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Sawa M, Zatorska-Kwiecińska M, Goździk J. Optimizing of the isolation of hematopoietic stem cell in bone marrow transplantation in children. Transfus Apher Sci 2023; 62:103707. [PMID: 37100639 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2023.103707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Most of collected hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) products need processing in order to isolate stem cells, squeeze out of plasma and erythrocytes. There are two main aims for bone marrow (BM) enrichment: reduction of immunogenicity of AB0 incompatible transplants and/or preventing toxicity of hemolysis during cryopreservation. In our center we have implemented two methods for BM enrichment: manual technic using 10 % HAES (hydroxyethyl starch) and automatic cell separator. In order to optimize the process, we examined retrospectively the parameters which could have a great impact on final efficiency of engraftment, such as reduction of hematocrit, CD34 + , WBC recovery and cell viability. This study was a retrospective analysis of 46 pediatric patients (pts) who underwent autologous or allogeneic HSCT. There were performed 27 procedures using cell separator and 19 with HAES technique. This study showed that cell separator processing is significantly less damaging for stem cells than widely longer, manual HAES technique. Comparing RBC depletion and WBC recovery both used techniques are same efficient and good enough but we found out a significant difference in the efficiency of CD34 + recovery which was much higher in a technique of cell separator. We examined also the effect of addition of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) to the BM on purifying and efficiency of HSCs isolation. Doing so it decreased only the WBC recovery during sell separator processing. To sum up after series of analyzes we found out that cell separator is more convenient than HAES technique in most of considered aspects. Furthermore, cell separator use is cheaper and needs less time for processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sawa
- Department of Transplantation, University Children's Hospital in Cracow, Wielicka St. 265, Cracow 30-663, Poland.
| | | | - Jolanta Goździk
- Department of Transplantation, University Children's Hospital in Cracow, Wielicka St. 265, Cracow 30-663, Poland; Chair of Clinical Immunology and Transplantation Institute of Pediatrics Jagiellonian University Medical College, Anny St. 12, Cracow 31-008, Poland
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Sumii Y, Fujii N, Fujii K, Kondo T, Urata T, Kimura M, Washio K, Fujiwara H, Asada N, Ennishi D, Nishimori H, Matsuoka K, Otsuka F, Maeda Y. Red blood cell depletion in small‐volume bone marrow processing using manipulation with third‐party red blood cells: A comparison of the performance of the
COBE
spectra and the spectra Optia systems. Transfusion 2022; 62:1829-1838. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.17039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Sumii
- Division of Blood Transfusion Okayama University Hospital Okayama Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan
| | - Nobuharu Fujii
- Division of Blood Transfusion Okayama University Hospital Okayama Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan
| | - Keiko Fujii
- Division of Clinical Laboratory Okayama University Hospital Okayama Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology Okayama University Hospital Okayama Japan
| | - Takumi Kondo
- Division of Blood Transfusion Okayama University Hospital Okayama Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan
| | - Tomohiro Urata
- Division of Blood Transfusion Okayama University Hospital Okayama Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan
| | - Maiko Kimura
- Division of Blood Transfusion Okayama University Hospital Okayama Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan
| | - Kana Washio
- Department of Pediatrics/Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Okayama University Hospital Okayama Japan
| | - Hideaki Fujiwara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology Okayama University Hospital Okayama Japan
| | - Noboru Asada
- Department of Hematology and Oncology Okayama University Hospital Okayama Japan
| | - Daisuke Ennishi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan
- Center for Comprehensive Genomic Medicine Okayama University Hospital Okayama Japan
| | - Hisakazu Nishimori
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan
| | - Ken‐ichi Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Division of Clinical Laboratory Okayama University Hospital Okayama Japan
- Department of General Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Okayama Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan
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Akel S, Murray C, Ferguson W, Babic A. Outcomes of processing of bone marrow harvests for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients utilizing a novel red blood cell sedimentation kit. Transfusion 2019; 59:2375-2381. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.15337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salem Akel
