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Kim N, Han K, Su PC, Kim I, Yoon YJ. A rotationally focused flow (RFF) microfluidic biosensor by density difference for early-stage detectable diagnosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9277. [PMID: 33927298 PMCID: PMC8085145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Label-free optical biosensors have received tremendous attention in point-of-care testing, especially in the emerging pandemic, COVID-19, since they advance toward early-detection, rapid, real-time, ease-of-use, and low-cost paradigms. Protein biomarkers testings require less sample modification process compared to nucleic-acid biomarkers'. However, challenges always are in detecting low-concentration for early-stage diagnosis. Here we present a Rotationally Focused Flow (RFF) method to enhance sensitivity(wavelength shift) of label-free optical sensors by increasing the detection probability of protein-based molecules. The RFF is structured by adding a less-dense fluid to focus the target-fluid in a T-shaped microchannel. It is integrated with label-free silicon microring resonators interacting with biotin-streptavidin. The suggested mechanism has demonstrated 0.19 fM concentration detection along with a significant magnitudes sensitivity enhancement compared to single flow methods. Verified by both CFD simulations and fluorescent flow-experiments, this study provides a promising proof-of-concept platform for next-generation lab-on-a-chip bioanalytics such as ultrafast and early-detection of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noori Kim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Newcastle University in Singapore, 172A Ang Mo Kio Avenue 8, 05-01 SIT@NYP Building, Singapore, 567739, Singapore
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Kyungsup Han
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Pei-Chen Su
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Insup Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Yoon
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
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2
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Sun A, Phelps T, Yao C, Venkatesh AG, Conrad D, Hall DA. Smartphone-Based pH Sensor for Home Monitoring of Pulmonary Exacerbations in Cystic Fibrosis. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17061245. [PMID: 28556804 PMCID: PMC5491989 DOI: 10.3390/s17061245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently, Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients lack the ability to track their lung health at home, relying instead on doctor checkups leading to delayed treatment and lung damage. By leveraging the ubiquity of the smartphone to lower costs and increase portability, a smartphone-based peripheral pH measurement device was designed to attach directly to the headphone port to harvest power and communicate with a smartphone application. This platform was tested using prepared pH buffers and sputum samples from CF patients. The system matches within ~0.03 pH of a benchtop pH meter while fully powering itself and communicating with a Samsung Galaxy S3 smartphone paired with either a glass or Iridium Oxide (IrOx) electrode. The IrOx electrodes were found to have 25% higher sensitivity than the glass probes at the expense of larger drift and matrix sensitivity that can be addressed with proper calibration. The smartphone-based platform has been demonstrated as a portable replacement for laboratory pH meters, and supports both highly robust glass probes and the sensitive and miniature IrOx electrodes with calibration. This tool can enable more frequent pH sputum tracking for CF patients to help detect the onset of pulmonary exacerbation to provide timely and appropriate treatment before serious damage occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Tom Phelps
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Chengyang Yao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - A G Venkatesh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Douglas Conrad
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Drew A Hall
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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3
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Masarik M, Gumulec J, Sztalmachova M, Hlavna M, Babula P, Krizkova S, Ryvolova M, Jurajda M, Sochor J, Adam V, Kizek R. Isolation of metallothionein from cells derived from aggressive form of high-grade prostate carcinoma using paramagnetic antibody-modified microbeads off-line coupled with electrochemical and electrophoretic analysis. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:3576-88. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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4
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Anandakumar S, Rani VS, Oh S, Sinha B, Takahashi M, Kim C. Translocation of bio-functionalized magnetic beads using smart magnetophoresis. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 26:1755-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Aledealat K, Mihajlović G, Chen K, Field M, Sullivan GJ, Xiong P, Chase PB, von Molnár S. Dynamic micro-Hall detection of superparamagnetic beads in a microfluidic channel. JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS 2010; 322:L69-L72. [PMID: 21655331 PMCID: PMC3108004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We report integration of an InAs quantum well micro-Hall magnetic sensor with microfluidics and real-time detection of moving superparamagnetic beads. Beads moving within and around the Hall cross area result in positive and negative Hall voltage signals respectively. Relative magnitudes and polarities of the signals measured for a random distribution of immobilized beads over the sensor are in good agreement with calculated values and explain consistently the shape of the dynamic signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aledealat
- Department of Physics and MARTECH, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
- Corresponding author. (K. Aledealat)
| | - G Mihajlović
- San Jose Research Center, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, San Jose CA, 95135, United States
| | - K Chen
- Department of Physics and MARTECH, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - M Field
- Teledyne Scientific Company LLC, Thousand Oaks, CA 90360, United States
| | - G J Sullivan
- Teledyne Scientific Company LLC, Thousand Oaks, CA 90360, United States
| | - P Xiong
- Department of Physics and MARTECH, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
- Integrative NanoScience Institute, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - P B Chase
- Integrative NanoScience Institute, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - S von Molnár
