1
|
Althagafi HA. Neuroprotective role of chlorogenic acid against hippocampal neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis following acute seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole. Metab Brain Dis 2024:10.1007/s11011-024-01400-0. [PMID: 39133453 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the neuroprotective effect of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced acute epileptic seizures in mice. Epileptic animals received CGA (200 mg/kg) or sodium valproate (standard antiepileptic agent, 200 mg/kg) for four weeks. Results revealed that pre-administration of CGA significantly reversed the behavioral changes following pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) injection. Further, CGA pre-treatment caused significant increases in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, along with marked increases in dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin levels. Additionally, the increased antioxidant enzymes activities, along with higher glutathione (GSH) contents and upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene expression, were indicative of a notable improvement in the cellular antioxidant defense in mice treated with CGA. These results were associated with lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels. Moreover, epileptic mice that received CGA showed significant declines in the content of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), besides downregulating inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Remarkably, CGA counteracted hippocampal apoptosis by lessening the levels of pro-apoptotic biomarkers [Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-3] and increasing the anti-apoptogenic marker level of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). The hippocampal histopathological findings corroborated the abovementioned changes. In sum, these findings suggest that CGA could mediate the neuroprotective effect against PTZ-induced epilepsy via modulation of neurotransmitters, oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis. CGA, therefore, could be considered a valuable antiepileptic therapeutic supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussam A Althagafi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Czapińska-Ciepiela EK, Łuszczki J, Czapiński P, Czuczwar SJ, Lasoń W. Presynaptic antiseizure medications - basic mechanisms and clues for their rational combinations. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:623-643. [PMID: 38776036 PMCID: PMC11294404 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Among clinically highly efficient antiseizure medications (ASMs) there are modifiers of the presynaptic release machinery. Of them, levetiracetam and brivaracetam show a high affinity to the synaptic vesicle protein type 2 A (SV2A), whereas pregabalin and gabapentin are selective ligands for the α2δ1 subunits of the voltage-gated calcium channels. In this paper, we present recent progress in understanding the significance of presynaptic release machinery in the neurochemical mechanisms of epilepsy and ASMs. Furthermore, we discuss whether the knowledge of the basic mechanisms of the presynaptically acting ASMs might help establish a rational polytherapy for drug-resistant epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jarogniew Łuszczki
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Czapiński
- Epilepsy and Migraine Treatment Center, 31-209, Kraków, Poland
| | - Stanisław J Czuczwar
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Władysław Lasoń
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Asbat A, Saleem F, Najm S, Iqbal J, Syed MA, Azeem M, Asbat SJ, Shoukat S. In-vivo anti-epileptic study of newly synthesized pregabalin derivatives based on docking studies. Neurol Res 2023; 45:1136-1143. [PMID: 37751764 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2257440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of the present study is to examine pretreatment with Schiff bases and derivatives of pregabalin along with their metal (Zn and Cu) complexes on the severity of epilepsy, latency time, duration of convulsions, seizure score and survival rate in mice. METHODS To achieve the goal, a molecular docking study of analogues was carried out on a specific molecular target, such as the alpha-2δ receptor (PDB ID: 6ND9); which revealed the significant binding affinity of the analogs to their respective target. Based on the docking information, all pregabalin derivatives were synthesized and in-vivo antiepileptic effect was confirmed by applying the PTZ model that prioritized the most crucial significant points responsible for biological activity. RESULTS The test compounds markedly increased the latency of the first seizure and reduced the frequency of seizures throughout the body and frequent spinning and jumps. Additionally, treatment with pregabalin derivatives in mice that received PTZ significantly reduced the duration of seizures and seizure score. However, it increased the survival rate of the mice. DISCUSSION Since the newly synthesized compounds were more active as compared to the parent drug in some respects; therefore, the expansion of the project can be planned to explore clinical side of the drugs in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Asbat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Saleem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Najm
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lahore College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Azeem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Javeria Asbat
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Shoukat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meng Q, Ren X, Wang R, Han Y, Li X, Zhang Q, Li Z, Wang Y, Huang L, Yu H. Design, synthesis, anticonvulsant activity and structure-activity relationships of novel 7-Azaindole derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106430. [PMID: 36812828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
In search of new-structure compounds with good anticonvulsant activity and low neurotoxicity, a series of 3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-7-azaindole derivatives was designed and synthesized. Their anticonvulsant activities were evaluated by maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) test, and neurotoxicity was determined by the rotary rod method. In the PTZ-induced epilepsy model, compounds 4i, 4p and 5 k showed significant anticonvulsant activities with ED50 values at 30.55 mg/kg, 19.72 mg/kg and 25.46 mg/kg, respectively. However, these compounds did not show any anticonvulsant activity in the MES model. More importantly, these compounds have lower neurotoxicity with protective index (PI = TD50/ED50) values at 8.58, 10.29 and 7.41, respectively. In order to obtain a clearer structure-activity relationship, more compounds were designed rationally based on 4i, 4p and 5 k and their anticonvulsant activities were evaluated on PTZ models. The results demonstrated that the N-atom at the 7-position of the 7-azaindole and the double-bond in the 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine skeleton was essential for antiepileptic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Meng
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Xue Ren
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Xiufen Li
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Zhenpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Yuexing Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Longjiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 XiannongtanStreet, Xicheng district, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Haibo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 XiannongtanStreet, Xicheng district, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Barker-Haliski M, Pitsch J, Galanopoulou AS, Köhling R. A companion to the preclinical common data elements for phenotyping seizures and epilepsy in rodent models. A report of the TASK3-WG1C: Phenotyping working group of the ILAE/AES joint translational task force. Epilepsia Open 2022. [PMID: 36461665 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by spontaneous seizures and behavioral comorbidities. The underlying mechanisms of seizures and epilepsy across various syndromes lead to diverse clinical presentation and features. Similarly, animal models of epilepsy arise from numerous dissimilar inciting events. Preclinical seizure and epilepsy models can be evoked through many different protocols, leaving the phenotypic reporting subject to diverse interpretations. Serendipity can also play an outsized role in uncovering novel drivers of seizures or epilepsy, with some investigators even stumbling into epilepsy research because of a new genetic cross or unintentional drug effect. The heightened emphasis on rigor and reproducibility in preclinical research, including that which is conducted for epilepsy, underscores the need for standardized phenotyping strategies. To address this goal as part of the TASK3-WG1C Working Group of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE)/American Epilepsy Society (AES) Joint Translational Task Force, we developed a case report form (CRF) to describe the common data elements (CDEs) necessary for the phenotyping of seizure-like behaviors in rodents. This companion manuscript describes the use of the proposed CDEs and CRF for the visual, behavioral phenotyping of seizure-like behaviors. These phenotyping CDEs and accompanying CRF can be used in parallel with video-electroencephalography (EEG) studies or as a first visual screen to determine whether a model manifests seizure-like behaviors before utilizing more specialized diagnostic tests, like video-EEG. Systematic logging of seizure-like behaviors may help identify models that could benefit from more specialized diagnostic tests to determine whether these are epileptic seizures, such as video-EEG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Barker-Haliski
