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Sun Y, Gong J, Li Z, Han L, Sun D. Gallbladder cancer: surgical treatment, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Postgrad Med 2024; 136:278-291. [PMID: 38635593 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2024.2345585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer is a common type of biliary tract tumor. Optimal management for early stage cases typically involves radical excision as the primary treatment modality. Various surgical techniques, including laparoscopic, robotic, and navigational surgery, have demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes in radical gallbladder excision. Unfortunately, most patients are ineligible for surgical intervention because of the advanced stage of the disease upon diagnosis. Consequently, non-surgical interventions, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, have become the mainstay of treatment for patients in advanced stages. This review focuses on elucidating various surgical techniques as well as advancements in immunotherapy and targeted therapy in the context of recent advancements in gallbladder cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Armed Police Corps Hospital of Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Junfeng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, The Armed Police Corps Hospital of Anhui, Hefei, China
| | | | - Lin Han
- Department of General Surgery, The Armed Police Corps Hospital of Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Dengqun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Armed Police Corps Hospital of Anhui, Hefei, China
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Oh J, Jang H, Koh HR, Ham SW. Transport Mechanism for Nuclear Localization of Irradiation-Activated EGFR Measured by Single-Molecule Pull-Down Assay. Biochemistry 2023; 62:971-975. [PMID: 36744831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear transport of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is considered to be a key cause of radiation resistance in cancer therapy. Here, we showed that irradiation-activated EGFR binds to the nuclear transport protein karyopherin alpha (KPNA) rather than karyopherin subunit beta 1 (KPNB1), through a single-molecule pull-down assay, which allows measurement of the binding affinity by single proteins in cell lysate without an additional purification step. We also obtained kinetic parameters for the binding between the phosphorylated nuclear localization signal (NLS) peptide of EGFR (645RRRHIVRKRpTLRR657) and KPNA. This observation may help developing small molecules to modulate nuclear transport, which potentially reduces the radiation resistance during irradiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ran Koh
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Wook Ham
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Ma X, Ren H, Zhang Y, Wang B, Ma H. LncRNA RHPN1-AS1 inhibition induces autophagy and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via the miR-7-5p/EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:3013-3027. [PMID: 36125241 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
LncRNA RHPN1-AS1 (RHPN1-AS1) has been confirmed to promote tumor progression in multiple cancers and is upregulated in prostate cancer (PCa), but whether it has an effect on PCa progression remains unclear. In this study, we found that PCa patients with high RHPN1-AS1 expression had a shorter survival time, and RHPN1-AS1 was significantly upregulated in PCa tissues and cells. Based on informatics analysis we predicted that miR-7-5p binds to 3'UTR of RHPN1-AS1 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and verified it by luciferase reporter gene assay. Subsequently, we transfected PCa cells with RHPN1-AS1 overexpression vector (RHPN1-AS1), knockdown plasmids (sh-RHPN1-AS1) and/or miR-7-5p mimics or inhibitor and/or overexpression vector (EGFR) or small interfering RNA of EGFR (si-EGFR) or its control, and found that overexpression of RHPN1-AS1 inhibited miR-7-5p expression and promoted EGFR expression, silencing RHPN1-AS1 inhibited proliferation and invasion, and induced G2/M arrest, apoptosis and autophagy in PCa cells. 3MA (an inhibitor of autophagy)-mediated autophagy inhibition attenuated RHPN1-AS1 inhibition-induced apoptosis. Overexpression miR-7-5p or silencing EGFR promoted LC3-I to LC3-II conversion, enhanced autophagy activity, induced cleaved-caspase-3 expression and apoptosis in PCa cells. Furthermore, overexpression of RHPN1-AS1 promoted phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT and mTOR, inhibited LC3-I to LC3-II conversion and reduced apoptosis in PCa cells, while GSK2126458 (an inhibitor of PI3K) reversed the effect of RHPN1-AS1 on PCa cells. In summary, RHPN1-AS1 acted as a ceRNA of miR-7-5p to upregulate EGFR expression, silencing RHPN1-AS1 suppressed PCa tumor progression by inducing autophagy and apoptosis in PCa cells through the miR-7-5p/EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulong Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