- Department of Physics and MARTECH, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
- Integrative NanoScience Institute, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
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6
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Skottrup PD, Hansen MF, Lange JM, Deryabina M, Svendsen WE, Jakobsen MH, Dufva M. Superparamagnetic bead interactions with functionalized surfaces characterized by an immunomicroarray. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:3936-46. [PMID: 20417734 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Magneto-resistive sensors capable of detecting superparamagnetic micro-/nano-sized beads are promising alternatives to standard diagnostic assays based on absorbance or fluorescence and streptavidin-functionalized beads are widely used as an integral part of these sensors. Here we have developed an immunomicroarray for systematic studies of the binding properties of 10 different micro-/nano-sized streptavidin-functionalized beads to a biotin substrate immobilized on SiO(2) with or without surface modification. SiO(2) surface cleaning, immobilized substrate concentration and surface blocking conditions were optimized. Polyethylene glycol-based surfaces with different end groups on the anchor molecule, 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TsT), were synthesized and compared with the standard (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTS)/glutaraldehyde chemistry. APTS/glutaraldehyde, directly linked TsT and bare H(2)O(2)-activated SiO(2) performed better than polyethylene glycol-modified surfaces. Two beads, Masterbeads and M-280 beads, were found to give superior results compared with other bead types. Antibody/antigen interactions, illustrated by C-reactive protein, were best performed with Masterbeads. The results provide important information concerning the surface binding properties of streptavidin-functionalized beads and the immunomicroarray can be used when optimizing the performance of bead-based biosensors.
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7
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Gijs MAM, Lacharme F, Lehmann U. Microfluidic applications of magnetic particles for biological analysis and catalysis. Chem Rev 2010; 110:1518-63. [PMID: 19961177 DOI: 10.1021/cr9001929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin A M Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne EPFL, Switzerland.
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8
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Kim HS, Son OT, Kim KH, Kim SH, Maeng S, Jung HI. Separation of apoptotic cells using a microfluidic device. Biotechnol Lett 2007; 29:1659-63. [PMID: 17628753 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-007-9451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Revised: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive microfluidic device has been developed to separate apoptotic cells. Apoptotic Jurkat cells were selectively labeled with magnetic beads (0.8 microm diam) using the C2A protein which recognizes phosphatidylserine. The cell mixture was flowed through a microfluidic channel and apoptotic cells were separated by a 0.3 T permanent magnet. Separations using our device showed 96% agreement with those of a commercial flow cytometer, indicating our device can be used to sort apoptotic cells in a miniaturized system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seok Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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9
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de Boer BM, Kahlman JAHM, Jansen TPGH, Duric H, Veen J. An integrated and sensitive detection platform for magneto-resistive biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:2366-70. [PMID: 17084072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Revised: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 09/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A compact biosensor platform with giant magneto-resistive (GMR) sensors suited for the detection of superparamagnetic nanoparticle labels is presented. The platform consist of disposable biosensor cartridges and an electronic reader, which enables quantitative detection with high analytical performance, combined with robustness, ease of use and at low cost. In order to optimise the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), magnetic labels are excited at high frequency. Wires, integrated in the silicon of the sensor chip are used to generate a well-defined magnetic field on the sensor surface, thus removing the need for mechanical alignment with external apparatus. A signal modulation scheme is applied to obtain optimal detection accuracy. The platform is scalable and can be adapted according to application-specific requirements. Experimental results indicate that three beads of 300 nm diameter can be detected on a sensor surface of 1500 microm2 for a measurement time of 1s.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M de Boer
- Biomedical Sensor Systems, Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Piedade M, Sousa LA, de Almeida TM, Germano J, da Costa BD, Lemos JM, Freitas PP, Ferreira HA, Cardoso FA. A New Hand-Held Microsystem Architecture for Biological Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1109/tcsi.2006.884420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Sandhu A, Kumagai Y, Lapicki A, Sakamoto S, Abe M, Handa H. High efficiency Hall effect micro-biosensor platform for detection of magnetically labeled biomolecules. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:2115-20. [PMID: 17055242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2006] [Revised: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Detection of magnetically labeled biomolecules using micro-Hall biosensors is a promising method for monitoring biomolecular recognition processes. The measurement efficiency of standard systems is limited by the time taken for magnetic beads to reach the sensing area of the Hall devices. Here, micro-current lines were integrated with Hall effect structures to manipulate the position of magnetic beads via field gradients generated by localized currents flowing in the current lines. Beads were accumulated onto the sensor surface within seconds of passing currents through the current lines. Real-time detection of magnetic beads using current lines integrated with Hall biosensors was achieved. These results are promising in establishing Hall biosensor platforms as efficient and inexpensive means of monitoring biomolecular reactions for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Sandhu
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Research Center S-9-6, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
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