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Julika Pitsch
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aristea S Galanopoulou
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Isabelle Rapin Division of Child Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Dominick P Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Isabelle Rapin Division of Child Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institut für Physiologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Manavi MA, Mohammad Jafari R, Shafaroodi H, Ejtemaei-Mehr S, Sharifzadeh M, Dehpour AR. Anticonvulsant effects of ivermectin on pentylenetetrazole- and maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice: the role of GABAergic system and KATP channels. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11375. [PMID: 36387449 PMCID: PMC9647207 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ivermectin (IVM) is an antiparasitic medicine that exerts its function through glutamate-gated chloride channels and GABAA receptors predominantly. There is paucity of information on anti-seizure activity of IVM. Moreover, the probable pharmacological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been identified. Materials and methods In this study, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced clonic seizures and maximal electroshock (MES)-induced tonic-clonic seizure models, respectively in mice was utilized to inquire whether IVM could alter clonic seizure threshold (CST) and seizure susceptibility. To assess the underlying mechanism behind the anti-seizure activity of IVM, we used positive and negative allosteric modulators of GABAA (diazepam and flumazenil, respectively) as well as KATP channel opener and closer (cromakalim and glibenclamide, respectively). Data are provided as mean ± S.E.M. After the performance of the variance homogeneity test, a one-way and two-way analysis of variance was used. Fisher's exact test was performed in case of MES. P-value less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results and Discussion: Our data showed that IVM (0.5, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) increased CST. Furthermore, flumazenil 0.25 mg/kg, i.p. and glibenclamide 1 mg/kg, i.p., could inhibit the anticonvulsant effects of IVM. Supplementary, an ineffective dose of diazepam 0.02 mg/kg, i.p. or cromakalim 10 μg/kg, i.p. were able to enhance the anticonvulsant effects of IVM. Besides, we figure out that the IVM (1 and 5 mg/kg, i.p.) could delay the onset of first clonic seizure and also might decrease the frequency of clonic seizures induced by PTZ (85 mg/kg, i.p.). Finally, IVM could prevent the incidence and death in MES-induced tonic-clonic seizures. Conclusion Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that IVM may exert anticonvulsant effects against PTZ- and MES-induced seizures in mice that might be mediated by GABAA receptors and KATP channels. Ivermectin exerts anticonvulsant effects on PTZ-induced clonic seizures. Ivermectin prevents MES-induced tonic-clonic seizures in mice. Ivermectin has the most anticonvulsant effects in doses of 1 and 5 mg/kg in mice. These anticonvulsant effects may be mediated through the GABAergic system. ATP-sensitive potassium channels could play a role in these anti-seizure effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Manavi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Mohammad Jafari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Shafaroodi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Ejtemaei-Mehr
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Luo W, Liu W, Huang Y, Deng X. Anticonvulsant and Proconvulsant Effects of Trazodone in Different Seizure Models. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.1474.1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
8
|
Synthesis, molecular modelling study of the methaqualone analogues as anti-convulsant agent with improved cognition activity and minimized neurotoxicity. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
9
|
|
10
|
Wu J, Hou Z, Wang Y, Chen L, Lian C, Meng Q, Zhang C, Li X, Huang L, Yu H. Discovery of 7-alkyloxy- [1,2,4] triazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidine derivatives as selective positive modulators of GABA A1 and GABA A4 receptors with potent antiepileptic activity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105565. [PMID: 34929519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of 7-alkoxy - [1,2,4] triazolo [1, 5-a] pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized. Maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) tests were utilized to access their anticonvulsant activity. Most of the series of compounds exhibited significant anti-seizure effects. Further studies demonstrated that the anticonvulsant activity of these compounds mainly depended on their allosteric potentiation of GABAA receptors. Among them, compound 10c was picked for the mechanism study due to its potent activity. The compound is more sensitive to subunit configurations of synaptic α1β2γ2 and extrasynaptic α4β3δ GABAA receptors, but there were no effects on NMDA receptors and Nav1.2 sodium channels. Meanwhile, 10c acted on the sites of GABAA receptors distinct from commonly used anticonvulsants benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Furthermore, studies from native neurons demonstrated that compound 10c also potentiated the activity of native GABAA receptors and reduced action potential firings in cultured cortical neurons. Such structural compounds may lay a foundation for further designing novel antiepileptic molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng district, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhipeng Hou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Liping Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chengxi Lian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Qingfei Meng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chaoying Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiufen Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Longjiang Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng district, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Haibo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng district, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Singh T, Mishra A, Goel RK. PTZ kindling model for epileptogenesis, refractory epilepsy, and associated comorbidities: relevance and reliability. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1573-1590. [PMID: 34427842 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00823-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure is one of the gold standard mouse models for rapid evaluation of novel anticonvulsants. Synchronically, PTZ induced kindling in mice is also a simple and well accepted model of chronic epilepsy. PTZ kindling has been explored for studying epileptogenesis, epilepsy-associated comorbidities, and refractory epilepsy. This review summarizes the potential of PTZ kindling in mice and its modifications for its face, construct, and predictive validity to screen antiepileptogenic drugs, combined or add on novel and safe therapies for treatment of epilepsy-associated depression and cognitive impairment as well as effective interventions for pharmacoresistant epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Guwahati , Changsari, Kamrup , 781101 , Assam , India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yuskaitis CJ, Rossitto L, Groff KJ, Dhamne SC, Zhang B, Lalani LK, Singh AK, Rotenberg A, Sahin M. Factors influencing the acute pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure paradigm and a literature review. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:1388-1397. [PMID: 34102033 PMCID: PMC8283168 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To confirm the critical factors affecting seizure susceptibility in acute pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) mouse epilepsy models and evaluate the prior literature for these factors. METHODS Serial cohorts of wild-type mice administered intraperitoneal (IP)-PTZ were aggregated and analyzed by multivariate logistic regression for the effect of sex, age, background strain, dose, and physiologic stress (i.e., EEG implantation and/or single-housing) on seizure response. We assessed the reporting of these factors in a comprehensive literature review over the last 10 years (2010-2020). RESULTS We conducted aggregated analysis of pooled data of 307 mice (220 C57BL/6J mice and 87 mixed background mice; 202 males, 105 females) with median age of 10 weeks (range: 6-49 weeks) with acute PTZ injection (dose range 40-65 mg/kg). Significance in multivariate analysis was found between seizures and increased PTZ dose (odds ratio (OR) 1.149, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.102-1.205), older age (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.041-1.170), physiologic stress (OR 17.36, 95% CI 7.349-44.48), and mixed background strain (OR 0.4725, 95% CI 0.2315-0.9345). Literature review identified 97 papers using acute PTZ-seizure models. Age, housing, sex, and background were omitted by 61% (59/97), 51% (49/97), 18% (17/97), and 8% (8/97) papers, respectively. Only 17% of publications specified all four factors (16/97). INTERPRETATION Our analysis and literature review demonstrate a critical gap in standardization of acute PTZ-induced seizure paradigm in mice. We recommend that future studies specify and control for age, background strain, sex, and housing conditions of experimental animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Yuskaitis
