-transplant, received either PHI or vehicle treatment daily for 3 weeks. At 6 weeks post-transplant, GFR was significantly improved in the allografts receiving PHI (3.3 +/- 0.5 mL/min/kg) compared with those receiving vehicle (1.8 +/- 0.5 mL/min/kg, p < 0.05), while renal function was relatively unimpaired in the nonrejecting isografts (6.45 +/- 0.53 mL/min/kg). Allografts had histologic changes of CAN but the severity was significantly reduced with PHI treatment compared with vehicle, with reductions in interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Furthermore, TGFâ and connective tissue growth factor mRNA expression was enhanced in both allograft groups compared with the isografts. In conclusion, PHI-treated allografts had improved renal function and reduced the severity of renal injury as a result of CAN. Inhibition of matrix synthesis may be a useful adjunct in ameliorating the development of CAN in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Franceschini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Duke and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Watanabe M, Ohshima M, Morohashi M, Maéno M, Izutsu Y. Ontogenic emergence and localization of larval skin antigen molecule recognized by adult T cells of Xenopus laevis: Regulation by thyroid hormone during metamorphosis. Dev Growth Differ 2003; 45:77-84. [PMID: 12630948 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-169x.2003.00676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Results from previous studies using an inbred strain of Xenopus laevis have led to the proposition that metamorphosis includes the events by which the newly differentiating adult immune system, including T lymphocytes, recognizes and eliminates larval skin cells as 'non-self'. More recently, a larval antigen targeted by adult T cells was identified as a 59 kDa protein with a specific peptide sequence. Using antisera directed against the larval antigen and the peptide, immunohistochemistry and western blotting were done to examine expression of the 59 kDa larval antigen in the skin during larval and metamorphic periods. There was no expression before Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 53. Expression was first seen at the beginning of metamorphic stage 54, when hind limbs appear, and increased thereafter, in apical and skein cells of both trunk and tail regions. In the trunk region, expression started to decrease at stage 58, until it completely disappeared at stage 62 (metamorphic climax). In the tail skin, however, expression persisted throughout the metamorphic stages. Treatment of larvae with thyroid hormone (TH) resulted in repression of expression of the 59 kDa molecule in a dose-dependent manner. Downregulation occurred earlier in the trunk than in the tail skin. These results suggest involvement in metamorphic events of an immunological mechanism: differential expression of the larval antigen in the trunk and tail skin cells due to their differing concentration of TH results in the tail, but not the trunk skin, being selectively attacked by the newly differentiating adult-type immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikihito Watanabe
- Graduate School of Science and Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|