| | - Hongtao Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
| | - Hongbing Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
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Alharbi KS, Javed Shaikh MA, Afzal O, Alfawaz Altamimi AS, Almalki WH, Alzarea SI, Kazmi I, Al-Abbasi FA, Singh SK, Dua K, Gupta G. An overview of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors in cancer therapy. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 366:110108. [PMID: 36027944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), a transmembrane receptor on the cell surface, carries extracellular messages into the cell and alters the activity of the nucleus through tyrosine signalling. EGFR-targeted treatments have influenced the new era of precision oncology throughout the last few decades. Despite significant progress, long-term remission from solid tumours is still a distant goal for many oncologists. There are several methods by which tumour cells alter the activity of this protein in solid tumours. EGFR-related oncogenic pathways, resistance mechanisms, and novel avenues to suppress tumour development and metastatic spread were discovered in clinical specimens using preclinical models (cell cultures, xenografts, mouse models), which were then validated in those specimens. EGFR has been implicated in the onset and advancement of a variety of cancers, according to research. An overview of EGFR's structural anatomy and physiology, its role in cancers, and clinical studies that target EGFR in various tumours are included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Saad Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
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Comprehensive analysis of NGS and ARMS-PCR for detecting EGFR mutations based on 4467 cases of NSCLC patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:321-330. [PMID: 34693477 PMCID: PMC8800890 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03818-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND By comparing the detection rate and type of targeted gene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between amplification refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS), the characteristics and application advantages of non-small cell lung cancer detection are explained, providing a basis for clinicians to effectively select the corresponding detection methods. METHODS AND MATERIALS The cases of targeted genes for lung cancer were selected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2016 to October 2020. A sample of 4467 cases was selected, and they were diagnosed with NSCLC by Pathological biopsy. Sample sources include surgical resection, bronchoscope biopsy, metastatic biopsy, blood, sputum, cytology of pleural effusion. Among them, 3665 cases were detected by ARMS-PCR technique, and 802 cases were detected by NGS technology. The detection rate and type of ARMS-PCR and NGS techniques for EGFR gene mutations (including exon 18, exon 19, exon 20, exon 21 and so on) in different NSCLC samples were compared, respectively. RESULTS The total mutation rate of EGFR gene detected by ARMS-PCR was 47.6% while 42.4% detected by NGS which indicated that there was a significant difference between the two methods in detecting total mutation of EGFR gene (P < 0.001). In different exons, the EGFR mutation rate detected by two methods is various. The mutation rate of exon 19 by ARMS-PCR detection was evidently higher than that of NGS detection, while the mutation rate of exons 20 and 21 by ARMS-PCR detection were statistically significantly lower than that of NGS detection. Moreover, the multiple mutation rate detected by NGS was 16.3% which was much higher than the 2.7% detected by ARMS-PCR with statistically different. CONCLUSION It showed that NGS could direct the drug use for the resistant patients. However, some rare loci could be detected by NGS but the importance and directed meaning are still unknown and the number of rare mutations is rare too. Further research on new biomarkers and technique is still needed for early diagnosis, directing drug use and assessing the therapy prognosis.