- St. Louis Cord Blood Bank and Cellular Therapy LaboratorySSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital St. Louis Missouri
- Department of PediatricsSt Louis University School of Medicine St Louis Missouri
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cellular TherapySt Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee
| | - Christianna Murray
- St. Louis Cord Blood Bank and Cellular Therapy LaboratorySSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital St. Louis Missouri
| | - William Ferguson
- St. Louis Cord Blood Bank and Cellular Therapy LaboratorySSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital St. Louis Missouri
- Department of PediatricsSt Louis University School of Medicine St Louis Missouri
| | - Aleksandar Babic
- St. Louis Cord Blood Bank and Cellular Therapy LaboratorySSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital St. Louis Missouri
- Department of PediatricsSt Louis University School of Medicine St Louis Missouri
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Fully automated, clinical-grade bone marrow processing: a single-centre experience. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2016; 15:577-584. [PMID: 27723450 DOI: 10.2450/2016.0057-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical grade processing of harvested bone marrow is required in various clinical situations, particularly in the management of ABO mismatching in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and in regenerative medicine. MATERIAL AND METHODS We report a single-centre experience using a fully automated, clinical grade, closed system (Sepax, Biosafe, Switzerland). From 2003 to 2015, 125 procedures were performed in our laboratory, including buffy-coat production for HSCT (n=58), regenerative medicine in an orthopaedic setting (n=54) and density-gradient separation in a trial for treatment of critical limb ischaemia (n=13). RESULTS Buffy coat separation resulted in a median volume reduction of 85% (range, 75-87%), providing satisfactory red blood cell depletion (69%, range 30-88%) and a median recovery of CD34 cells of 96% (range, 81-134%) in the setting of allogeneic HSCT. Significantly greater volume reduction (90%; range, 90-92%) and red blood cell depletion (88%; range, 80-93%) were achieved by the new SmartRedux software released for Sepax2, validated in the last eight allogeneic HSCT. The density gradient separation programme resulted in complete red blood cell depletion associated with high CD34 recovery (69%; range, 36-124%). No reactions related to the quality of the product were reported. Time to engraftment following allogeneic HSCT was in the normal range. No cases of microbiological contamination related to the manipulation were reported. DISCUSSION Clinical grade, automated bone marrow manipulation with Sepax was shown to be effective, giving operator-independent results and could be used for a broad range of clinical applications.
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Rowley SD, Donato ML, Bhattacharyya P. Red blood cell-incompatible allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2011; 46:1167-85. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2011.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Cappellesso-Fleury S, Rage C, Tschaggeny F, Gaudé J, Gomez M, Bourin P. [Erythrocyte removal from bone marrow by density gradient separation using the COBE 2991 cell processor with the triple-bag processing set]. Transfus Clin Biol 2009; 16:43-9. [PMID: 19200762 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
ABO-incompatible bone marrow transplantation requires red blood cell depletion. Lots of laboratory adopted the technique of density gradient centrifugation (Ficoll-hypaque) using the COBE 2991 cell processor with simple-bag processing set. However, tubing of this set is not adapted to the currently available peristaltic pumps. Moreover, two other sets are required: one for the buffy-coat and one for postgradient cell washing. We developed a method using triple-bag processing set to conduct whole-step procedure (concentration, Ficoll and washing). Peristaltic PVC tubing is provided in one line of the set allowing a safe processing without several connections thus reducing risks of microbial contamination. First, we used buffy-coat of total blood for training, then, we carried out red cell depletion of healthy bone marrow donors. The red blood cell depletion was 97.9+/-1.1% and CD34+ recovery was 89.6+/-8.7%. These results are very close to those obtained with the simple-bag set (red cell depletion.=94.0+/-6.8% and CD34+ recovery=95.9+/-20.3%). We conclude that the triple-bag system, very little used in France, is practical, simplified the manipulation and is more safety than the simple-bag set.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cappellesso-Fleury
- Laboratoire de thérapie cellulaire, établissement français du sang Pyrénées-Méditerranée, 31300 Toulouse, France.
