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Wolff A, Northoff G. Temporal imprecision of phase coherence in schizophrenia and psychosis-dynamic mechanisms and diagnostic marker. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:425-438. [PMID: 38228893 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex disorder in which various pathophysiological models have been postulated. Brain imaging studies using EEG/MEG and fMRI show altered amplitude and, more recently, decrease in phase coherence in response to external stimuli. What are the dynamic mechanisms of such phase incoherence, and can it serve as a differential-diagnostic marker? Addressing this gap in our knowledge, we uniquely combine a review of previous findings, novel empirical data, and computational-dynamic simulation. The main findings are: (i) the review shows decreased phase coherence in SCZ across a variety of different tasks and frequencies, e.g., task- and frequency-unspecific, which is further supported by our own novel data; (ii) our own data demonstrate diagnostic specificity of decreased phase coherence for SCZ as distinguished from major depressive disorder; (iii) simulation data exhibit increased phase offset in SCZ leading to a precision index, in the millisecond range, of the phase coherence relative to the timing of the external stimulus. Together, we demonstrate the key role of temporal imprecision in phase coherence of SCZ, including its mechanisms (phase offsets, precision index) on the basis of which we propose a phase-based temporal imprecision model of psychosis (PTP). The PTP targets a deeper dynamic layer of a basic disturbance. This converges well with other models of psychosis like the basic self-disturbance and time-space experience changes, as discussed in phenomenological and spatiotemporal psychopathology, as well as with the models of aberrant predictive coding and disconnection as in computational psychiatry. Finally, our results show that temporal imprecision as manifest in decreased phase coherence is a promising candidate biomarker for clinical differential diagnosis of SCZ, and more broadly, psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Wolff
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada.
| | - Georg Northoff
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada.
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Yamagata M, Kobayashi T, Maekaku K, Tanoue R, Shimizu K, Kimura T. Subthreshold electrical stimulation with pink noise enhances feedback control as evaluated by scaling exponent of postural sway. Neurosci Lett 2023; 799:137102. [PMID: 36736533 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Subthreshold somatosensory stimulation with pink noise has been shown to attenuate postural sway better than stimulation with white noise. This might be due to the different frequency structures of the noise signals. However, their effects on the underlying somatosensory feedback pathway are still unknown. Thus, we aimed to determine whether pink noise enhances the somatosensory feedback pathway more effectively than other noises with different frequency structures, such as white and red noises. Sixteen young adults stood quietly for 65 s under four stimulation conditions: no stimulation and stimulations with white-, pink-, and red-noise-like signals. Based on a stabilogram-diffusion analysis, we calculated the long-term diffusion coefficient and scaling exponent in the radial direction to evaluate the effects of these noise signals on their somatosensory feedback control. The root mean square (CoPRMS) and mean velocity of the foot center of pressure were also computed to assess the amount of postural sway. The results showed that the stimulation condition had a significant effect on the scaling exponent, with the value under the pink-noise-like signal significantly lower than that under the no-stimulation condition. We also found that among the participants, the percentage of reduction in CoPRMS by the pink-noise-like signal was positively correlated with the CoPRMS value under the no-stimulation condition. Altogether, the somatosensory feedback control for balancing for quiet standing posture was improved by pink noise, and its effect on the variability of postural sway correlated with inherent postural sway variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Yamagata
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, 18-89 Uyama Higashimachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1136, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Takuma Kobayashi
- Faculty of Global Human Sciences, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kei Maekaku
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryota Tanoue
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kaisei Shimizu
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kimura
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Yamagata M, Okada S, Tsujioka Y, Takayama A, Shiozawa N, Kimura T. Effects of subthreshold electrical stimulation with white noise, pink noise, and chaotic signals on postural control during quiet standing. Gait Posture 2022; 94:39-44. [PMID: 35240552 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stochastic resonance (SR) phenomenon has been used to improve postural control through the application of imperceptible noise to the somatosensory system. White noise signals have been applied in numerous SR studies on postural control. However, because the SR effect depends on the noise structure, the stimulation effects of signals with different structures, such as pink noise and chaotic signals, on postural control, must be determined to achieve better clinical applications of SR technology. RESEARCH QUESTION During quiet standing, how is postural control affected by subthreshold electrical stimulation to the knee joints when signals with different structures (white noise, pink noise, and chaotic signals) are used? METHODS Sixteen healthy young adults stood quietly for 40 s with their eyes closed. To evaluate postural sway, we calculated the mean velocity, root mean square (CoPRMS), and range (CoPRange) values for the center of pressure (CoP) in the anteroposterior direction. The standing task was conducted under subthreshold electrical stimulation with white noise, pink noise, and chaotic signals based on the Lorenz system, in addition to the no-stimulation condition. The four stimulation conditions were randomized within each set and repeated seven times. RESULTS Significant effects of stimulation were observed in the CoPRMS and CoPRange values. The CoPRMS value under the pink noise signal was significantly lower than that under the no-stimulation condition. The CoPRange value also tended to decrease under the pink noise signal compared with the no-stimulation condition; however, the differences were not statistically significant. No significant changes were found with the white noise and chaotic signals compared with the no-stimulation condition. SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrated that the pink noise signal was more effective in reducing postural sway than the white noise and chaotic signals based on the Lorenz system during quiet standing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Yamagata
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Shima Okada
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yukiho Tsujioka
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Arisa Takayama
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Naruhiro Shiozawa
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kimura
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Meade ZS, Likens AD, Kent JA, Takahashi KZ, Wurdeman SR, Jacobsen AL, Hernandez ME, Stergiou N. Subthreshold Vibration Influences Standing Balance but Has Unclear Impact on Somatosensation in Persons With Transtibial Amputations. Front Physiol 2022; 13:810079. [PMID: 35185618 PMCID: PMC8847287 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.810079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stochastic resonance has been successfully used to improve human movement when using subthreshold vibration. Recent work has shown promise in improving mobility in individuals with unilateral lower limb amputations. Furthering this work, we present an investigation of two different signal structures in the use of stochastic resonance to improve mobility in individuals with unilateral lower limb amputations. Cutaneous somatosensation and standing balance measures using spatial and temporal analysis were assessed. There were no differences in the somatosensation measures, but differences in the temporal characteristics of the standing measures were seen with the various vibration structures when compared to no vibration, one of which suggesting mass may play an important role in determining who may or may not benefit from this intervention. Stochastic resonance employed with subthreshold vibration influences mobility in individuals with unilateral amputations, but the full direction and extent of influence is yet to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S. Meade
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Aaron D. Likens
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jenny A. Kent
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Kota Z. Takahashi
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Shane R. Wurdeman
- Clinical and Scientific Affairs, Hanger Clinic, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Adam L. Jacobsen
- Prosthetics and Sensory Aids, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Manuel E. Hernandez
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Nick Stergiou
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Nick Stergiou,
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Wolff A, Gomez-Pilar J, Zhang J, Choueiry J, de la Salle S, Knott V, Northoff G. It's in the Timing: Reduced Temporal Precision in Neural Activity of Schizophrenia. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:3441-3456. [PMID: 34875019 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of perception and cognition in schizophrenia (SCZ) show neuronal background noise (ongoing activity) to intermittently overwhelm the processing of external stimuli. This increased noise, relative to the activity evoked by the stimulus, results in temporal imprecision and higher variability of behavioral responses. What, however, are the neural correlates of temporal imprecision in SCZ behavior? We first report a decrease in electroencephalography signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in two SCZ datasets and tasks in the broadband (1-80 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), and alpha (8-13 Hz) bands. SCZ participants also show lower inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC)-consistency over trials in the phase of the signal-in theta. From these ITPC results, we varied phase offsets in a computational simulation, which illustrated phase-based temporal desynchronization. This modeling also provided a necessary link to our results and showed decreased neural synchrony in SCZ in both datasets and tasks when compared with healthy controls. Finally, we showed that reduced SNR and ITPC are related and showed a relationship to temporal precision on the behavioral level, namely reaction times. In conclusion, we demonstrate how temporal imprecision in SCZ neural activity-reduced relative signal strength and phase coherence-mediates temporal imprecision on the behavioral level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Wolff
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Javier Gomez-Pilar
- Biomedical Engineering Group, Higher Technical School of Telecommunications Engineering, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Joelle Choueiry
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Sara de la Salle
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Verner Knott
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Georg Northoff
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada.,Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
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