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology CenterBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts02115USA
- Department of NeurologyBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts02115USA
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology and Epilepsy Genetics ProgramBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts02115USA
| | - Leigh‐Ana Rossitto
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology CenterBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts02115USA
| | - Karenna J. Groff
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology CenterBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts02115USA
| | - Sameer C. Dhamne
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology CenterBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts02115USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of NeurologyBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts02115USA
- Biostatistics and Research Design CenterInstitutional Centers for Clinical and Translational ResearchBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts02115USA
| | - Lahin K. Lalani
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology CenterBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts02115USA
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience CenterBoston Children’s HospitalBostonMassachusetts02115USA
| | - Achint K. Singh
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology CenterBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts02115USA
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience CenterBoston Children’s HospitalBostonMassachusetts02115USA
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology CenterBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts02115USA
- Department of NeurologyBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts02115USA
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology and Epilepsy Genetics ProgramBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts02115USA
- Neuromodulation ProgramDepartment of NeurologyBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts02115USA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology CenterBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts02115USA
- Department of NeurologyBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts02115USA
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience CenterBoston Children’s HospitalBostonMassachusetts02115USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sagmeister P, Kaldre D, Sedelmeier J, Moessner C, Püntener K, Kummli D, Williams JD, Kappe CO. Intensified Continuous Flow Synthesis and Workup of 1,5-Disubstituted Tetrazoles Enhanced by Real-Time Process Analytics. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sagmeister
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dainis Kaldre
- Department of Process Chemistry & Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Sedelmeier
- Department of Process Chemistry & Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Moessner
- Department of Process Chemistry & Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Püntener
- Department of Process Chemistry & Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Kummli
- Department of Process Chemistry & Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jason D. Williams
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schiff Bases of Isatin and Adamantane-1-Carbohydrazide: Synthesis, Characterization and Anticonvulsant Activity. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6659156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is the most common neurological condition and cause of substantial morbidity and mortality. In the present study, the molecular hybridization tool was adopted to obtain six Schiff bases of isatin and adamantane-1-carbohydrazide (18–23). Then, their anticonvulsant activity was evaluated using pentylenetetrazole- (PTZ-) induced seizure model using phenobarbitone as a positive control. Our findings showed that compounds 18–23 provided significant protection against PTZ-induced seizure, and maximum activities were associated with compound 23. Moreover, all investigated compounds increased the latency of induced convulsion and reduced the duration of epilepsy with compound 23 being the best. Interestingly, most of the synthesized molecules showed reduction in neurological symptoms and severity of the seizure. Molecular docking studies suggest GABA-A receptor as a potential target, and in silico ADME screening revealed that the pharmaceutical properties of compound 23 are within the specified limit. Thus, compound 23 was identified as a promising candidate that warrants further drug discovery processes.
Collapse
|
15
|
Jangam S, Deodhar M, Wankhede S. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Amino Acid Based Mutual Amide Prodrugs of Phenytoin as Anticonvulsant Agents. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2020; 21:53-72. [PMID: 33167845 DOI: 10.2174/1871524920666201109152344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenytoin (5,5-diphenyl hydantoin) has poor water solubility, which results in incomplete oral availability. Other problems associated with the oral and intramuscular administration of phenytoin are gastric irritation and inflammation at the site of injection. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to synthesize mutual amide prodrugs of phenytoin by using amino acids like glycine, L-tryptophan, L-lysine and taurine. METHODS These prodrugs were synthesized and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Mass Spectra. Physical and spectral characterization was performed by determination of solubility, maximum wavelength, partition coefficient (log P), ionization constant (pKa), specific (α) and molar rotation (μ), refractive index (n), specific refraction (RS) and molar refraction (RM). RESULTS The results obtained from solubility and log P values determination indicated that phenytoin prodrugs can be administered by oral as well as a parenteral route by minimizing the limitations associated with phenytoin. Anticonvulsant activity of prodrugs (4a-4d) was evaluated by using maximal electroshock (MES) and strychnine induced seizure test on albino mice of either sex weighing 25-30 g in which 4b and 4d were found to have significant anticonvulsant activity for MES and strychnine induced seizure test. In vitro enzymatic hydrolysis study of 4b and 4d was performed on liver, intestinal mucosa and plasma sample of male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 280-300 g in which phenytoin was eluted at 10.13 to 10.68 minutes at 220 nm. CONCLUSION The results obtained from the present work showed that amino acid-based mutual prodrug strategy can be a promising method to increase the solubility and anticonvulsant activity of phenytoin for the development of anticonvulsant agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sampada Jangam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSPM's Charak College of Pharmacy and Research, Pune-Nagar Road, Wagholi, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Meenakshi Deodhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PDEA's Seth Govind Raghunath Sable College of Pharmacy, Saswad, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sagar Wankhede
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, Salod, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
jain N, Singour PK. Novel 3-Substituted-2, 3-Dihydro-2-Thioxoquinazolin-4-(1H)-one derivative as Anticonvulsants: Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Pharmacological Screening. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666191024090857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
According to the World Health Organization, 50 million people worldwide
are suffering from epilepsy, making it one of the most common neurological diseases globally. 2,3
disubstituted quinazolinone-4-one derivatives endowed with various pharmacological activity, particularly
having anticonvulsant action.
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to synthesize 3-Substituted-2,3-Dihydro-2-thioxoquinazolin-
4-(1H)-one derivative and evaluate for anticonvulsant activity and neurotoxicity in order to find an
efficient, compound with lesser side effects.
Methods:
A novel series of 3-[4-(2-amino-5, 6-dihydro-4(substituted phenyl)-4H-1, 3-oxazin
/thiazin-6yl) phenyl]-2, 3-dihyro-2-thioxoquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives (4a-4p) were synthesized.
The structures of the synthesized compounds were assigned on the basis of spectral data (UV,
IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and MS) and performed anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock
test and Subcutaneous Pentylenetetrazole model. Neurotoxicity was assessed using a rotarod apparatus
test. The molecular docking study was performed to assess their binding affinities towards
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid type A receptor. A quantitative estimate of drug-likeness was also performed,
which calculates the molecular properties and screen the molecules based on drug-likeness
rules.
Results:
Compounds 4b, 4e, 4j and 4m have shown the highest anticonvulsant activity against tonic
seizure with decreased mean duration of tonic hind leg extension of 8.31, 7.35, 8.61 and 8.99 s, respectively
in maximal electroshock model and increased onset time clonic convulsion duration of
94.45, 96.65, 93.51 and 91.86 s in Subcutaneous Pentylenetetrazole model. Molecular docking study
revealed a better binding affinity with Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid type A receptor.