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Stussi G, Halter J, Schanz U, Seebach JD. ABO-histo blood group incompatibility in hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplantation. Transfus Apher Sci 2006; 35:59-69. [PMID: 16935028 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2006.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 05/19/2006] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to solid organ transplantation (SOT), ABO-histo blood group incompatibility is of minor importance for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Patients receiving ABO-incompatible HSCT are at an increased risk for immune-mediated hematological complications including immediate and delayed hemolysis, late red blood cell engraftment and pure red cell aplasia, but seem not to have a worse overall survival or increased transplant-related mortality. This review gives an overview of the immunological mechanisms leading to complications associated with ABO-incompatible HSCT and describes approaches to prevent them. The current organ shortage in SOT stimulates the exploration of new strategies to expand the donor pool including ABO-incompatible SOT and xenotransplantation. Here, we discuss the hypothesis that ABO-incompatible transplantation may be viewed as a human in vivo model for the humoral immune mechanisms of antigen-mismatched transplantation. ABO-incompatible HSCT and SOT provide excellent possibilities to analyze graft accommodation and transplantation tolerance. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of graft survival in ABO-incompatible transplantation may facilitate new strategies to overcome the immunological barriers in SOT and xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Stussi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Larghero J, Rea D, Esperou H, Biscay N, Maurer MN, Lacassagne MN, Ternaux B, Traineau R, Yakouben K, Dosquet C, Socié G, Gluckman E, Benbunan M, Marolleau JP. ABO-mismatched marrow processing for transplantation: results of 114 procedures and analysis of immediate adverse events and hematopoietic recovery. Transfusion 2006; 46:398-402. [PMID: 16533282 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00735.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red cell (RBC) depletion is needed to bypass ABO mismatch in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Technical and clinical data obtained after bone marrow (BM) processing with a continuous-flow cell separator (Cobe Spectra, Gambro BCT) are reported. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS RBC depletion and recovery of nucleated cells, CD3+ cells, CD34+ cells, and colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage were calculated. Bacteriologic contaminations, side effects of graft infusion, and hematopoietic recovery were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 114 BM samples were processed. The mean volume collected was 1099 mL (range, 390-2450 mL). Initial and residual mean RBCs volumes were 309.9 and 4.0 mL corresponding to a depletion of 98.6 +/- 0.78 percent. Before processing, the mean numbers of nucleated cells, granulocytes, CD3+ cells, CD34+ cells, and CFU-GM were 20.28 x 10(9), 12.79 x 10(9), 1.96 x 10(9), 356.7 x 10(6), and 195.6 x 10(5), respectively. The mean corresponding recoveries after processing were 33.66, 48.98, 82.02, 82.2, and 93.9 percent. Limited side effects were observed in 14 patients without correlation with residual RBCs volume. All but two patients engrafted. CONCLUSION BM processing with the Cobe Spectra cell separator provides high rates of RBC depletion without significant side effects after BMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Larghero
- Cell Therapy Unit and Bone Marrow Transplant Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
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Buckhalter R, Watkins K, Ericson SG. Inverted spin method for removing RBCs from BM buffy coat products. Cytotherapy 2003; 5:553-7. [PMID: 14660051 DOI: 10.1080/14653240310003567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inverted spin is a method of removing RBCs that historically has been part of blood banking practice. We investigated the feasibility of using this method for RBC depletion of BM buffy coat products in situations where recipient RBC Abs have been identified to donor RBC Ags. METHODS The BM buffy coat product was placed in a transfer pack, inverted, centrifuged at 600 g for 10 min, suspended and the RBCs removed slowly into another transfer pack. Nine patients treated between April 1998 and February 2001 received products prepared by our version of the inverted spin procedure. RESULTS We removed a median value of 81.2% of the RBCs, while still recovering a median of 94.3% of the mononuclear cells (median: 0.35 x 10(8)/kg; range: 0.17-0.9 x 10(8)/kg). The median volume of RBCs remaining in the product was 15.0 mL (range: 7.3-21.9 mL). The CD34(+) cell dose of the final product ranged from 1.0 x 10(6)/kg to 4.8 x 10(6) cells/kg (median: 1.9 x 10 6/kg). Granulocyte recovery (defined as ANC count >or=500/microL for a period of 3 consecutive days) ranged from 18-30 days post-infusion of the allograft (median: 24.0 days). One patient died shortly after his transplant from complications of his disease. No patient had any evidence of an acute hemolytic reaction. DISCUSSION Advantages of the inverted spin method include no need for additives (e.g. hydroxyethyl starch, HSA, or O negative RBC), and use of equipment readily available in most processing laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Buckhalter
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program of West Virginia University Hospitals Processing Laboratory, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Tsang KS, Li CK, Tsoi WC, Leung Y, Shing MMK, Chik KW, Lee V, Ng MHL, Yuen PMP. Detection of micrometastasis of neuroblastoma to bone marrow and tumor dissemination to hematopoietic autografts using flow cytometry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Cancer 2003; 97:2887-97. [PMID: 12767104 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.11389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of neuroblastoma metastases to bone marrow (BM) is requisite in staging disease for risk-adopted therapy. However, micrometastases were not elucidated fully. METHODS Flow cytometry (FCM) with CD45/CD56/CD81 and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) transcripts were used to evaluate neuroblastoma in bilateral BM aspirates at diagnosis, BM autografts, peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collections, and CD34(+) cell products of 27 children. RESULTS TH transcripts were amplified in histology-negative (H(-)) BM specimens from seven patients (four patients with Stage 3 disease, two with Stage 4 disease, and one with Stage 4S disease), revealing a prevalence of submicroscopic metastasis. The median number of CD45(-)CD81(+)CD56(+) cells in four H(-) TH(-) BM samples from two patients with Stage 1 and Stage 2 disease, respectively, was comparable to that encountered in 10 normal BM controls (0.003% [range, 0.002-0.004%] vs. 0.004% [0-0.008%], P = 0.724). In six H(-) TH(+) BM specimens from three patients whom were otherwise diagnosed with neuroblastoma Stage 3, 0.031% (0.009-0.06%) CD45(-)CD81(+)CD56(+) cells were detected. Besides, 1.474% (0.088-3.009%) CD45(-)CD81(+)CD56(+) cells were identified in four H(-) TH(+) BM specimens from two patients at Stage 4. TH transcripts were evident in four of five BM autografts and in 22 of 45 (48.9%) PBSC specimens. FCM demonstrated 0.018% and 0.049% CD45(-)CD81(+)CD56(+) cells in two TH(+) BM autografts, respectively. The number of CD45(-)CD81(+)CD56(+) cells was higher in 19 TH(+) PBSC specimens than in 20 TH(-) PBSC specimens (0.026% [0.006-1.128%] vs. 0% [0-0.009%], P < 0.0001). CD34(+) cell selection achieved 2.9 (2.1-3.5) log depletion of CD45(-)CD81(+)CD56(+) cells in four manipulated products, rendering six of seven PBSC autografts TH-free. CONCLUSIONS FCM in combination with RT-PCR evaluated neuroblastoma micrometastasis and assessed the purity of hematopoietic autografts for transplant. However, the clinical relevance remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam Sze Tsang
- Division of Hematology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, China.
