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Bailly C, Beignet J, Loirand G, Sauzeau V. Rac1 as a therapeutic anticancer target: Promises and limitations. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115180. [PMID: 35853497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors of GTPases are increasingly considered for the treatment of multiple human pathologies. The GTPase Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) plays major roles in vital cellular processes, notably in the control cell motility and dynamic, the regulation of oxidative stress, and in inflammatory and immune surveillance. As such, Rac1 is viewed as a potential target to combat cancers but also diverse inflammatory, metabolic, neurodegenerative, respiratory, cardiovascular, viral, and parasitic diseases. Potent and selective Rac1 inhibitors have been identified and designed, such as compounds GYS32661 and MBQ-167 both in preclinical development for the treatment of advanced solid tumors. The pleiotropic roles and ubiquitous expression of the protein can be viewed as limitations for anticancer approaches. However, the frequent overexpression and/or hyperactivation of the Rac1 in difficult-to-treat chemoresistant cancers, make Rac1 an attractive target in oncology. The key roles of Rac1 in multiple cellular pathways, together with its major implications in carcinogenesis, tumor proliferation and metastasis, support the development of small molecule inhibitors. The challenge is high and the difficulty shall not be underestimated, but the target is innovative and promising in combination with chemo- and/or immuno-therapy. Opportunities and challenges associated with the targeting of Rac1 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- OncoWitan, Scientific Consulting Office, Lille (Wasquehal), 59290, France.
| | - Julien Beignet
- SATT Ouest Valorisation, 30 boulevard Vincent Gâche, CS 70211, 44202 Nantes cedex, France
| | - Gervaise Loirand
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Vincent Sauzeau
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
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Calvayrac O, Pradines A, Mazières J, Favre G. [The Ras-related GTPase RhoB, a relevant actor in the adaptive resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in lung cancers]. Med Sci (Paris) 2018; 34:12-14. [PMID: 29384086 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20183401003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Calvayrac
- Inserm U1037, centre de recherches en cancérologie de Toulouse, université Paul Sabatier, F-31057, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Pradines
- Inserm U1037, centre de recherches en cancérologie de Toulouse, université Paul Sabatier, F-31057, Toulouse, France - Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut universitaire du cancer-oncopole, F-31057, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Mazières
- Inserm U1037, centre de recherches en cancérologie de Toulouse, université Paul Sabatier, F-31057, Toulouse, France - CHU de Toulouse, Institut universitaire du cancer - Rangueil Larrey, F-31057, Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Favre
- Inserm U1037, centre de recherches en cancérologie de Toulouse, université Paul Sabatier, F-31057, Toulouse, France - Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut universitaire du cancer-oncopole, F-31057, Toulouse, France
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Charbonnier A, Sannier G, Dupré S. [Mission phagocytosis: how to fit the weapons to the target size]. Med Sci (Paris) 2016; 32:587-9. [PMID: 27406768 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20163206021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gérémy Sannier
- M1 Biologie Santé, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Dupré
- Laboratoire de chimie physique, UMR8000, CNRS, université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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Lebreton L, Tuffigo M, Pillois X, Fiore M. [New perspectives on the role of αIIbβ3 integrin in defective megakaryopoiesis]. Med Sci (Paris) 2016; 32:290-6. [PMID: 27011248 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20163203014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in platelet production (megakaryopoiesis) has extremely increased, thanks to the study of genetic diseases causing inherited thrombocytopenia. Among the wide variety of transmembrane receptors covering the platelet membrane, αIIbβ3 integrin is the major one, allowing platelets to aggregate upon the occurrence of vascular breach. Platelet counts are usually normal in patients with αIIbβ3 deficiency, suggesting that its role for normal platelet production and morphology is very limited. However, recently, new clinical observations of genetic diseases provided evidence against this hypothesis, bringing new data on the role of αIIbβ3 integrin in defective megakaryopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Lebreton
- Université Victor Segalen, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Tuffigo
- Université Victor Segalen, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33000, Bordeaux, France - Laboratoire d'hématologie, CHU de Bordeaux, avenue Magellan, 33604, Pessac, France
| | - Xavier Pillois
- Centre de référence des pathologies plaquettaires, avenue Magellan, 33604, Pessac, France
| | - Mathieu Fiore
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, CHU de Bordeaux, avenue Magellan, 33604, Pessac, France - Centre de référence des pathologies plaquettaires, avenue Magellan, 33604, Pessac, France
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Reffay M, Parrini MC, Cochet-Escartin O, Ladoux B, Buguin A, Coscoy S, Amblard F, Camonis J, Silberzan P. Migration collective : un partage des tâches entre cellulesleaderset coordination supracellulaire. Med Sci (Paris) 2014; 30:736-8. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20143008007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Dubrez L, Marivin A, Berthelet J. IAP et Rho : enfin connectées. Med Sci (Paris) 2014; 30:231-3. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20143003003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Deschamps C, Echard A, Niedergang F. [Phagocytosis and cytokinesis: highlights on common themes and differences]. Med Sci (Paris) 2013; 29:1004-9. [PMID: 24280504 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20132911017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells use and adapt common molecular machineries. Recent findings have highlighted that actin polymerization, contractile activity and membrane remodelling with exocytosis of internal compartments are required both for successful phagocytosis, the internalization of particulate material and for cytokinesis, the last step of cell division. Phagocytosis is induced by the triggering of specific cell surface receptors, which leads to membrane deformation, pseudopod extension and contraction to engulf particles. Cytokinesis relies on intense contractile activity and eventually leads to the physical scission of sister cells. In this review, shared features of signalling, cytoskeletal reorganization and vesicular trafficking used in both phagocytosis and cytokinesis are described, and questions that remain open in these dynamic areas of research are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Deschamps
