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Liu S, Jamali S, Liu Q, Maia J, Baek JB, Jiang N, Xu M, Dai L. Conformational Transitions of Polymer Brushes for Reversibly Switching Graphene Transistors. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Safa Jamali
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Joao Maia
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jong-Beom Baek
- School
of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable
Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Naisheng Jiang
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ming Xu
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Liming Dai
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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A new cellular automaton model for urban two-way road networks. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2014; 2014:685047. [PMID: 25435868 PMCID: PMC4236970 DOI: 10.1155/2014/685047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new cellular automaton (CA) model is proposed to simulate traffic dynamics in urban two-way road network systems. The NaSch rule is adopted to represent vehicle movements on road sections. Two novel rules are proposed to move the vehicles in intersection areas, and an additional rule is developed to avoid the “gridlock” phenomenon. Simulation results show that the network fundamental diagram is very similar to that of road traffic flow. We found that the randomization probability and the maximum vehicle speed have significant impact on network traffic mobility for free-flow state. Their effect may be weak when the network is congested.
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Optimization of the design of pre-signal system using improved cellular automaton. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2014; 2014:926371. [PMID: 25435871 PMCID: PMC4236971 DOI: 10.1155/2014/926371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The pre-signal system can improve the efficiency of intersection approach under rational design. One of the main obstacles in optimizing the design of pre-signal system is that driving behaviors in the sorting area cannot be well evaluated. The NaSch model was modified by considering slow probability, turning-deceleration rules, and lane changing rules. It was calibrated with field observed data to explore the interactions among design parameters. The simulation results of the proposed model indicate that the length of sorting area, traffic demand, signal timing, and lane allocation are the most important influence factors. The recommendations of these design parameters are demonstrated. The findings of this paper can be foundations for the design of pre-signal system and show promising improvement in traffic mobility.
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Characteristics of traffic flow at nonsignalized T-shaped intersection with U-turn movements. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:856416. [PMID: 23710152 PMCID: PMC3654260 DOI: 10.1155/2013/856416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Most nonsignalized T-shaped intersections permit U-turn movements, which make the traffic conditions of intersection complex. In this paper, a new cellular automaton (CA) model is proposed to characterize the traffic flow at the intersection of this type. In present CA model, new rules are designed to avoid the conflicts among different directional vehicles and eliminate the gridlock. Two kinds of performance measures (i.e., flux and average control delay) for intersection are compared. The impacts of U-turn movements are analyzed under different initial conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that (i) the average control delay is more practical than flux in measuring the performance of intersection, (ii) U-turn movements increase the range and degree of high congestion, and (iii) U-turn movements on the different direction of main road have asymmetrical influences on the traffic conditions of intersection.
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Li Y, Sun D. Microscopic car-following model for the traffic flow: the state of the art. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11768-012-9221-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rissanou AN, Anastasiadis SH, Bitsanis IA. A Monte Carlo study of the coil-to-globule transition of model polymer chains near an attractive surface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cho JHJ, Smith GS, Hamilton WA, Mulder DJ, Kuhl TL, Mays J. Surface force confinement cell for neutron reflectometry studies of complex fluids under nanoconfinement. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:103908. [PMID: 19044730 DOI: 10.1063/1.3005483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the construction of a new neutron surface force confinement cell (NSFCC). The NSFCC is equipped with hydraulically powered in situ, temporally stable, force control system for simultaneous neutron reflectometry studies of nanoconfined complex fluid systems. Test measurements with deuterated toluene confined between two opposing diblock copolymer (polystyrene+poly 2-vinylpyridine) coated quartz substrates demonstrate the capabilities of the NSFCC. With increasing hydraulically applied force, a series of well-defined decreasing separations were observed from neutron reflectivity measurements. No noticeable changes in the hydraulic pressure used for controlling the surface separation were observed during the measurements, demonstrating the high stability of the apparatus. This newly designed NSFCC introduces a higher level of control for studies of confinement and consequent finite size effects on nanoscale structure in a variety of complex fluid and soft condensed matter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hie J Cho
- Neutron Scattering Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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Lehner R, Koota J, Maret G, Gisler T. Segment distributions of end-tethered polymers in a good solvent. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:107801. [PMID: 16605791 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.107801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We use confocal fluorescence microscopy to study the conformation of single DNA molecules end-tethered to a solid substrate. The segment distribution rho(z) measured for chains with contour lengths 15.4 microm <or= L <or= 59.4 microm as a function of the distance from the substrate can be scaled onto a master curve depending only on the scaled distance z/R(g), in quantitative agreement with theoretical predictions for end-tethered polymers in a good solvent. The scaling of the radius of gyration R(g) approximately L(0.57+/-0.05) shows the presence of excluded-volume interactions between the charged DNA segments. Independent measurements of R(g) from end-segment distributions are in good agreement with values obtained from the segment distributions and provide evidence that the radius of gyration of end-tethered chains in a good solvent is identical to that of the free chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lehner
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Abstract
In cycling and orienteering competitions, competitors can become bunched into packs, which may mask an individual's true ability. Here we model this process with a view to determining when competitors' times are determined more by others than by their own ability. Our results may prove useful in helping to stage events so that pack formation can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Ackland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK.
