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Flynn O, Fullen BM, Blake C. Migraine in university students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Pain 2023; 27:14-43. [PMID: 36288401 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine is a complex, neurobiological disorder usually presenting as a unilateral, moderate to severe headache accompanied by sensory disturbances. Migraine prevalence has risen globally, affecting 14% of individuals and 16% of students and carries many negative impacts in both cohorts. With no recent meta-analysis of global migraine prevalence or associated factors in students, this systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. DATABASES AND DATA TREATMENT The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020167927). Electronic databases (n = 12) were searched for cross-sectional studies (1988 to August 2021, IHS criteria). Ninety-two articles were meta-analysed and 103 were narratively reviewed. The risk of bias was assessed using an established tool. RESULTS The risk of bias ranged from low to moderate. Migraine pooled prevalence (R-Studio) was demonstrated at 19% (95% CI, 16%-22%, p < 0.001, I^2 98%): females 23% (95% CI, 19%-27%, p < 0.001), males 12% (95% CI, 9%-15%, p < 0.001). Gender (p < 0.0001), geographical region (p = 0.01), migraine types (p = 0.0002) and prevalence timeframes (p = 0.02) may be influencing the substantial heterogeneity. Migraine triggers were primarily behavioural and environmental and treatments were predominantly pharmaceutical. Impacts ranged from academic performance impairment to psychological co-morbidities. CONCLUSIONS This study offers the most comprehensive overview of migraine prevalence and associated factors in university students. Migraine prevalence in university students has increased and has many negative effects. Enhancing migraine recognition and management at university may have positive implications for an improved educational experience, as well as for the burden migraine currently incurs, both in university and beyond. SIGNIFICANCE This global systematic review and meta-analysis of 92 studies and narrative review of 103 studies provide the most comprehensive synthesis to date of migraine prevalence and associated factors in university students. Pooled prevalence has increased to 19%. The significant heterogeneity demonstrated is influenced by gender, geographical region, migraine type and prevalence timeframes. Students manage migraines primarily with pharmaceuticals. Further studies conducted in low and middle-income countries, following headache protocols and reporting frequency of treatment-seeking and medication usage are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla Flynn
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Centre for Translational Pain Research, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brona M Fullen
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Centre for Translational Pain Research, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Blake
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Centre for Translational Pain Research, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With this review, we aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on migraine and explored the possibility of exercise as a treatment option for migraine. RECENT FINDINGS A close association of physical activity and exercise with migraine has been reported in clinical and population-based studies. Recent randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of aerobic exercise as a migraine-preventive treatment have revealed a notable improvement in migraine symptoms. Data on the effect of anaerobic exercise and exercise for flexibility, coordination, and relaxation on migraine are currently insufficient to make any recommendations. Possible pathways for the attenuation of migraine by exercise include the endogenous opioid and cannabinoid systems, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, inflammation, and behavioral/psychological factors. Regarding efficacy, side effects, and health benefits, aerobic exercise is a potentially beneficial strategy in the preventive treatment of migraine. Further studies are needed to delineate an evidence-based exercise program for migraine treatment.