Conclusion:
The compound 4b and 4e emerged out as the pilot molecule with a better anticonvulsant
activity without any neurotoxicity. The obtained results showed that compounds 4b and 4e
could be useful as a template for future design, optimization, and investigation to produce more active
analogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha jain
- Computational & Synthetic Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, Neelbud, Bhopal 462023 (M.P.), India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Singour
- Computational & Synthetic Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutions, Neelbud, Bhopal 462023 (M.P.), India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Romoli M, Mazzocchetti P, D'Alonzo R, Siliquini S, Rinaldi VE, Verrotti A, Calabresi P, Costa C. Valproic Acid and Epilepsy: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidences. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 17:926-946. [PMID: 30592252 PMCID: PMC7052829 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666181227165722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
After more than a century from its discovery, valproic acid (VPA) still represents one of the most efficient antiepi-leptic drugs (AEDs). Pre and post-synaptic effects of VPA depend on a very broad spectrum of actions, including the regu-lation of ionic currents and the facilitation of GABAergic over glutamatergic transmission. As a result, VPA indirectly mod-ulates neurotransmitter release and strengthens the threshold for seizure activity. However, even though participating to the anticonvulsant action, such mechanisms seem to have minor impact on epileptogenesis. Nonetheless, VPA has been reported to exert anti-epileptogenic effects. Epigenetic mechanisms, including histone deacetylases (HDACs), BDNF and GDNF modulation are pivotal to orientate neurons toward a neuroprotective status and promote dendritic spines organization. From such broad spectrum of actions comes constantly enlarging indications for VPA. It represents a drug of choice in child and adult with epilepsy, with either general or focal seizures, and is a consistent and safe IV option in generalized convulsive sta-tus epilepticus. Moreover, since VPA modulates DNA transcription through HDACs, recent evidences point to its use as an anti-nociceptive in migraine prophylaxis, and, even more interestingly, as a positive modulator of chemotherapy in cancer treatment. Furthermore, VPA-induced neuroprotection is under investigation for benefit in stroke and traumatic brain injury. Hence, VPA has still got its place in epilepsy, and yet deserves attention for its use far beyond neurological diseases. In this review, we aim to highlight, with a translational intent, the molecular basis and the clinical indications of VPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Romoli
- Neurology Clinic, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Petra Mazzocchetti
- Neurology Clinic, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Renato D'Alonzo
- Pediatric Clinic, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Victoria Elisa Rinaldi
- Pediatric Clinic, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Verrotti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of L'Aquila - San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Neurology Clinic, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy.,IRCCS "Santa Lucia", Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Costa
- Neurology Clinic, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang L, Ding J, Li M, Hou Z, Geng Y, Li X, Yu H. Discovery of [1,2,4]-triazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine-7(4H)-one derivatives as positive modulators of GABAA1 receptor with potent anticonvulsant activity and low toxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 185:111824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
19
|
Anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activity followed by molecular docking study of ceramides from the Red Sea sponge Negombata sp. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
20
|
Ameliorative Effects of Ellagic Acid on Maximal Electroshock and Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures in Mice. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.80039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
21
|
Hamoy M, Dos Santos Batista L, de Mello VJ, Gomes-Leal W, Farias RAF, Dos Santos Batista P, do Nascimento JLM, Marcondes HC, Taylor JG, Hutchison WD, Torres MF, Barbas LAL. Cunaniol-elicited seizures: Behavior characterization and electroencephalographic analyses. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 360:193-200. [PMID: 30296455 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at describing the characteristics and properties of seizures induced by cunaniol, a polyacetylenic alcohol isolated from the Clibadium genus, which is ubiquitous in the Amazon biodiversity and its potential use as a convulsant model. Wistar rat behavior was assessed upon cunaniol administration and animals were evaluated for neural activity through electroencephalographic records whereby epidural electrodes were positioned over the motor cortex under cunaniol-elicited seizures and seizure's control using three anticonvulsant agents, namely phenytoin, phenobarbital and diazepam. Cunaniol-induced seizures displayed a cyclic development of electrocorticographic seizures, presenting interictal-like spike and ictal period, which correlates to the behavioral observations and is in line with acute seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole. Cunaniol-elicited seizures were intractable by phenytoin treatment and controlled under the GABAergic activities of phenobarbital and diazepam. The results indicate that the cunaniol-induced changes show characteristics of seizure activity, making this plant compound a suitable animal convulsant model for seizure-related studies that could be used to assist in the development of novel anticonvulsant agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Hamoy
- Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Walace Gomes-Leal
- Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jason G Taylor
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - William D Hutchison
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marcelo Ferreira Torres
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará, IFPA, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luis André L Barbas
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará, IFPA, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Manville RW, Abbott GW. Ancient and modern anticonvulsants act synergistically in a KCNQ potassium channel binding pocket. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3845. [PMID: 30242262 PMCID: PMC6155021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy has been treated for centuries with herbal remedies, including leaves of the African shrub Mallotus oppositifolius, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained unclear. Voltage-gated potassium channel isoforms KCNQ2–5, predominantly KCNQ2/3 heteromers, underlie the neuronal M-current, which suppresses neuronal excitability, protecting against seizures. Here, in silico docking, mutagenesis and cellular electrophysiology reveal that two components of M. oppositifolius leaf extract, mallotoxin (MTX) and isovaleric acid (IVA), act synergistically to open neuronal KCNQs, including KCNQ2/3 channels. Correspondingly, MTX and IVA combine to suppress pentylene tetrazole-induced tonic seizures in mice, whereas individually they are ineffective. Co-administering MTX and IVA with the modern, synthetic anticonvulsant retigabine creates a further synergy that voltage independently locks KCNQ2/3 open. Leveraging this synergy, which harnesses ancient and modern medicines to exploit differential KCNQ isoform preferences, presents an approach to developing safe yet effective anticonvulsants. In some countries, leaves of the shrub Mallotus oppositifolius have been used to treat epilepsy. Here, authors look at the structural and molecular basis for how chemical components of M. oppositifolius have their anticonvulsant effects, via modulation of potassium channel activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rían W Manville
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Irvine Hall 291, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Irvine Hall 291, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mishra CB, Kumari S, Siraj F, Yadav R, Kumari S, Tiwari AK, Tiwari M. The anti-epileptogenic and cognition enhancing effect of novel 1-[4-(4-benzo [1, 3] dioxol-5-ylmethyl-piperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]-3-phenyl-urea (BPPU) in pentylenetetrazole induced chronic rat model of epilepsy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:470-480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
|
24
|
