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Grenn EE, Ma BM, Anderson CD, Mark Earl T, Shannon Orr W. Pancreatic Lymphatic Malformation : An Unusual Cause of Abdominal Pain. Am Surg 2020; 88:148. [PMID: 32723173 DOI: 10.1177/0003134820940254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Grenn
- 21693 Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Brenda M Ma
- 21693 Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Christopher D Anderson
- 21693 Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - T Mark Earl
- 21693 Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - W Shannon Orr
- 21693 Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, USA
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Badia P, Ricci K, Gurria JP, Dasgupta R, Patel M, Hammill A. Topical sirolimus for the treatment of cutaneous manifestations of vascular anomalies: A case series. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28088. [PMID: 31930696 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular anomalies (VA), characterized by the abnormal development or growth of blood and/or lymphatic vessels, encompasses a spectrum of conditions with a range of symptoms and complications. VA are frequently associated with cutaneous complications that can cause significant morbidity. Systemic sirolimus has previously been shown to be effective in the treatment of complicated VA. There are limited studies to date on the use of topical sirolimus for the treatment of cutaneous manifestations of VA. METHODS Retrospective review of medical records of pediatric patients with VA treated with topical sirolimus at a single quaternary pediatric institution. Response was determined by clinical subjective and objective measures of improvement. RESULTS Twenty-three patients with cutaneous VA manifestations were treated with topical sirolimus. Median age was 14 (range 4-27 years). The main indication for treatment was complication of lymphatic blebbing (82%, n = 19) including lymphatic fluid leakage, bleeding, pain, pruritus, swelling, or recurrent infection. Treatment course ranged from 109 to 1424 days with median of 622 days. No major side effects were reported. Eighty-six percent of patients (n = 20) had subjective or objective improvement of cutaneous lesions. Lymphatic blebbing complications improved in 90% (n = 17) of individuals. Eighty-two percent (n = 14) of patients not receiving concurrent systemic sirolimus demonstrated improvement with topical therapy. One patient electively stopped treatment due to pruritus and burning sensation. CONCLUSION Topical sirolimus appears to be a beneficial therapy for lymphatic blebbing associated with lymphatic malformations or mixed malformations with a lymphatic component, although benefit in other VA remains unclear. Topical sirolimus was well-tolerated with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Badia
- Division of Hematology, Hemangioma and Vascular Malformation Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kiersten Ricci
- Division of Hematology, Hemangioma and Vascular Malformation Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Juan P Gurria
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Roshni Dasgupta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Manish Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Interventional Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Adrienne Hammill
- Division of Hematology, Hemangioma and Vascular Malformation Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome as a cause of lower digestive bleeding. Case Rep Surg 2014; 2014:683684. [PMID: 24653853 PMCID: PMC3932640 DOI: 10.1155/2014/683684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome is a rare disorder that is characterized by multiple recurrent vascular malformations that involve the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. The disease can present chronic anemia and severe episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding. Case Report. A 41-year-old man was admitted with recurrent episodes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia that had worsened over the last 3 months. The physical examination showed soft, diffuse, compressible, bluish nodules on all of the skin surfaces of the body. A biopsy from one of these skin lesions allowed a histological diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma. He submitted to a colonoscopy, which showed hemorrhoids and a plane vascular lesion mainly located on the right colon with recent signs of bleeding; this lesion was treated by local excision and sclerosis. The pathological study of the colon specimens also reflected the presence of cavernous hemangioma. The cutaneous hemangiomas and the presence of colonic venous malformations were compatible with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome. The patient presented a favorable follow-up with clinical control of the anemia and without relapse of the gastrointestinal bleeding two years after the procedure. Conclusion. Although rarely diagnosed, blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome may be responsible for lower digestive bleeding.
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Cantasdemir M, Gulsen F, Solak S, Gulsen GY, Kantarci F, Numan F. The use of Onyx for embolization of peripheral vascular malformations in pediatric patients. Pediatr Surg Int 2012; 28:477-87. [PMID: 22270731 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-012-3052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The management of congenital peripheral vascular malformations (VMs) can present a difficult therapeutic challenge. Endovascular transcatheter embolization of peripheral VMs is widely accepted as a first therapeutic option for many VMs. However, data describing the use of Onyx are limited in children with peripheral VMs. Our aim is to retrospectively evaluate the results of transcatheter arterial embolization with Onyx for peripheral VMs in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed clinical and imaging records of 16 patients who underwent 25 embolization procedures by using Onyx for peripheral VMs. In eight cases, embolization procedures were performed once; in seven cases, twice; and in one case, thrice. RESULTS Embolization was technically complete in 4 patients and incomplete in 12 patients. Clinically, complete success was achieved in nine patients, and partial success was achieved in six patients. In one patient, reflux to the anterior and posterior tibial arteries caused peripheral ischemia, and the patient was referred to undergo plastic surgery. There were no complications in the other 15 patients. CONCLUSION With future studies to better characterize the safety profile of this agent in peripheral vasculature, embolization with Onyx may become a valuable treatment option for peripheral VMs in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Cantasdemir
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Perkins JA, Manning SC, Tempero RM, Cunningham MJ, Edmonds JL, Hoffer FA, Egbert MA. Lymphatic malformations: Current cellular and clinical investigations. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010; 142:789-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2010.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Summarize current knowledge of lymphatic malformation development, biology, and clinical outcome measures. Methods: Panel presentation of lymphatic malformation biology and measurement of head and neck malformation treatment outcomes. Results: Characterization of lymphatic malformation endothelial and stromal cells may lead to biologically based treatment. Traditionally, lymphatic malformation treatment outcomes have been measured according to reduction of malformation size. Currently, methods to measure functional outcomes following lymphatic malformation treatment are lacking. This is particularly apparent when the malformation directly involves the upper aerodigestive tract. Conclusions: The etiology and pathogenesis of head and neck lymphatic malformations are poorly understood, but understanding is improving through ongoing investigation. Reduction of lymphatic malformation size is generally possible, but further work is necessary to optimize methods for measuring therapeutic outcomes in problematic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Perkins