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Chautard R, Corset L, Ibrahim S, Desvignes C, Paintaud G, Baroukh N, Guéguinou M, Lecomte T, Raoul W. Panitumumab and cetuximab affect differently miRNA expression in colorectal cancer cells. Biomark Med 2021; 15:685-696. [PMID: 34169732 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aim: Resistance to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is frequent and prognostic biomarkers are lacking. MicroRNAs (miR) are good candidates in this context. We aimed to characterize cetuximab and panitumumab exposure influence on miR expression in colorectal cancer cells to identify those regulating the EGFR pathway and implicated in resistance to treatment. Finally, we aimed to identify miR expression in serum of patients with advanced CRC treated with cetuximab or panitumumab. Results: Cetuximab and panitumumab exposure induced significant expression variations of 17 miR out of a miRnome panel of 752. Six of those miR interacted with at least one downstream element of the EGFR pathway. Conclusion: After the bioinformatics two-phase process, five miR rarely described before could be potential actors of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody resistance: miR-95-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-145-5p, miR-429 and miR-1247-5p. In vivo, we detected the expression of miR-139-5p and miR-145-5p in serum of patients with metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Chautard
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology & Digestive Oncology, CHRU de Tours, France
- Université de Tours, EA 7501, GICC, France
| | - Laetitia Corset
- Université de Tours, EA 7501, GICC, France
- CNRS ERL 7001 LNOx, Université de Tours, France
| | | | - Céline Desvignes
- CHRU de Tours, Centre Pilote de suivi Biologique des traitements par Anticorps (CePiBAc), Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Tours, EA 4245 T2I, France
| | - Gilles Paintaud
- CHRU de Tours, Centre Pilote de suivi Biologique des traitements par Anticorps (CePiBAc), Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Tours, EA 4245 T2I, France
| | | | | | - Thierry Lecomte
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology & Digestive Oncology, CHRU de Tours, France
- Université de Tours, EA 7501, GICC, France
| | - William Raoul
- Université de Tours, EA 7501, GICC, France
- Inserm UMR 1069, Nutrition Croissance et Cancer (N2C), Université de Tours, France
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Song X, Hu Y, Li Y, Shao R, Liu F, Liu Y. Overview of current targeted therapy in gallbladder cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:230. [PMID: 33028805 PMCID: PMC7542154 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is rare, but is the most malignant type of biliary tract tumor. Unfortunately, only a small population of cancer patients is acceptable for the surgical resection, the current effective regimen; thus, the high mortality rate has been static for decades. To substantially circumvent the stagnant scenario, a number of therapeutic approaches owing to the creation of advanced technologic measures (e.g., next-generation sequencing, transcriptomics, proteomics) have been intensively innovated, which include targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and nanoparticle-based delivery systems. In the current review, we primarily focus on the targeted therapy capable of specifically inhibiting individual key molecules that govern aberrant signaling cascades in GBC. Global clinical trials of targeted therapy in GBC are updated and may offer great value for novel pathologic and therapeutic insights of this deadly disease, ultimately improving the efficacy of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Song
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunping Hu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fatao Liu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
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Zheng HY, Wang HB, Shen FJ, Tong YQ, Yao Q, Qiao B, Sun S, Li Y. EGFR Gene Mutation and Methodological Evaluation in 399 Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:78-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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The Effect of Protein FAM172A on Proliferation in HepG2 Cells and Investigation of the Possible Molecular Mechanism. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2019; 2019:5901083. [PMID: 31915594 PMCID: PMC6930761 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5901083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In our previous study, we found that the FAM172A recombinant protein could promote proliferation of L02 cells. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of FAM172A on proliferation of HepG2 cells and exploring the possible molecular mechanisms and its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Western blot test was carried out to investigate the mechanism. Rabbit antibodies against FAM172A and membrane proteins isolated from lysate of HepG2 cell were coprecipitated and the resultant precipitates were analyzed by mass spectrum. Results The MTT assay showed that recombinant protein FAM172A isoform 1 (FAM172A-1) could induce HepG2 cell proliferation at the concentration of 10-100 ng/mL, while protein FAM172A isoform 3 (FAM172A-3) was at the concentration of 80-100 ng/mL. Western blot demonstrated that both FAM172A-1 and FAM172A-3 could activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/threonine-protein kinase (PI3K/Akt) pathway. Mass spectrum analysis suggested that there were some membrane proteins interacting with FAM172A. Several candidate interacting proteins might mediate proliferation signals induced by FAM172A recombinant protein, including seven membrane proteins. Conclusion In conclusion, FAM172A recombinant protein could induce proliferation of HepG2 cells, in which the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways might be involved. The role of FAM172A in HepG2 cell proliferation also indicated its possible involvement in HCC. The receptor of FAM172A on cells still needs to be exploited.
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