Campos G, Fortuna A, Falcão A, Alves G. In vitro and in vivo experimental models employed in the discovery and development of antiepileptic drugs for pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2018; 146:63-86. [PMID: 30086482 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic, recurrent and progressive neurological diseases. In spite of the large number of antiepileptic drugs currently available for the suppression of seizures, about one-third of patients develop drug-resistant epilepsy, even when they are administered the most appropriate treatment available. Thus, nonclinical models can be valuable tools for the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the development of pharmacoresistance and also for the development of new therapeutic agents that may be promising therapeutic approaches for this unmet medical need. Up today, several epilepsy and seizure models have been developed, exhibiting similar physiopathological features of human drug-resistant epilepsy; moreover, pharmacological response to antiepileptic drugs clinically available tends to be similar in animal models and humans. Therefore, they should be more intensively used in the preclinical discovery and development of new candidates to antiepileptic drugs. Although useful, in vitro models cannot completely replicate the complexity of a living being and their potential for a systematic use in antiepileptic drug screening is limited. The whole-animal models are the most commonly employed and they can be classified as per se drug-resistant due to an inherent poor drug response or be based on the selection of subgroups of epileptic animals that respond or not to a specific antiepileptic drug. Although more expensive and time-consuming, the latter are chronic models of epilepsy that better exhibit the disease-associated alterations found in human epilepsy. Several antiepileptic drugs in development or already marketed have been already tested and shown to be effective in these models of drug-resistant epilepsy, constituting a new hope for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. This review will provide epilepsy researchers with detailed information on the in vitro and in vivo nonclinical models of interest in drug-resistant epilepsy, which may enable a refined selection of most relevant models for understanding the mechanisms of the disease and developing novel antiepileptic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Campos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) is a GABA-A receptor antagonist. An intraperitoneal injection of PTZ into an animal induces an acute, severe seizure at a high dose, whereas sequential injections of a subconvulsive dose have been used for the development of chemical kindling, an epilepsy model. A single low-dose injection of PTZ induces a mild seizure without convulsion. However, repetitive low-dose injections of PTZ decrease the threshold to evoke a convulsive seizure. Finally, continuous low-dose administration of PTZ induces a severe tonic-clonic seizure. This method is simple and widely applicable to investigate the pathophysiology of epilepsy, which is defined as a chronic disease that involves repetitive seizures. This chemical kindling protocol causes repetitive seizures in animals. With this method, vulnerability to PTZ-mediated seizures or the degree of aggravation of epileptic seizures was estimated. These advantages have led to the use of this method for screening anti-epileptic drugs and epilepsy-related genes. In addition, this method has been used to investigate neuronal damage after epileptic seizures because the histological changes observed in the brains of epileptic patients also appear in the brains of chemical-kindled animals. Thus, this protocol is useful for conveniently producing animal models of epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadayuki Shimada
- Synaptic Plasticity Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science;
| | - Kanato Yamagata
- Synaptic Plasticity Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Daanaa S, Abotsi WKM, Boakye-Gyasi E, Woode E. Anticonvulsant effect of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Psydrax subcordata (DC.) Bridson in murine models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 213:384-394. [PMID: 29183747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psydrax subcordata (DC.) Bridson is a tropical medicinal plant used traditionally for the management of epilepsy. However, there is little scientific evidence to support its use. AIM OF STUDY The current study investigated the anticonvulsant properties of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Psydrax subcordata (PSE) in animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anticonvulsant effects were evaluated in mouse models of acute seizures (pentylenetetrazole-, picrotoxin-, 4-aminopyridine-, strychnine- and maximal electroshock-induced seizure tests) and status epilepticus (Lithium/pilocarpine-induced SE). The role of GABAergic mechanisms in the actions of the extract was also examined by pre-treatment of animals with flumazenil in the pentylenetetrazole test. RESULTS The extract (30, 100 and 300mg/kg, p.o.) significantly delayed the onset and decreased the duration and frequency of pentylenetetrazole- and picrotoxin-convulsions. PSE also reduced the duration of tonic hind limb extensions in the maximal electroshock-induced seizure test. Furthermore, PSE pre-treatment significantly delayed the onset of seizures and improved survival in the 4-aminopyridine-induced seizure test. In the strychnine-induced seizure test, PSE treatment did not significantly affect the latency to convulsions and time until death when compared to controls. PSE exhibited anticonvulsant effects in the lithium/pilocarpine test by delaying the onset of seizures and status epilepticus as well as reducing the severity of seizures and mortality of mice. Again, the anticonvulsant effect of PSE (100mg/kg, p.o.) was blocked by pre-treatment with flumazenil in the PTZ test. CONCLUSION PSE has anticonvulsant activity in animal models, and this effect may be mediated, at least partly, through GABAergic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Daanaa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Wonder Kofi Mensah Abotsi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Eric Boakye-Gyasi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Eric Woode
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Löscher W, Ferland RJ, Ferraro TN. The relevance of inter- and intrastrain differences in mice and rats and their implications for models of seizures and epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 73. [PMID: 28651171 PMCID: PMC5909069 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that the genetic background of mice and rats, even in inbred strains, can have a profound influence on measures of seizure susceptibility and epilepsy. These differences can be capitalized upon through genetic mapping studies to reveal genes important for seizures and epilepsy. However, strain background and particularly mixed genetic backgrounds of transgenic animals need careful consideration in both the selection of strains and in the interpretation of results and conclusions. For instance, mice with targeted deletions of genes involved in epilepsy can have profoundly disparate phenotypes depending on the background strain. In this review, we discuss findings related to how this genetic heterogeneity has and can be utilized in the epilepsy field to reveal novel insights into seizures and epilepsy. Moreover, we discuss how caution is needed in regards to rodent strain or even animal vendor choice, and how this can significantly influence seizure and epilepsy parameters in unexpected ways. This is particularly critical in decisions regarding the strain of choice used in generating mice with targeted deletions of genes. Finally, we discuss the role of environment (at vendor and/or laboratory) and epigenetic factors for inter- and intrastrain differences and how such differences can affect the expression of seizures and the animals' performance in behavioral tests that often accompany acute and chronic seizure testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Russell J Ferland
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States; Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Thomas N Ferraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Molecular Docking and Anticonvulsant Activity of Newly Synthesized Quinazoline Derivatives. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071094. [PMID: 28665338 PMCID: PMC6152033 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of quinazoline-4(3H)-ones are evaluated for anticonvulsant activity. After intraperitoneal (ip) injection to albino mice at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, synthesized quinazolin-4(3H)-ones (1–24) were examined in the maximal electroshock (MES) induced seizures and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) induced seizure models in mice. The Rotarod method was applied to determine the neurotoxicity. Most of the compounds displayed anticonvulsant activity in the scPTZ screen at a dose range of 0.204–0.376 mmol/mL. Out of twenty-four, compounds 8, 13 and 19 proved to be the most active with a remarkable protection (100%) against PTZ induced convulsions and four times more potent activity than ethosuximide. The structure-activity relationship concluded valuable pharmacophoric information, which was confirmed by the molecular docking studies using the target enzyme human carbon anhydrase II (HCA II). The studied quinazoline analogues suggested that the butyl substitution at position 3 has a significant effect on preventing the spread of seizure discharge and on raising the seizure threshold. However, benzyl substitution at position 3 has shown a strong anticonvulsant activity but with less seizure prevention compared to the butyl substitution.