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Scott C. Manning
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Michael J. Cunningham
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, and Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph L. Edmonds
- Children's ENT of Houston, Houston, TX
- Department of Otolaryngology and Division of Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Otolaryngology, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas School of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Fredric A. Hoffer
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Mark A. Egbert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle WA
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Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: a report of one case associated with recurrent epistaxis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200704020-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Sundine
- Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery Institute, University of California-Irvine, Orange, California 92868-3298, USA
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Bittles MA, Sidhu MK, Sze RW, Finn LS, Ghioni V, Perkins JA. Multidetector CT angiography of pediatric vascular malformations and hemangiomas: utility of 3-D reformatting in differential diagnosis. Pediatr Radiol 2005; 35:1100-6. [PMID: 16041580 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-005-1553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Revised: 06/23/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular malformations can be difficult to diagnose and classify. Accurate classification is important because treatments and prognosis vary based on the type of lesion. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical features with a variety of imaging techniques, including US, MRI/MRA, CT, and conventional angiography. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that imaging features seen on 3-D reformatted images obtained with multidetector CT angiography (CTA) would aid in differential diagnosis of types of vascular anomalies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed CT scans of 11 patients with vascular lesions and pathologically proven diagnoses in which 3-D reformatting was obtained. RESULTS The 3-D images accurately diagnosed hemangiomas and lymphangiomas in all cases, in contrast to diagnosis by clinical criteria and planar CT, which was difficult or inaccurate. The 3-D CTA did not aid in the distinction between venous malformations and arteriovenous malformations (AVM), which appeared similar. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary observations suggest that volume-rendered reformatting is helpful in categorizing clinically significant vascular head and neck lesions, resulting in more diagnostic value than planar CT imaging alone. In particular, 3-D CTA might allow accurate differentiation of hemangiomas from AVM, and of lymphangiomas from other types of lesions, which was, in our series, not possible using clinical examination or conventional planar CT angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Bittles
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific, P.O. Box 357115, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Apak H, Celkan T, Ozkan A, Yildiz I, Aydemir EH, Ozdil S, Kuruoglu S. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome associated with consumption coagulopathy: treatment with interferon. Dermatology 2004; 208:345-8. [PMID: 15178920 DOI: 10.1159/000077846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2002] [Accepted: 01/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare vascular malformation syndrome with cutaneous and visceral lesions frequently associated with serious, even fatal bleeding. No systemic therapy is currently available. We report here a case with disseminated skin and gastrointestinal venous malformations and findings of disseminated intravascular coagulation that was treated with interferon beta. The disseminated intravascular coagulation manifestations were cleared with the treatment. The regression of the coagulopathy in our patient led us to think that the use of interferon beta in BRBNS might be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Apak
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Laor T. MR imaging of soft tissue tumors and tumor-like lesions. Pediatr Radiol 2004; 34:24-37. [PMID: 14673551 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-003-1086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2003] [Revised: 07/17/2003] [Accepted: 09/16/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of a soft tissue mass in a child should proceed with a differential diagnosis in mind, based on the clinical history, age of the child, and location of the abnormality. Small, superficial masses can be initially evaluated with sonography. More extensive or deep lesions usually require cross-sectional imaging. With the exception of myositis ossificans, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has largely replaced the use of computed tomography. MR imaging is used to delineate the extent of a lesion, to evaluate response to therapy, and to monitor postoperative complications. There is great overlap in the MR imaging characteristics of benign and malignant lesions, making tissue sampling imperative for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Laor
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Bruns F, Steitz W, Schueller P, Schaefer U, Willich N, Micke O. Lymphangiolipoma of the lower extremity: 5-year radiological follow-up after radiotherapy treatment. Br J Radiol 2002; 75:767-71. [PMID: 12200247 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.75.897.750767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes a lymphangiolipoma located in the extremity in a young woman. Radiotherapy effectively controlled recurrent lymphangiolipoma of the left upper leg that had been judged inoperable by limb-sparing surgical resection. In the case presented here, a dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks was employed without long-term complications after 5-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bruns
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Strasse 33, D-48129 Muenster, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (KMS) is a consumptive coagulopathy associated with the presence of a large vascular lesion. It is often a frustrating condition to treat and it carries a high mortality rate. There are currently no known treatment guidelines. Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is associated with kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) and tufted angioma (TA); these lesions, when associated with KMS, are locally invasive, aggressive vascular tumors. Treatment options include supportive care, local therapies, and drug and surgical management. In most recent case reports, a multimodal approach to therapy is taken. OBJECTIVE AND CONCLUSION The objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of KMS and give an up-to-date summary of treatment options. The clinical presentation, laboratory findings, vascular pathology, and pathophysiology will also be discussed.
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Abstract
Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by distinctive cutaneous and gastrointestinal venous malformations that usually cause massive or occult gastrointestinal hemorrhage and iron deficiency anemia secondary to the bleeding episodes. It is even a rare cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage during childhood. We describe a 6-year-old boy who had multiple venous malformations all over his body. He also suffered from several episodes of melena, chronic anemia, and growth retardation. The endoscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract revealed multiple bluish-black sessile and polypoid venous malformations in various sizes. It was possible to remove the largest venous malformations causing massive bleeding during colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ertem
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Division Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Tophanelioglu Cd. 13-15, 81190 Altunizade-Istanbul, Turkey.
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