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3
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Christopher S, Tadlock BA, Veroneau BJ, Harnish C, Perera NKP, Knab AM, Vallabhajosula S, Bullock GS. Epidemiological profile of pain and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug use in collegiate athletes in the United States. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:561. [PMID: 32814544 PMCID: PMC7437034 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although athletic endeavours are associated with a high amount of physical stress and injury, the prevalence of pain is underreported in the sports medicine literature with only a few studies reporting pain on collegiate athletes or exploring sex difference of pain. Impact of pain on athlete availability, training and performance can be mitigated when key epidemiological information is used to inform adequate pain management strategies. This study aims to 1) provide an epidemiological profile of self-reported pain experienced by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes by sex during the first half of the 2019 season, 2) describe their self-reported non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. METHODS Online survey was completed by athletes at three NCAA institutions from 1 August to 30 September 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to describe player demographic data, self-reported pain and self-reported NSAID use. Pain incidence proportion were calculated. RESULTS Two hundred thirty female athletes and 83 male athletes completed the survey. Self-reported pain incidence proportion for female athletes was 45.0 (95% CI 41.5-48.5) vs 34.9 (95% CI 29.4-40.4) for male athletes. Majority of the athletes did not report pain (55% female vs 62% male) during the first half of the 2019 season. Female athletes reported pain in their back (35%), knee (26%), and ankle/foot (23%) whilst male athletes reported pain in their knee (35%), back (28%), and shoulder (24%). Of all athletes, 28% female vs 20% male athletes reported currently taking NSAIDs. Of athletes that reported pain, 46% female vs 38% male athletes currently took NSAIDs. 70% female vs 61% male athletes self-purchased NSAIDs, and 40% female vs 55% male athletes consumed alcohol. CONCLUSIONS Half of female athletes and one in three male athletes reported pain. Most commonly back, knee and foot/ankle pain and knee, back and shoulder pain was reported in female and male athletes respectively. One in four female athletes and one in five male athletes use NSAIDs for pain or prophylactic purpose. Majority self-purchase these medications indicating need for health literacy interventions to mitigate potential adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Christopher
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, Elon University, Elon, NC, USA
| | - B A Tadlock
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, Elon University, Elon, NC, USA
| | - B J Veroneau
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, Elon University, Elon, NC, USA
| | - C Harnish
- Department of Exercise Science, Mary Baldwin College, Staunton, VA, USA
| | - N K P Perera
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, B4495, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.,Unit of Physiotherapy, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences (HMV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, Latrobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A M Knab
- Kinesiology Department, Queens University of Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - S Vallabhajosula
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, Elon University, Elon, NC, USA
| | - G S Bullock
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, B4495, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
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4
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Irwin SL, Kacperski J, Rastogi RG. Pediatric Post‐Traumatic Headache and Implications for Return to Sport: A Narrative Review. Headache 2020; 60:1076-1092. [DOI: 10.1111/head.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Irwin
- Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | - Joanne Kacperski
- Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA
- Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Reena G. Rastogi
- Department of Neurology Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital Phoenix AZ USA
- Department of Neurology University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix AZ USA
- Department of Child Health University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix AZ USA
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5
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Terrin A, Mainardi F, Zanchin G, Maggioni F. Sports, physical activity and headache in the classical age: historical descriptions from the first sports textbook, "De arte gymnastica", by Girolamo Mercuriale. Neurol Sci 2018; 40:1507-1517. [PMID: 30483994 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The relationship between physical activity, sports and headache presents a growing interest, testified by numerous papers recently published. The correlation between headache and sporting activities or physical exercise dates back to the classical age. We aim at promoting the development of more studies focused on the relationship between headache and physical activity. METHODS We analysed the book "De arte gymnastica", written by Girolamo Mercuriale (Forlì, Italy, 1530-1606), and considered the first "sports medical textbook". We discuss these classical literature findings in the light of the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. RESULTS The Author's work derives from the systematic revision of Greek, Roman and Arabic literatures about the matter. Despite some references to inveterate headaches or cold-related pains, Mercuriale does not gather specific clinical characterisations of different types of headache. However, interestingly, he reports detailed descriptions of how the same sport, or the same physical activity, could cause or give relief from head pain, depending on the precise way of practising. Mercuriale summarises 18 sports or physical activities that can give relief from headache; conversely, running or heavy activities, such as boxing, appear among the 12 contraindicated sports for people suffering from headache. CONCLUSIONS "De arte gymnastica", by Girolamo Mercuriale, is the first textbook on sports medicine. Headache if often cited along the treatise: different sports and physical activities, or various ways of practising the same action could produce opposite effects for people suffering from headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Terrin
- Headache Centre. Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy. .,Department of Neurosciences, Neurological Clinic, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 5, 35128, Padua, Italy.
