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Abstract
Phototherapy is a first-line option for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. Systematic reviews indicate near comparable efficacy of the different forms of phototherapy. Localized phototherapy can be an adjunctive treatment of recalcitrant plaques during systemic treatment of psoriasis. More than 200 psoralen-UV-A therapy treatment sessions is associated with an increased risk of keratinocytic cancers, whereas no increased risk has been demonstrated for narrow-band UV-B therapy. The mechanism of action of phototherapy in psoriasis is via inhibition of keratinocyte proliferation; induction of apoptosis in keratinocytes, dendritic, and T cells; and inhibition of Th1 and Th17 pathways, but activation of Th2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emoke Racz
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Errol P Prens
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
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Sproul CD, Mitchell DL, Rao S, Ibrahim JG, Kaufmann WK, Cordeiro-Stone M. Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer Density as a Predictive Biomarker of the Biological Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation in Normal Human Fibroblast. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 90:145-54. [PMID: 24148148 DOI: 10.1111/php.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study compared biological responses of normal human fibroblasts (NHF1) to three sources of ultraviolet radiation (UVR), emitting UVC wavelengths, UVB wavelengths, or a combination of UVA and UVB (solar simulator; emission spectrum, 94.3% UVA and 5.7% UVB). The endpoints measured were cytotoxicity, intra-S checkpoint activation, inhibition of DNA replication and mutagenicity. Results show that the magnitude of each response to the indicated radiation sources was best predicted by the density of DNA cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD). The density of 6-4 pyrimidine-pyrimidone photoproducts was highest in DNA from UVC-irradiated cells (14% of CPD) as compared to those exposed to UVB (11%) or UVA-UVB (7%). The solar simulator source, under the experimental conditions described here, did not induce the formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine in NHF1 above background levels. Taken together, these results suggest that CPD play a dominant role in DNA damage responses and highlight the importance of using endogenous biomarkers to compare and report biological effects induced by different sources of UVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Sproul
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - David L Mitchell
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park/Research Division, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Shangbang Rao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Joseph G Ibrahim
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - William K Kaufmann
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Marila Cordeiro-Stone
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Fernandez TL, Dawson RA, Van Lonkhuyzen DR, Kimlin MG, Upton Z. A tan in a test tube -in vitro models for investigating ultraviolet radiation-induced damage in skin. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:404-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01485.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Swalwell H, Latimer J, Haywood RM, Birch-Machin MA. Investigating the role of melanin in UVA/UVB- and hydrogen peroxide-induced cellular and mitochondrial ROS production and mitochondrial DNA damage in human melanoma cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:626-634. [PMID: 22178978 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer incidence is dramatically increasing worldwide, with exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) a predominant factor. The UVA component initiates oxidative stress in human skin, although its exact role in the initiation of skin cancer, particularly malignant melanoma, remains unclear and is controversial because there is evidence for a melanin-dependent mechanism in UVA-linked melanoma studies. Nonpigmented (CHL-1, A375), moderately pigmented (FM55, SKmel23), and highly pigmented (FM94, hyperpigmented FM55) human melanoma cell lines have been used to investigate UVA-induced production of reactive oxygen species using FACS analysis, at both the cellular (dihydrorhodamine-123) and the mitochondrial (MitoSOX) level, where most cellular stress is generated. For the first time, downstream mtDNA damage (utilizing a quantitative long-PCR assay) has been investigated. Using UVA, UVB, and H(2)O(2) as cellular stressors, we have explored the dual roles of melanin as a photoprotector and photosensitizer. The presence of melanin has no influence over cellular oxidative stress generation, whereas, in contrast, melanin protects against mitochondrial superoxide generation and mtDNA damage (one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey's analysis, P<0.001). We show that if melanin binds directly to DNA, it acts as a direct photosensitizer of mtDNA damage during UVA irradiation (P<0.001), providing evidence for the dual roles of melanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Swalwell
- Department of Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jennifer Latimer
- Department of Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Rachel M Haywood
- RAFT Leopold Muller Building, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex HA6 2RN, UK
| | - Mark A Birch-Machin
- Department of Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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Phototoxic effect of UVR on wild type, ebony and yellow mutants of Drosophila melanogaster: Life Span, fertility, courtship and biochemical aspects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 51:885-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-008-0085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Corre S, Mekideche K, Adamski H, Mosser J, Watier E, Galibert MD. In vivo and ex vivo UV-induced analysis of pigmentation gene expressions. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:916-8. [PMID: 16470174 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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