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Gandini G, Franchini M, Vassanelli A, De Gironcoli M, Ferro I, Bertuzzo D, Antonello O, Aprili G. Immunohematological aspects of bone marrow transplantation. Hematology 2002; 7:89-93. [PMID: 12186697 DOI: 10.1080/10245330290022151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is an effective treatment for some severe hematologic or nonhematologic diseases. The blood group antigen mismatch between donor and recipient may cause immunohematological complications during or after BMT. In this review, we analyze the ABO, Rh and other red cell antigen mismatches between donor and recipient, the main immunohematological complications and the techniques to prevent them. The data reported are derived from the experience of the authors and from the medical literature. The clinical implications of the immunohematological aspects of BMT emphasize the importance of close immunohematological monitoring in patients undergoing allogeneic BMT with ABO, Rh or other red cell antigen mismatches between donor and recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gandini
- Servizio di Immunoematologia e transfusione, Azienda Ospedaliera di Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Tsang KS, Li K, Huang DP, Wong AP, Leung Y, Lau TT, Chang AM, Li CK, Fok TF, Yuen PM. Dextran sedimentation in a semi-closed system for the clinical banking of umbilical cord blood. Transfusion 2001; 41:344-52. [PMID: 11274588 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41030344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results of current processing procedures for reducing volume and recovering HPCs from umbilical cord blood (UCB) before cryopreservation vary. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Dextran was added to bags containing UCB, followed by sedimentation for 30 minutes. The processed UCB was then frozen. RBCs, nucleated cells, MNCs, CD34+ cells, CFUs and long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-ICs), viability, and sterility were evaluated. Fractionations in ficoll-hypaque and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) were also run in parallel for comparison. RESULTS The nucleated cell (NC) recovery and RBC depletion were 86.1 percent and 94.3 percent, respectively (n = 50). Sedimentation with dextran also enabled the recovery of 80.7 percent MNCs and 82.6 percent CD34+ cells (n = 30). Postsedimentation samples displayed no impairment of CFU growth (n = 42, 108.7% CFU-C, 104.6% CFU-GEMM, 107% CFU-GM, and 95.7% BFU-E). Long-term cultures on five paired samples before and after sedimentation generated similar numbers of CFU-C each week (p = 0.88). Limiting dilution analysis of 12 paired pre/postsedimentation samples showed comparable median proportions of LTC-ICs (1/6494 vs. 1/5236; p = 0.18). The cell viability of 24 samples of thawed UCB after sedimentation was 90.3 percent (77.5-96%) and the recovery of CFU-C, CFU-GEMM, CFU-GM, and BFU-E of 11 postsedimentation samples was 93.4 percent, 84.9 percent, 92.3 percent, and 83.4 percent, respectively. NC recovery was significantly higher after treatment with dextran than with ficoll-hypaque (n = 30; 88.5% vs. 29.1%; p<0.005) and HES treatment (n = 21; 88.5% vs. 76.4%; p = 0.004). However, MNCs, CD34+ cells, CFUs, LTC-ICs, and RBCs were comparable. Two cycles of dextran sedimentation recovered 93.9 percent of NCs with cell viability of 98.6 percent (96.5-100%), whereas 11.7 percent of RBCs were retained (n = 20). The final yield volume was 33.5 (28-41) mL. CONCLUSION In a semi-closed system, dextran sedimentation enabled volume reduction of UCB without significant quantitative and qualitative losses of HPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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