| | | | - Giorgio Zanchin
- Headache Centre. Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Maggioni
- Headache Centre. Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Amin FM, Aristeidou S, Baraldi C, Czapinska-Ciepiela EK, Ariadni DD, Di Lenola D, Fenech C, Kampouris K, Karagiorgis G, Braschinsky M, Linde M. The association between migraine and physical exercise. J Headache Pain 2018; 19:83. [PMID: 30203180 PMCID: PMC6134860 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-018-0902-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an unmet need of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options for migraine patients. Exercise can be used in the treatment of several pain conditions, including. However, what exact role exercise plays in migraine prevention is unclear. Here, we review the associations between physical exercise and migraine from an epidemiological, therapeutical and pathophysiological perspective. METHODS The review was based on a primary literature search on the PubMed using the search terms "migraine and exercise". RESULTS Low levels of physical exercise and high frequency of migraine has been reported in several large population-based studies. In experimental studies exercise has been reported as a trigger factor for migraine as well as migraine prophylaxis. Possible mechanisms for how exercise may trigger migraine attacks, include acute release of neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide or alternation of hypocretin or lactate metabolism. Mechanisms for migraine prevention by exercise may include increased beta-endorphin, endocannabinoid and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levers in plasma after exercise. CONCLUSION In conclusion, it seems that although exercise can trigger migraine attacks, regular exercise may have prophylactic effect on migraine frequency. This is most likely due to an altered migraine triggering threshold in persons who exercise regularly. However, the frequency and intensity of exercise that is required is still an open question, which should be addressed in future studies to delineate an evidence-based exercise program to prevent migraine in sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Mohammad Amin
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Valdemar Hansens Vej 5, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Stavroula Aristeidou
- 1st Neurology of Department, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Carlo Baraldi
- Department of Diagnostic, Medical Toxicology, Headache and Drug Abuse Research Center, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Daponte D. Ariadni
- 1st Neurology of Department, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Davide Di Lenola
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy
| | | | - Konstantinos Kampouris
- 1st Neurology of Department, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Giorgos Karagiorgis
- 1st Neurology of Department, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mark Braschinsky
- Neurology Clinic’s Headache Clinic, Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mattias Linde
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headache, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - European Headache Federation School of Advanced Studies (EHF-SAS)
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Valdemar Hansens Vej 5, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- 1st Neurology of Department, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Diagnostic, Medical Toxicology, Headache and Drug Abuse Research Center, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Epilepsy and Migraine Treatment Centre, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy
- Headache Centre, Guys and St Thomas NHS Trust, London, UK
- Neurology Clinic’s Headache Clinic, Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headache, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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7
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Incidence of Primary Exercise Headache in Resistance Trained Athletes. Asian J Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.59489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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8
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Seifert T, Sufrinko A, Cowan R, Scott Black W, Watson D, Edwards B, Livingston S, Webster K, Akers D, Lively M, Kontos AP. Comprehensive Headache Experience in Collegiate Student-Athletes: An Initial Report From the NCAA Headache Task Force. Headache 2017; 57:877-886. [DOI: 10.1111/head.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - W. Scott Black
- Department of Family and Community Medicine; University of Kentucky
| | - Dave Watson
- Department of Neurology; West Virginia University
| | - Bill Edwards
- Department of Athletics; Western Kentucky University
| | | | | | - David Akers
- Department of Statistics; University of Kentucky
| | - Mathew Lively
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics; West Virginia University
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Jahani P, Salesi M, Marzban M, Abdollahifard G. The Prevalence of Headache Among Athletic University Students. Asian J Sports Med 2016; 7:e33515. [PMID: 27231525 PMCID: PMC4879901 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.33515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Headache is certainly one of the most common medical complaints of general population and one of the important causes of consumption of drugs. Despite its high overall prevalence, the epidemiology of exertional headache is not clear enough. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of headache in athletic and non-athletic university students and also estimating its variation between different sports fields including concussion prone sports. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 739 subjects (367 athletes and 372 non-athletes). The present study was carried out on athletic and non-athletic university students aging between 18 to 28 years. An athlete was defined as a person who had at least one year of experience in sports including football, volleyball, basketball, wrestling, boxing, martial arts, track and field, chess, handball and swimming for three sessions a week each lasting at least 2 hours. The random selection of these participants was done by an independent statistical consultant. A questionnaire was used for data collection which was then analyzed by statistical methods. Results: Our study comprised 739 subjects (367 athletes and 372 non-athletes). Among athletic university students, 152 (41.2%) participants complained of headache. Such a complaint was present in 217 (58.3%) non-athletic university students. This lower prevalence of headache in athletes was statistically significant (P value < 0.001). Among ten different sports fields, the prevalence of headache among wrestlers was significantly higher than others (P value < 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of headache is seemingly lower in athletic university students than non-athletic ones. In addition, among athletes, those who are participating in concussion prone sports especially wrestling experience headache more than athletes of other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Jahani
- Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | | | - Maral Marzban
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Gholamreza Abdollahifard
- Department of Community Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Gholamreza Abdollahifard, Department of Community Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-7112354431; +98-9177021196, Fax: +98-7112359847, E-mail:
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Wang X, Zhou HB, Sun JM, Xing YH, Zhu YL, Zhao YS. The prevalence of migraine in university students: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Eur J Neurol 2015; 23:464-75. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Wang
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin HeilongjiangChina
| | - H. B. Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin HeilongjiangChina
| | - J. M. Sun
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin HeilongjiangChina
| | - Y. H. Xing
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin HeilongjiangChina
| | - Y. L. Zhu
- Department of Neurology Second Affiliated Hospital Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Y. S. Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin HeilongjiangChina
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11
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Bramley H, Heverley S, Lewis MM, Kong L, Rivera R, Silvis M. Demographics and treatment of adolescent posttraumatic headache in a regional concussion clinic. Pediatr Neurol 2015; 52:493-8. [PMID: 25728223 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mild traumatic brain injury affects over one million pediatric patients annually. Minimal data and no guidelines exist regarding treatment of posttraumatic headache (PTH). The current study investigated treatment and outcomes in patients with posttraumatic headache. METHODS Medical records of all patients (age 13-18 years of age) seen at a regional concussion program from 2006 to 2011 were reviewed. Statistical analysis using SAS 9.2 was conducted to determine the effectiveness of treatment as well as the association of gender, concussion history, and football participation on the duration of posttraumatic headache. RESULTS Four hundred subjects met the inclusion criteria. Females were more likely to report posttraumatic headache than males (90% vs. 79%, P = 0.004), more likely to be prescribed amitriptyline (24% vs. 13%, P = 0.004), and had a significantly longer recovery time (median, 80 days versus 34 days, P < 0.001). Seventeen percent of subjects were prescribed amitriptyline for treatment of posttraumatic headache, of which 82% reported a beneficial effect. There was no difference in the percentage of posttraumatic headache or recovery time in football players versus other male athletes from other sport mechanisms. CONCLUSION Females are more likely to report posttraumatic headache than males and also take longer to recover. Amitriptyline appears to be well-tolerated and an effective treatment strategy for patients with posttraumatic headache. Among pediatric patients evaluated in a concussion clinic, there is no difference in the proportion of football players reporting headaches compared with male players of other sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Bramley
- Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
| | - Steven Heverley
- Adolescent pediatrician, Tan & Garcia Pediatrics, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Mechelle M Lewis
- Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Lan Kong
- Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Rowena Rivera
- Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Silvis
- Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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12
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Assessment, Management and Knowledge of Sport-Related Concussion: Systematic Review. Sports Med 2014; 44:449-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-013-0134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Lucchetti G, Peres MFP. The Prevalence of Migraine and Probable Migraine in a Brazilian Favela: Results of a Community Survey. Headache 2011; 51:971-9. [PMID: 21631479 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2011.01899.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Headache and soccer: a survey in professional soccer players of the Italian "Serie A". Neurol Sci 2009; 30:33-6. [PMID: 19169623 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-009-0021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence and the clinical features of primary headaches in a sample of players of the Italian Soccer League first division. The design of the study allowed a retrospective and prospective diagnosis of primary headaches according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders-II edition (ICHD-II), using anonymous questionnaires, which had to be filled out at regular times during the playing season. A total of 83 athletes playing in four different clubs were involved; four of them changed football team during the season and so did not complete the study. During the championship three soccer players reported headache (3.6%) with features fulfilling ICHD-II criteria for episodic tension-type headache. Important and prolonged physical effort was reported as aggravating factor in one case, but no attacks occurred during competitive matches. The same athletes had reported a personal history of episodic tension-type headache. In conclusion, the occurrence of primary headaches among professional soccer players of Italian first division championship appear to be strikingly lower, as compared to that found in the general population. A possible explanation could be given by the selection operated by a career which is not compatible with unpredictable, disabling attacks.
