Is cardiac evaluation for a possible right-to-left shunt indicated in a scuba diver with migraine with aura?

Scuba diving is not associated with high prevalence of headache: a cross-sectional study in men

OBJECTIVE

To study the prevalence of cephalalgia in male divers.

BACKGROUND

Scuba divers work in stressing environments and have a high cerebrovascular risk, both conditions which are supposed to contribute to the genesis of cephalalgia. However, no study assessed expressly the prevalence of cephalalgia in divers, to date.

METHODS

We enrolled 201 professional male scuba divers (41.0 ± 7.2 years) and controls (41.1 ± 7.2 years), and the risk ratio and its corresponding 95% confidence of suffering from cephalalgia was calculated.

RESULTS

We found that 16% of divers and 22% of matched controls were affected by cephalalgia (P > .05), accounting for a risk ratio of 0.71 (95% CI 0.47-1.07). Divers reported fewer attacks per month (1.8 ± 0.7, n = 32) with regard to controls (2.5 ± 1.8, n = 45) (P = .02), but no differences concerning age at onset and severity were detected (P > .05). Divers suffered from migraine, migraine with aura and tension headache as much as controls.

CONCLUSION

Scuba diving, an intense physical activity characterized by cerebral micro-vascular distress, is not associated with cephalalgia, as a whole, or migraine, tension headache or migraine with aura, more commonly than in a matched, non-diving, population. A longitudinal study may disclose if diving may act as a protective factor in the occurrence of crises of cephalalgia.

Defeitos de septo atrial como fator de risco para migrânea: um estudo de caso controle

Para determinar a magnitude da associação entre defeitos de septo atrial (DSA) e migrânea avaliamos 101 indivíduos submetidos ao ecocardiograma transesofágico (ETE). Eles foram questionados sobre a presença de cefaléia. Migrânea foi diagnosticada segundo os critérios da Sociedade Internacional para Estudo das Cefaléias segunda edição. Pareamos 1:1 em portadores de DSA (casos) e indivíduos com septo atrial normal (controles). Calculamos frequência de migrânea e de aura e a ocorrência de mais de três crises no último mês. Analisamos as diferenças pelo teste do qui-quadrado. Pareamos 34 casos e controles. Média etária 38,7(±11,2) e 38,9(±11,17) sendo 82,4% mulheres. Migrânea ocorreu em 79,4% dos casos e 55,9% dos controles (or= 4,3 ic 95% = 1,048 - 8,89) (p= 0,038). Aura ocorreu em 65,1%(casos) e 40%(controles). Em 76,7% casos e 60% dos controles ocorreram mais de três crises no último mês. DSA se constituiu fator de risco para migrânea com aura na amostra estudada. DSA parece aumentar a freqüência de crises de migrânea.