Collapse
|
29
|
Barrera-Bailón B, Oliveira JAC, López DE, Muñoz LJ, Garcia-Cairasco N, Sancho C. Pharmacological and neuroethological study of the acute and chronic effects of lamotrigine in the genetic audiogenic seizure hamster (GASH:Sal). Epilepsy Behav 2017; 71:207-217. [PMID: 26876275 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the behavioral and anticonvulsant effects of lamotrigine (LTG) on the genetic audiogenic seizure hamster (GASH:Sal), an animal model of audiogenic seizure that is in the validation process. To evaluate the efficiency of acute and chronic treatments with LTG, GASH:Sals were treated with LTG either acutely via intraperitoneal injection (5-20mg/kg) or chronically via oral administration (20-25mg/kg/day). Their behavior was assessed via neuroethological analysis, and the anticonvulsant effect of LTG was evaluated based on the appearance and the severity of seizures. The results showed that acute administration of LTG exerts an anticonvulsant effect at the lowest dose tested (5mg/kg) and that chronic oral LTG treatment exerts an anticonvulsant effect at a dose of 20-25mg/kg/day. Furthermore, LTG treatment induced a low rate of secondary adverse effects. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Genetic and Reflex Epilepsies, Audiogenic Seizures and Strains: From Experimental Models to the Clinic".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Barrera-Bailón
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla and León/IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - J A C Oliveira
- Physiology Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - D E López
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla and León/IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - L J Muñoz
- Animal Research Service, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - N Garcia-Cairasco
- Physiology Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - C Sancho
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla and León/IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ahsan MJ. Anticonvulsant activity and neuroprotection assay of 3-substituted-N-aryl-6,7-dimethoxy-3a,4-dihydro-3H-indeno[1,2-c]pyrazole-2-carboxamide analogues. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
31
|
Barker-Haliski ML, Johnson K, Billingsley P, Huff J, Handy LJ, Khaleel R, Lu Z, Mau MJ, Pruess TH, Rueda C, Saunders G, Underwood TK, Vanegas F, Smith MD, West PJ, Wilcox KS. Validation of a Preclinical Drug Screening Platform for Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1904-1918. [PMID: 28303498 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The successful identification of promising investigational therapies for the treatment of epilepsy can be credited to the use of numerous animal models of seizure and epilepsy for over 80 years. In this time, the maximal electroshock test in mice and rats, the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol test in mice and rats, and more recently the 6 Hz assay in mice, have been utilized as primary models of electrically or chemically-evoked seizures in neurologically intact rodents. In addition, rodent kindling models, in which chronic network hyperexcitability has developed, have been used to identify new agents. It is clear that this traditional screening approach has greatly expanded the number of marketed drugs available to manage the symptomatic seizures associated with epilepsy. In spite of the numerous antiseizure drugs (ASDs) on the market today, the fact remains that nearly 30% of patients are resistant to these currently available medications. To address this unmet medical need, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program (ETSP) revised its approach to the early evaluation of investigational agents for the treatment of epilepsy in 2015 to include a focus on preclinical approaches to model pharmacoresistant seizures. This present report highlights the in vivo and in vitro findings associated with the initial pharmacological validation of this testing approach using a number of mechanistically diverse, commercially available antiseizure drugs, as well as several probe compounds that are of potential mechanistic interest to the clinical management of epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Johnson
- Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Peggy Billingsley
- Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jennifer Huff
- Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Laura J Handy
- Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Rizvana Khaleel
- Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Zhenmei Lu
- Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Matthew J Mau
- Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Timothy H Pruess
- Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Carlos Rueda
- Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Gerald Saunders
- Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Tristan K Underwood
- Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Fabiola Vanegas
- Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Misty D Smith
- Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Peter J West
- Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Karen S Wilcox
- Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Animal Models of Seizures and Epilepsy: Past, Present, and Future Role for the Discovery of Antiseizure Drugs. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1873-1888. [PMID: 28290134 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The identification of potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of epilepsy requires the use of seizure models. Except for some early treatments, including bromides and phenobarbital, the antiseizure activity of all clinically used drugs was, for the most part, defined by acute seizure models in rodents using the maximal electroshock and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole seizure tests and the electrically kindled rat. Unfortunately, the clinical evidence to date would suggest that none of these models, albeit useful, are likely to identify those therapeutics that will effectively manage patients with drug resistant seizures. Over the last 30 years, a number of animal models have been developed that display varying degrees of pharmacoresistance, such as the phenytoin- or lamotrigine-resistant kindled rat, the 6-Hz mouse model of partial seizures, the intrahippocampal kainate model in mice, or rats in which spontaneous recurrent seizures develops after inducing status epilepticus by chemical or electrical stimulation. As such, these models can be used to study mechanisms of drug resistance and may provide a unique opportunity for identifying a truly novel antiseizure drug (ASD), but thus far clinical evidence for this hope is lacking. Although animal models of drug resistant seizures are now included in ASD discovery approaches such as the ETSP (epilepsy therapy screening program), it is important to note that no single model has been validated for use to identify potential compounds for as yet drug resistant seizures, but rather a battery of such models should be employed, thus enhancing the sensitivity to discover novel, highly effective ASDs. The present review describes the previous and current approaches used in the search for new ASDs and offers some insight into future directions incorporating new and emerging animal models of therapy resistance.
Collapse
|
33
|
Wellendorph P, Jacobsen J, Skovgaard-Petersen J, Jurik A, Vogensen SB, Ecker G, Schousboe A, Krogsgaard-Larsen P, Clausen RP. γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Glycine Neurotransmitter Transporters. METHODS AND PRINCIPLES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527679430.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petrine Wellendorph
- University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Julie Jacobsen
- University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jonas Skovgaard-Petersen
- University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Andreas Jurik
- University of Vienna; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Stine B. Vogensen
- University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Gerhard Ecker
- University of Vienna; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Arne Schousboe
- University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Povl Krogsgaard-Larsen
- University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Rasmus P. Clausen
- University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
New model of pharmacoresistant seizures induced by 3-mercaptopropionic acid in mice. Epilepsy Res 2017; 129:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
35
|
Taiwe GS, Tchoya TB, Menanga JR, Dabole B, De Waard M. Anticonvulsant activity of an active fraction extracted from Crinum jagus L. (Amaryllidaceae), and its possible effects on fully kindled seizures, depression-like behaviour and oxidative stress in experimental rodent models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:421-433. [PMID: 27725241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaf extract of Crinum jagus L. (Amaryllidaceae) is widely used in traditional Cameroonian medicine as antiepileptic remedy and for the treatment of convulsion, depression and mood disorders associated with epilepsy. AIM OF THE STUDY Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of an active fraction extracted from the leaves of Crinum jagus against seizures, depression-like behaviour and oxidative stress in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioactive-guided fractionation of the leaf extract of Crinum jagus by using 70mg/kg PTZ-induced convulsions in mice, afforded a potent anticonvulsant fraction (flavonol kaempferol; C4.4). The effects of C4.4 on 30mg/kg PTZ-induced kindling, kindling-induced depression like-behaviour and oxidative stress was evaluated. Mice were injected PTZ (30mg/kg, i.p.) once every alternate day (48±1h) until the development of kindling. Depression was assessed using tail suspension test and forced swim test while the oxidative stress parameters were estimated in the whole brain at the end of experiments. Mice were submitted to the rota-rod task and open-field test in order to assess any non-specific muscle-relaxant or sedative effects of C4.4. Acute toxicity of C4.4 was also assessed in mice. RESULTS Convulsions-induced by 70mg/kg PTZ were strongly antagonized by C4.4. Oral administration of C4.4 significantly increased the latency to myoclonic jerks, clonic seizures as well as generalized tonic-clonic seizures, improved the seizure mean stage and decreased the number of myoclonic jerks in PTZ-kindled mice. The data indicated also that C4.4 significantly reduced the immobility times in the tail suspension test and the forced swim test. This active fraction has also antioxidant properties by decreasing the lipid peroxidation, and augmenting endogenous antioxidant enzymes in brain. C4.4 administered (12.5-50mg/kg) did not alter the locomotion of animals in the open-field or rotarod tests, which suggest a lack of a central depressant effect. The animals did not exhibit any acute toxicity to C4.4 at the therapeutic doses. CONCLUSION These results suggest that pretreatment with C4.4 ameliorates convulsions-induced by PTZ, protects mice against kindling development, depression-like behaviour and oxidative stress in PTZ-kindled mice. These finding provides scientific rationale for the use of Crinum jagus extracts for the amelioration of epilepsy observed in traditional medicine in Cameroon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Germain Sotoing Taiwe
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea , Cameroon.