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16
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Varkey E, Hagen K, Zwart JA, Linde M. Physical activity and headache: results from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). Cephalalgia 2008; 28:1292-7. [PMID: 18771495 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate, using a prospective and a cross-sectional design, the relationship between level of physical activity and migraine and non-migraine headache. In the prospective part, 22,397 participants, not likely to have headache, answered questions about physical activity at baseline (1984-1986) and responded to a headache questionnaire at follow-up. In the cross-sectional part (1995-1997), 46,648 participants answered questions about headache and physical activity. Physically inactive individuals at baseline were more likely than active individuals to have non-migraine headache 11 years later (odds ratio 1.14, 95% confidence interval 1.02, 1.28). In the cross-sectional analyses, low physical activity was associated with higher prevalence of migraine and non-migraine headache. In both headache groups, there was a strong linear trend (P < 0.001) of higher prevalence of 'low physical activity' with increasing headache frequency. The result may indicate that physical inactivity among headache-free individuals is a risk factor for non-migraine headache and that individuals with headache are less physically active than those without headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Varkey
- Cephalea Headache Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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17
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Aerobic exercise with relaxation: influence on pain and psychological well-being in female migraine patients. Clin J Sport Med 2008; 18:363-5. [PMID: 18614890 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0b013e31817efac9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this pilot study was to address the influence of an aerobic exercise program combined with relaxation on pain and psychological variables in migraine patients. DESIGN Controlled, randomised design with half of the group receiving an intervention (aerobic exercise group) in addition to standard medical care received by all patients. SETTING/PATIENTS/OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: Thirty female migraine outpatients completed a range of psychological questionnaires measuring sensational and affective dimensions of pain, body image, depression, and quality of life. INTERVENTION The aerobic exercise group (n = 15) participated in a 6-week, twice-weekly, indoor exercise program (45 minutes of gymnastics with music and 15 minutes of progressive muscle relaxation). RESULTS/CONCLUSION The program led to a significant reduction of self-rated migraine pain intensity. Although there was an improvement in depression-related symptoms within the aerobic exercise group, no significant differences in psychological variables between groups were found.
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Abstract
Sport and exercise-induced migraines are difficult to distinguish from benign exertional headaches and other headache syndromes. Exertion can be the sole cause, or may be among multiple triggers for an individual's headache. Because approximately 10% of these headaches have an organic origin, a careful history and physical examination is necessary. The hallmark of treatment for exercise-induced migraines tends to be proper warm-up before exercise, minimization of environmental risks, proper sleep hygiene, and good nutrition and hydration; however, in many cases, the pharmacologic solutions that are applied to other types of headaches may also be necessary. Because there is a lack of large trial studies on the athletic headache population, more research on the topic is needed in the future to help clarify the mechanisms, classification, and treatments of these headaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Nadelson
- Atlas Orthopaedics, Westview Hospital, Indiana University Center for Sports Medicine, Zionsville, IN 46077, USA.
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Abstract
Acupuncture has a beneficial effect when treating many diseases and painful conditions, and therefore is thought to be useful as a complementary therapy or to replace generally accepted pharmacological intervention. The attributive effect of acupuncture has been investigated in inflammatory diseases, including asthma, rhinitis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, epicondylitis, complex regional pain syndrome type 1 and vasculitis. Large randomised trials demonstrating the immediate and sustained effect of acupuncture are missing. Mechanisms underlying the ascribed immunosuppressive actions of acupuncture are reviewed in this communication. The acupuncture-controlled release of neuropeptides from nerve endings and subsequent vasodilative and anti-inflammatory effects through calcitonine gene-related peptide is hypothesised. The complex interactions with substance P, the analgesic contribution of beta-endorphin and the balance between cell-specific pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freek J Zijlstra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Centre location, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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