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Knospe W, Santen L, Schadschneider A, Schreckenberg M. Towards a realistic microscopic description of highway traffic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/33/48/103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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11
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Dai L, Mau AWH. Surface and Interface Control of Polymeric Biomaterials, Conjugated Polymers, and Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9926793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Dai
- CSIRO Molecular Science, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Albert W. H. Mau
- CSIRO Molecular Science, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
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Sabouri-Ghomi M, Ispolatov S, Grant M. Molecular weight effects on chain pull-out fracture of reinforced polymeric interfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1999; 60:4460-4. [PMID: 11970300 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.60.4460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/1999] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Using Brownian dynamics, we simulate the fracture of polymer interfaces reinforced by diblock connector chains. We consider the mushroom regime, where connector chains are grafted with low surface density, for the case of large pulling velocities. We find that for short chains the interface fracture toughness depends linearly on the degree of polymerization N of the connector chains, while for longer chains the dependence becomes N(3/2). Based on the geometry of the initial chain configuration, we propose a scaling argument that accounts for both short and long chain limits and the crossover between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sabouri-Ghomi
- Physics Department and Center for the Physics of Materials, Rutherford Building, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
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DAI LIMING. Conjugated and Fullerene-Containing Polymers for Electronic and Photonic Applications: Advanced Syntheses and Microlithographic Fabrications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1081/mc-100101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Anastassopoulos DL, Vradis AA, Toprakcioglu C, Smith GS, Dai L. Neutron Reflectivity Study of End-Attached Telechelic Polymers in a Good Solvent. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma980379y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. L. Anastassopoulos
- University of Patras, Department of Physics, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece, FORTH, P.O. Box 1527, GR 711 10, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, and CSIRO, Division of Chemicals and polymers, Private Bag 1D, Rosebank MDC, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - A. A. Vradis
- University of Patras, Department of Physics, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece, FORTH, P.O. Box 1527, GR 711 10, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, and CSIRO, Division of Chemicals and polymers, Private Bag 1D, Rosebank MDC, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - C. Toprakcioglu
- University of Patras, Department of Physics, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece, FORTH, P.O. Box 1527, GR 711 10, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, and CSIRO, Division of Chemicals and polymers, Private Bag 1D, Rosebank MDC, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - G. S. Smith
- University of Patras, Department of Physics, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece, FORTH, P.O. Box 1527, GR 711 10, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, and CSIRO, Division of Chemicals and polymers, Private Bag 1D, Rosebank MDC, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - L. Dai
- University of Patras, Department of Physics, GR 26 500, Patras, Greece, FORTH, P.O. Box 1527, GR 711 10, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, LANSCE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, and CSIRO, Division of Chemicals and polymers, Private Bag 1D, Rosebank MDC, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
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Adamuţi‐Trache M, McMullen WE, Douglas JF. Segmental concentration profiles of end‐tethered polymers with excluded‐volume and surface interactions. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.472991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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From isolated coils to brushes of poly(ethylene oxide) grafted on silica: a spin-labelling study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0927-7757(96)03516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kent MS, Lee LT, Factor BJ, Rondelez F, Smith GS. Tethered chains in good solvent conditions: An experimental study involving Langmuir diblock copolymer monolayers. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.469707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Weinhold JD, Kumar SK. Monte Carlo simulations of end‐grafted polymer matrices under poor solvent conditions. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.467481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Factor BJ, Lee LT, Kent MS, Rondelez F. Observation of chain stretching in Langmuir diblock copolymer monolayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1993; 48:R2354-R2357. [PMID: 9960974 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.48.r2354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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