| | - Thierry Bang Tchoya
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Joseph Renaud Menanga
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Bernard Dabole
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Michel De Waard
- Institut du Thorax, Inserm UMR 1087/CNRS UMR 6291, Nante, France; University of Nante, Nante, France; Smartox Biotechnology, Saint Martin d'Hères, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
An easy-to-use liquid chromatography assay for the analysis of lamotrigine in rat plasma and brain samples using microextraction by packed sorbent: Application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1035:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
37
|
Tomaciello F, Leclercq K, Kaminski RM. Resveratrol lacks protective activity against acute seizures in mouse models. Neurosci Lett 2016; 632:199-203. [PMID: 27600732 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,4',5-stilbenetriol) is a natural product having diverse anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The compound has a wide spectrum of pharmacological and metabolic activity, including cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anticarcinogenic and anti-aging effects reported in numerous studies. Some reports also suggest potential anticonvulsant properties of resveratrol. In the present study, we used in mice three different seizure models which are routinely applied in preclinical drug discovery. The protective effects of resveratrol were evaluated in the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), maximal electroshock (MES) and 6-Hz electrical seizure models. Resveratrol (up to 300mg/kg) administered ip (5-60min pre-treatment time) remained without any protective activity against seizures induced in these models. There was only a trend towards a delay in seizure latency, which reached statistical significance after treatment with resveratrol (100mg/kg; 15min) in case of tonic convulsions induced by PTZ. Phenobarbital (PHB, ip, 45min), used as a reference compound, displayed a clear-cut and dose-dependent protection against seizures in all the models. The ED50 values obtained with PHB were as follows: 7.3mg/kg (PTZ model), 13.3mg/kg (MES model) and 29.7mg/kg (6-Hz model). The present data demonstrate that an acute treatment with resveratrol does not provide any significant protection in three seizure models which collectively are able to detect anticonvulsants with diverse mechanisms of action. However, it cannot be excluded that chronic treatment with resveratrol may offer some protection in these or other seizure models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Tomaciello
- UCB Pharma, Neurosciences TA, B-1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium; Faculty of Science, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Karine Leclercq
- UCB Pharma, Neurosciences TA, B-1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kukuia KKE, Ameyaw EO, Woode E, Mante PK, Adongo DW. Enhancement of inhibitory neurotransmission and inhibition of excitatory mechanisms underlie the anticonvulsant effects of Mallotus oppositifolius. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2016; 8:253-61. [PMID: 27413356 PMCID: PMC4929967 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.183226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Mallotus oppositifolius is a shrub that is used traditionally to treat epilepsy, but its potential has not been scientifically validated. AIMS This study investigated the anticonvulsant properties and possible mechanism of action of the 70% v/v hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of M. oppositifolius. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inprinting control region (ICR) mice (25-30 g) were pretreated with the M. oppositifolius leaf extract (10-100 mg/kg) before administering the respective convulsants (pentylenetetrazole [PTZ], picrotoxin [PTX], strychnine [STR], 4-aminopyridine [4-AP], and pilocarpine). The effect of the extract in maximal electroshock seizure (MES) model was investigated also. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data were presented as mean ± standard error of the mean and were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or two-way ANOVA where appropriate with Newman-Keuls or Bonferroni post hoc test respectively. P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS In both PTX and PTZ test, extract delayed the onset of seizures and reduced the frequency and duration of seizures. In the STR-induced seizure test, the extract significantly delayed the onset of seizures and reduced the duration of seizures. The extract also delayed the onset of clonic and tonic seizures as well as increasing the survival of mice in the 4-AP-induced seizure test. It further reduced the duration of tonic limb extensions in the MES test. In the pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus, the extract significantly delayed the onset of clonic convulsions and reduced the frequency and duration of seizures. Moreover, the anticonvulsant effect of the extract was attenuated by flumazenil, a benzodiazepine/gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor antagonist. CONCLUSION These findings show that the extract has anticonvulsant effect possible mediated by GABAergic, glycinergic neurotransmission, and potassium channel conductions. It may also be acting by antagonizing muscarinic receptor activation and N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy Kwami Edem Kukuia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accr, Ghana
| | - Elvis Ofori Ameyaw
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, School of Biological Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Eric Woode
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Priscilla Kolibea Mante
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Donatus Wewura Adongo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Scichilone JM, Yarraguntla K, Charalambides A, Harney JP, Butler D. Environmental Enrichment Mitigates Detrimental Cognitive Effects of Ketogenic Diet in Weanling Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 60:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0753-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
40
|
Loewen JL, Barker-Haliski ML, Dahle EJ, White HS, Wilcox KS. Neuronal Injury, Gliosis, and Glial Proliferation in Two Models of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:366-78. [PMID: 26945036 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that 30%-40% of epilepsy patients are refractory to therapy and animal models are useful for the identification of more efficacious therapeutic agents. Various well-characterized syndrome-specific models are needed to assess their relevance to human seizure disorders and their validity for testing potential therapies. The corneal kindled mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) allows for the rapid screening of investigational compounds, but there is a lack of information as to the specific inflammatory pathology in this model. Similarly, the Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) model of TLE may prove to be useful for screening, but quantitative assessment of hippocampal pathology is also lacking. We used immunohistochemistry to characterize and quantitate acute neuronal injury and inflammatory features in dorsal CA1 and dentate gyrus regions and in the directly overlying posterior parietal cortex at 2 time points in each of these TLE models. Corneal kindled mice were observed to have astrogliosis, but not microgliosis or neuron cell death. In contrast, TMEV-injected mice had astrogliosis, microgliosis, neuron death, and astrocyte and microglial proliferation. Our results suggest that these 2 animal models might be appropriate for evaluation of distinct therapies for TLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaycie L Loewen
- From the Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience (JLL, HSW, KSW); HHMI Med into Grad Program (JLL); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (JLL, MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW); and Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program (MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Melissa L Barker-Haliski
- From the Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience (JLL, HSW, KSW); HHMI Med into Grad Program (JLL); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (JLL, MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW); and Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program (MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - E Jill Dahle
- From the Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience (JLL, HSW, KSW); HHMI Med into Grad Program (JLL); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (JLL, MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW); and Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program (MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - H Steve White
- From the Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience (JLL, HSW, KSW); HHMI Med into Grad Program (JLL); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (JLL, MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW); and Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program (MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Karen S Wilcox
- From the Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience (JLL, HSW, KSW); HHMI Med into Grad Program (JLL); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (JLL, MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW); and Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program (MLB-H, EJD, HSW, KSW), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Shen HY, van Vliet EA, Bright KA, Hanthorn M, Lytle NK, Gorter J, Aronica E, Boison D. Glycine transporter 1 is a target for the treatment of epilepsy. Neuropharmacology 2015; 99:554-65. [PMID: 26302655 PMCID: PMC4655139 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycine is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in brainstem and spinal cord, whereas in hippocampus glycine exerts dual modulatory roles on strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors and on the strychnine-insensitive glycineB site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). In hippocampus, the synaptic availability of glycine is largely under control of glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1). Since epilepsy is a disorder of disrupted network homeostasis affecting the equilibrium of various neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, we hypothesized that changes in hippocampal GlyT1 expression and resulting disruption of glycine homeostasis might be implicated in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Using two different rodent models of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE)--the intrahippocampal kainic acid model of TLE in mice, and the rat model of tetanic stimulation-induced TLE--we first demonstrated robust overexpression of GlyT1 in the hippocampal formation, suggesting dysfunctional glycine signaling in epilepsy. Overexpression of GlyT1 in the hippocampal formation was corroborated in human TLE samples by quantitative real time PCR. In support of a role of dysfunctional glycine signaling in the pathophysiology of epilepsy, both the genetic deletion of GlyT1 in hippocampus and the GlyT1 inhibitor LY2365109 increased seizure thresholds in mice. Importantly, chronic seizures in the mouse model of TLE were robustly suppressed by systemic administration of the GlyT1 inhibitor LY2365109. We conclude that GlyT1 overexpression in the epileptic brain constitutes a new target for therapeutic intervention, and that GlyT1 inhibitors constitute a new class of antiictogenic drugs. These findings are of translational value since GlyT1 inhibitors are already in clinical development to treat cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Shen