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, université Paris Descartes et Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, équipe phagocytose et invasion bactérienne, 22, rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
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Domingues MJ, Larue L, Bonaventure J. [Migration of melanocytic lineage-derived cells]. Med Sci (Paris) 2013; 29:287-92. [PMID: 23544383 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2013293015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, neural crest cells-derived melanoblasts migrate along the dorso-lateral axis into the dermis, then cross the basal layer to reach the epidermis and differentiate into melanocytes. They finally colonize the hair follicles to become resident pigmented cells. Neoplastic transformation converts melanocytes into highly invasive melanoma cells, which can adopt two modes of interconvertible migration (mesenchymal and amoeboid). Through analysis of the coat color phenotype of natural mouse mutants and genetically modified animals, many of the genes regulating migration were identified. Deciphering of cell membrane protrusions and signaling molecules involved in melanoma cell motility was further achieved through 2D and 3D culture systems. Here, we summarize how these data allow a better understanding of the complex mechanisms controlling migration of normal and pathological cells of the melanocytic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie J Domingues
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021,Génétique du développement des mélanocytes, Centre de recherche, bâtiment 110, 91405 Orsay, France
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Gonzalez-Billault C, Muñoz-Llancao P, Henriquez DR, Wojnacki J, Conde C, Caceres A. The role of small GTPases in neuronal morphogenesis and polarity. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2012; 69:464-85. [PMID: 22605667 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The highly dynamic remodeling and cross talk of the microtubule and actin cytoskeleton support neuronal morphogenesis. Small RhoGTPases family members have emerged as crucial regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics. In this review we will comprehensively analyze findings that support the participation of RhoA, Rac, Cdc42, and TC10 in different neuronal morphogenetic events ranging from migration to synaptic plasticity. We will specifically address the contribution of these GTPases to support neuronal polarity and axonal elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gonzalez-Billault
- Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology and Institute for Cell Dynamics and Biotechnology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Abstract
Podosomes are highly dynamic adhesion microdomains formed at the ventral membrane of some monocyte-derived cells. Structurally, their most distinguishing feature is their two-part architecture, consisting in a core of F-actin and actin-associated proteins, surrounded by a ring structure consisting of plaque proteins as well as signalling proteins. In addition to the presence of specific markers, they are distinguished from other adhesion structures by the presence of metalloproteases, endowing them with the ability to degrade the extracellular matrix. Invadopodia are related structures, of similar molecular composition but of distinct architecture, made by fibroblasts or epithelial cells transformed by the v-src oncogene or aggressive carcinoma cells. Such membrane-associated cellular devices, now named invadosomes, are thought to have a central role in mediating polarized migration in cells that cross anatomical boundaries. Podosomes have now been shown to form in endothelial cells, non monocytic and non tumoral cells, endowed with tissue invasive activities during vascular remodelling. Here, we summarize the recent advances and developments in this field, discuss how endothelial podosomes combine specificities of monocytic podosomes and invadopodia and provide our provisional outlook into the future understanding of endothelial podosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Génot
- IECB/Inserm U889, 2, rue Robert Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France.
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Alpy F, Legueux F, Bianchetti L, Tomasetto C. [START domain-containing proteins: a review of their role in lipid transport and exchange]. Med Sci (Paris) 2009; 25:181-91. [PMID: 19239851 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2009252181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifteen START domain-containing proteins exist in mammals. On the basis of their structural homology, this family is divided into several sub-families consisting mainly of non-vesicular intracellular lipid carriers. With the exception of the Thioesterase-START subfamily, the other subfamilies are represented among invertebrates. The START domain is always located in the C-terminus of the protein. It is a module of about 210 residues that binds lipids, including sterols. Cholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and ceramides are ligands for STARD1/STARD3-6, STARD5, STARD2/STARD10, STARD10 and STARD11, respectively. The lipids or sterols bound by the remaining 7 START proteins are unknown. The START domain can be regarded as a lipid-exchange and/or a lipid-sensing domain. The START domain consists in a deep lipid-binding pocket--that shields the hydrophic ligand from the external aqueous environment--covered by a lid formed by a C-terminal alpha helix. Within the same subgroup, such as the sterols-carriers subgroup, different START domains have similar biochemical properties; however, their expression profile and their subcellular localization distinguish them and are critical for their different biological functions. START proteins act in a variety of distinct physiological processes, such as lipid transfer between intracellular compartments, lipid metabolism and modulation of signaling events. Mutation or misexpression of START proteins is linked to pathological processes, including genetic disorders, autoimmune diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Alpy
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Biologie du Cancer, UPR 6520 CNRS/U964 Inserm/Université Louis Pasteur, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch, CU de Strasbourg, France
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