- Robert Stone Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR 97232, USA
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kerry-Ann Bright
- Robert Stone Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR 97232, USA
| | - Marissa Hanthorn
- Robert Stone Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR 97232, USA
| | - Nikki K Lytle
- Robert Stone Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR 97232, USA
| | - Jan Gorter
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; SEIN - Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - Detlev Boison
- Robert Stone Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR 97232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Carrasco-Pozo C, Tan KN, Borges K. Sulforaphane is anticonvulsant and improves mitochondrial function. J Neurochem 2015; 135:932-42. [PMID: 26365487 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway (Nrf2) has been previously identified to protect the brain against various impacts. Here, we investigated the effect of the Nrf2 activator sulforaphane in various seizure models and hippocampal mitochondrial bioenergetics. We found that daily injections of sulforaphane for 5 days elevated the seizure thresholds to 6 Hz stimulation and fluorothyl-, but not pentylenetetrazole-induced tonic seizures and protected mice against pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). Also, sulforaphane increased the antioxidant defences within hippocampal formations and blood plasma. In addition, sulforaphane treatment reduced the extent of hippocampal lipid peroxidation 24 h post-SE and protected hippocampal mitochondria against SE-induced reduction in state 2 and uncoupler-stimulated state 3 respiration. SE-mediated partial loss of rotenone-sensitive and complex II-driven respiration was reduced, consistent with the enhanced activities of complexes I and II in sulforaphane-treated SE mice. In mitochondria isolated from both no SE and SE mice, sulforaphane increased state 3 respiration and respiration linked to ATP synthesis, which may contribute to its anticonvulsant and antioxidant effects by providing more ATP for cellular vital and protective functions. However, sulforaphane did not prevent SE-induced hippocampal cell death. In conclusion, sulforaphane and/or Nrf2 activation are viable anticonvulsant strategies, which are antioxidant and enhance mitochondrial function, especially the ability to produce ATP. Sulforaphane was anticonvulsant in two acute mouse models of epilepsy and protected mice against pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). We also found antioxidant effects of sulforaphane in mouse plasma and hippocampal formations, exhibited by increased catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, as well as increased abilities of hippocampal mitochondria to produce ATP. These effects likely underlie sulforaphane's anticonvulsant mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Carrasco-Pozo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kah Ni Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karin Borges
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang Z, Li J, Zeng XD, Hu XM, Zhou X, Hong X. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Benzenesulfonamide Derivatives as Potential Anticonvulsant Agents. Molecules 2015; 20:17585-600. [PMID: 26404228 PMCID: PMC6331867 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200917585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of benzenesulfonamide derivatives containing 4-aminobenzenesul-fonamide and α-amides branched valproic acid or 2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid moieties were synthesized and screened for their anticonvulsant activities in mice maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) test. The activity experimental study showed that 2,2-dipropyl-N¹-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)malonamide (18b) had the lowest median effective dose (ED50) of 16.36 mg/kg in MES test, and 2,2-dimethyl-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxamide (12c) had the lowest ED50 of 22.50 mg/kg in scPTZ test, which resulted in the protective indexe (PI) of 24.8 and 20.4, respectively. These promising data suggest the new compounds have good potential as new class of anticonvulsant agents with high effectiveness and low toxicity for the treatment of epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Jinping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xian-Ming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xiaoju Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xuechuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Torregrosa R, Yang XF, Dustrude ET, Cummins TR, Khanna R, Kohn H. Chimeric derivatives of functionalized amino acids and α-aminoamides: compounds with anticonvulsant activity in seizure models and inhibitory actions on central, peripheral, and cardiac isoforms of voltage-gated sodium channels. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3655-66. [PMID: 25922183 PMCID: PMC4461516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Six novel 3″-substituted (R)-N-(phenoxybenzyl) 2-N-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamides were prepared and then assessed using whole-cell, patch-clamp electrophysiology for their anticonvulsant activities in animal seizure models and for their sodium channel activities. We found compounds with various substituents at the terminal aromatic ring that had excellent anticonvulsant activity. Of these compounds, (R)-N-4'-((3″-chloro)phenoxy)benzyl 2-N-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamide ((R)-5) and (R)-N-4'-((3″-trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)benzyl 2-N-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamide ((R)-9) exhibited high protective indices (PI=TD50/ED50) comparable with many antiseizure drugs when tested in the maximal electroshock seizure test to mice (intraperitoneally) and rats (intraperitoneally, orally). Most compounds potently transitioned sodium channels to the slow-inactivated state when evaluated in rat embryonic cortical neurons. Treating HEK293 recombinant cells that expressed hNaV1.1, rNaV1.3, hNaV1.5, or hNaV1.7 with (R)-9 recapitulated the high levels of sodium channel slow inactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Torregrosa
- NeuroGate Therapeutics, Inc., 150 Fayetteville Street, Suite 2300, Raleigh, NC 27601, United States
| | - Xiao-Fang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85742, United States
| | - Erik T Dustrude
- Program in Medical Neuroscience, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Theodore R Cummins
- Program in Medical Neuroscience, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85742, United States
| | - Harold Kohn
- NeuroGate Therapeutics, Inc., 150 Fayetteville Street, Suite 2300, Raleigh, NC 27601, United States; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Barker-Haliski ML, Friedman D, French JA, White HS. Disease Modification in Epilepsy: From Animal Models to Clinical Applications. Drugs 2015; 75:749-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s40265-015-0395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
46
|
Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of thiazole-based pyrrolidinones and isoindolinediones as anticonvulsant agents. Med Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
47
|
Li J, Lou J, Wang Z, Wang T, Xiao Y, Hu X, Liu P, Hong X. Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel N-(2-(1, 1-dimethyl-5, 7-dioxo-4, 6-diazaspiro[2.4]heptan-6-yl)ethyl) sulfonamide derivatives as potential anticonvulsant agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 92:370-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
48
|
Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of N-[4-(4-(alkyl/aryl/heteroaryl)-piperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester derivatives as novel anticonvulsant agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1092-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
49
|
Cambiaghi M, Magri L, Cursi M. Importance of EEG in validating the chronic effects of drugs: suggestions from animal models of epilepsy treated with rapamycin. Seizure 2015; 27:30-9. [PMID: 25891924 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The development of new drugs for the treatment of epilepsy is a major challenge for modern neurology and its first steps demand basic research. Preclinical studies on animal models of epilepsy are mainly based on the analysis of brain electrical activity to detect seizures, when they are not just limited to behavioral tests like the Racine scale. METHODS In the present review, we discuss the importance of using time-locked video and EEG recordings (Video-EEG) coupled with behavioral tests as tools to monitor and analyze the effects of anti-epileptic drugs in pre-clinical research. Particularly, we focus on the utility of a multimodal approach based on EEG/behavioral analysis to study the beneficial effects of chronic rapamycin treatment as a potential anti-epileptogenic therapy for a broad spectrum of epilepsy, including both genetic (as in tuberous sclerosis complex) and acquired diseases. RESULTS Changes and synchronization of neuronal activity of different areas have been correlated with specific behavior in both physiological and pathological conditions. In the epileptic brain, during a seizure there is an abnormal activation of many cells all at once, altering different networks. CONCLUSION A multimodal approach based on video, EEG analysis and behavioral tests would be the best option in preclinical studies of epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cambiaghi
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Department of Neuroscience, Turin, Italy.
| | - Laura Magri
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Marco Cursi
- Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Neurology, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
|